• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2019

Hearing impaired people are apt to be in danger because they can't detect danger with sound. Hearing impaired people have less risk-detection ability than non-disabled people because of lack of hearing. There are many devices to help the hearing impaired, such as hearing aids. A hearing aids can be helpful, but it may not be available depending on the degree or type of hearing loss for example, to the hearing-impaired people with little remaining hearing of high frequencies, ordinary hearing aids are not very useful for understanding the high frequency consonants and it requires a high cost, from thousands to tens of thousands of dollars. Also, it is difficult for the underprivileged, such as the low-income bracket and the elderly, to use them because they are difficult to manage. Therefore, this paper describes the development of low-cost wearable device to assistant a hearing-impaired people using Arduino. Also, it accepts values from switches or sensors and can control external electronic devices such as LEDs and motors to create objects that can interact with the environment. In this is paper, through sound sensors, the ambient sound was taken as an analogue value and transmitted to the aduino board, and the vibration motor was operated when the noise was generated, so that the user could be aware of the occurrence of danger.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.923-948
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• 2013

The main concern in mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is security because jamming or eavesdropping on a wireless link is much easier than on a wired one and such damage can be incurred without physical access or contact. In particular, authentication has increasingly become a requirement in mobile P2P environments. This paper presents a new mutual authentication mechanism which requires less storage space and maintains a high level of security in mobile P2P networks. The proposed mechanism improves efficiency by avoiding the use of centralized entities and is designed to be agile in terms of both reliability and low-cost implementation. The mechanism suggested in the simulation evaluates the function costs occurring in authentication between the devices under mobile P2P network environment comparing to existing method in terms of basic operation costs, traffic costs, communications costs, storage costs and scalability. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism provides high authentication with low cryptography processing overhead.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2139-2144
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 평판안테나를 사용한 저비용, 고효율 추적안테나에 구현에 대한 가능성을 분석하였다. 추적안테나는 4개의 평판안테나, 비교기, 추적수신기, 제어기로 구성된다. 안테나 배열에 따른 입사되는 전파의 세기 및 위상을 분석하였다. 또한 추적수신기에서 출력되는 신호를 분석하여, 추적가능 범위를 제시하였다. 추적수신기는 고각과 방위각 2개의 수신 경로를 설계하여 2개의 경로에서 발생하는 오차를 최소화하였다. 분석결과 -3도~+3도의 추적범위를 가지며, 구현이 가능하다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2009

Chen 등은 위조 방지와 프라이버시 보호를 위한 RFID 인증 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 제안된 스킴은 저비용의 RFID 태그 보안을 위하여 XOR 연산과 시프트(shift) 연산을 이용하였다. 그러나, 실제적인 응용 환경을 고려하지 않았기 때문에 보안상의 문제점을 비롯하여 몇 가지 취약점을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 Chen 등의 프로토콜을 분석하고 취약점에 대한 의견을 제시한다. 또한, 기존의 스킴을 보완한 RFID 양방향 인증 프로토콜과 효율적인 공급망 관리를 위한 갱신 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜은 기존의 XOR 연산 기반의 RFID 인증 프로토콜과 안전성 및 효율성면에서 비교, 분석하였으며, 높은 안전성과 적은 통신 비용이 요구됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

본 논문은 광선로 대신 Ethernet을 이용하여 저가형 WiMAX remote radio head (RRH)를 구현한 내용을 담고 있다. 간략화된 프레임 형식을 적용하여 최대 전송률이 상대적으로 낮은 Ethernet 선로의 사용 효율을 극대화하면서 기지국과 RRH들 사이에 데이터 전송이 이루어지도록 하였다. 또한 원격지에 설치되는 기지국과 RRH들이 동시에 무선데이터 송수신할 수 있도록 장치 간 동기화기법을 적용하였다. 설계된 내용은 FPGA 상에 구현되었으며 WiMAX Femtocell과 연동하여 정상적으로 무선데이터를 송수신함을 보였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 저가형 컬러센서를 이용하여 원거리 인식이 가능한 소형 RGB 센서를 개발하였다. 이 센서의 수광부에는 원거리 인식을 위해 카메라 렌즈를 사용하였으며, 고출력 백색 LED와 반사경이 장착된 렌즈를 조명부에 사용하여 조명의 강도를 높였다. RGB 색상 인식 알고리즘은 학습과정과 실시간 인식과정으로 구성되어 있다. 학습과정에서는 기준색으로 도색된 시편을 이용하여 RGB 색상에 대한 정규화된 기준 데이터를 취득하고, 인식과정에서는 마할라노비스 거리를 이용하여 3색을 분류한다. 개발한 RGB 색상 인식 센서를 부품 분류 시제품에 적용하여 성능을 검증하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-209
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• 2008

A structural monitoring system based on cheap and wireless monitoring system is investigated in this paper. Due to low-cost and low power consumption, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is suitable for wireless monitoring and the use of MEMS and wireless communication can reduce system cost and simplify the installation for structural health monitoring. For system identification using wireless MEMS, a finite element (FE) model updating method through correlation with the initial analytical model of the structure to the measured one is used. The system identification using wireless MEMS is evaluated experimentally using a three storey frame model. Identification results are compared to ones using data measured from traditional accelerometers and results indicate that the system identification using wireless MEMS estimates system parameters with reasonable accuracy. Another smart sensor considered in this paper for structural health monitoring is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) which is a type of piezoelectric material. PZT patches have been applied for the health monitoring of structures owing to their simultaneous sensing/actuating capability. In this paper, the system identification for building structures by using PZT patches functioning as sensor only is presented. The FE model updating method is applied with the experimental data obtained using PZT patches, and the results are compared to ones obtained using wireless MEMS system. Results indicate that sensing by PZT patches yields reliable system identification results even though limited information is available.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

This paper proposes a fast-processing and low-cost hardware multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel emulator. The channel emulator is an important component of hardware-based simulation systems. The novelty of this work is the use of sharing and pipelining functions to reduce hardware resource utilization while maintaining a high sample rate. In our proposed emulator, the samples are created sequentially and interpolated to ensure the sample rate is equal to the base band rate. The proposed 4 × 4 MIMO requires low-cost hardware resource so that it can be implemented on a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. An implementation on Xilinx Virtex-7 VX980T was found to occupy 10.47% of the available configurable slice registers and 12.58% of the FPGA's slice lookup tables. The maximum frequency of the proposed emulator is 758.064 MHz, so up to 560 different paths can be processed simultaneously to generate 560 × 758 million × 2 × 32 bit complex-valued fading samples per second.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.508-513
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• 2017

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are used in various industries and fields of research, including optical communication, flame sensing, missile plume detection, astronomical studies, biological sensors, and environmental research. However, general UV detectors that employ Schottky junction diodes and p-n junctions have high fabrication cost and low quantum efficiency. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of materials used to manufacture UV photodetectors in a low-cost solution process that requires easy fabrication of flexible substrates. We fabricated p-type NiO and n-type ZnO substrates with wide band gap by the sol-gel method and compared the characteristics of substrates prepared under different spin-coating and heat-treatment conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

This study aims at testing word-of-mouth (WOM) by mediating positive and negative perceptions of purchase intention on low-cost carriers (LCC) flights in Indonesia. One of the communications mixes that airlines can carry out is WOM. WOM is a form of communication between passengers after using a flight. The formation of a positive perception of WOM is expected by airlines. If a positive perception of WOM has formed, a purchase intention will arise. The study population included LCC flight passengers in Indonesia, involving 387 respondents. For indicators and variables, validity and reliability tests were conducted using CFA, CR, and AVE tools. Sampling locations were Soekarno-Hatta and Kualanamu airports. Sample collection was obtained through purposive sampling, and the analytical tool used was structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lisrel. The results showed that WOM influenced purchase intention through positive and negative perceptions of WOM. It can be seen that a positive perception of WOM has a direct effect, while a negative perception of WOM has the opposite effect. In conclusion, the mediation of perceptions influences purchase intention, whether it in the same direction or the opposite ones. To conclude, WOM is an antecedent for it influences purchase intention.