• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3366-3383
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• 2012

Reliance on the Internet has introduced Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) to various security threats. A reliable security protocol and an authentication scheme are thus required to prevent the aforementioned threats. However, an authentication scheme often demands additional cost and effort. Accordingly, a security framework for known participants in VoIP communication is proposed in this paper. The framework is known as Randomness-Optimized Self-Securing (ROSS), which performs authentication automatically throughout the session by optimizing the uniqueness and randomness of the communication itself. Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange and Salsa20 stream cipher are utilized in the framework correspondingly to secure the key agreement and the communication with low computational cost. Human intelligence supports ROSS authentication process to ensure participant authenticity and communication regularity. The results show that with marginal overhead, the proposed framework is able to secure VoIP communication by performing reliable authentication.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2014

In this paper, remote control and surveillance monitoring system of HID street-lamp using low-cost type of Zigbee communication module was developed. A plurality of capacitors with different capacity are attached to magnetic ballast for HID lamps. Changes in the amount of illumination can be adjusted by the changes in capacity so that the electric energy can be reduced. In Zigbee communication module, a ATmega128L microprocessor is used and in main CPU, ARM9 Core is used to construct a low-cost smart system. In surveillance monitoring systems, the system was configured to remote monitoring of presence of error in the lamp abnormalities, the status of leakage current and abnormalities of ballasts and capacitors and the validity of the proposed empirical experiment was confirmed.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2820-2827
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• 2015

저가의 MCU를 사용한 HSMS 구동 시스템은 반도체 설비 온라인 시스템 구축에는 없어서는 안 될 필수적인 기술이다. HSMS는 더 빠른 속도의 통신이 필요하고 장비 하드웨어 구성이 용이한 어플리케이션을 위해 SECS-I 대신에 많이 사용된다. 기존의 SECS와 HSMS 디바이스는 SECS의 전반적인 프로토콜 구현되어 있어서 매우 고가이다. 이 연구에서는 기업에서 필요로 하는 SECS 프로토콜만을 지원하는 HSMS 통신 시스템을 설계하고 구현하고자 한다. 저가이지만 고성능 MCU를 메인 보드로 하여 HSMS 통신을 처리하는 모듈을 설계하고, BCR을 독립적으로 처리 할 수 있는 회로를 초소형 MCU를 이용하여 설계한다. 그리고 BCR로부터 인식된 태그 데이터를 HSMS 통신 프로토콜에 부합하는 데이터로 변환하기 위해 SECS-II 메시지를 설계한다. 이 설계들을 반영한 HSMS 통신 시스템을 개발한다. 개발한 저가의 HSMS 통신 모듈은 반도체 공정에 대한 실시간 감시 및 제어 시스템에 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1406-1421
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• 2019

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been deployed in almost every facet of our day to day activities. This is made possible because sensing and data collection devices have been given computing and communication capabilities. The devices implement System-on-Chips (SoCs) that incorporate a lot of functionalities, yet they are severely constrained in terms of memory capacitance, hardware area, and power consumption. With the increase in the functionalities of sensing devices, there is a need for low-cost synthesizable processors to handle control, interfacing, and error processing. The first step in selecting a synthesizable processor core for low-cost devices is to examine the hardware resource utilization to make sure that it fulfills the requirements of the device. This paper gives an analysis of the hardware resource usage of ten synthesizable processors that implement the Reduced Instruction Set Computer Five (RISC-V) Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). All the ten processors are synthesized using Vivado v2018.02. The maximum frequency, area, and power reports are extracted and a comparison is made to determine which processor is ideal for low-cost hardware devices.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권8B호
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• pp.786-796
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• 2009

현재 웹 신디케이션 기술은 주로 데스크탑 환경에서 구현 활용되고 있기 때문에 이동성에 대한 고려가 되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 데스크탑 기반의 웹 신디케이션 기술을 모바일 인터넷으로 확장하는데 초점을 맞추었다. 모바일 단말기에서 데스크탑 기반의 웹 신디케이션을 단순히 적용하게 되면 정기 구독으로 인해 높은 무선통신 비용을 초래할 수 있다. 본 논문은 낮은 통신 비용으로 모바일 신디케이션을 구현할 수 있는 PMS(Proxy-based Mobile Syndication) 모델을 제안한다. PMS 모델은 모바일 단말기와 웹 사이트 사이에 프록시 서버인 MWProxy를 정의한다. 프록시 서버는 웹 사이트에서 수신한 채널에서 변경된 아이템을 선택하여 간소화한 채널로 재구성함으로써 통신 비용을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 PMS 모델을 실제 휴대폰 상에서 설계 구현하고 에뮬레이터를 이용하여 성능을 평가하였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2012

The widespread implementation of RFID in ubiquitous computing is constrained considerably by privacy and security unreliability of the wireless communication channel. This failure to satisfy the basic, security needs of the technology has a direct impact of the limited computational capability of the tags, which are essential for the implementation of RFID. Because the universal application of RFID means the use of low cost tags, their security is limited to lightweight cryptographic primitives. Therefore, EPCGen2, which is a class of low cost tags, has the enabling properties to support their communication protocols. This means that satisfying the security needs of EPCGen2 could ensure low cost security because EPCGen2 is a class of low cost, passive tags. In that way, a solution to the hindrance of low cost tags lies in the security of EPCGen2. To this effect, many lightweight authentication protocols have been proposed to improve the privacy and security of communication protocols suitable for low cost tags. Although many EPCgen2 compliant protocols have been proposed to ensure the security of low cost tags, the optimum security has not been guaranteed because many protocols are prone to well-known attacks or fall short of acceptable computational load. This paper proposes a remedy protocol to the flyweight RFID authentication protocol proposed by Burmester and Munilla against a desynchronization attack. Based on shared pseudorandom number generator, this protocol provides mutual authentication, anonymity, session unlinkability and forward security in addition to security against a desynchronization attack. The desirable features of this protocol are efficiency and security.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2007

Bluetooth is a standard for short range, low power, low cost wireless communication that uses radio technology. This paper presents an overview of Bluetooth communication the following article will focus on the formation of Bluetooth scatter nets and some proposed scatter net models.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1976-1981
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• 2003

Except a desktop computer and workstation, an embedded system is a system containing microprocessors. While a desktop computer and a workstation are designed for a general purpose, an embedded system is designed for a dedicated purpose. Thus, an embedded system must meet some constraints such as low power consumption, low cost, small size, real-time, or user-defined ones. A simple and low cost embedded system may be able to be designed without using embedded operating systems (OS). However, considered design time and effort, some embedded system had better be designed with using embedded OS. Under given constraints and purpose of some embedded systems, one embedded OS can save more time, cost, and effort in designing those embedded systems than others. This paper compares four embedded OSs, Windows CE, Embedded Linux, pSOS, and uC/OS. It analyzes several issues of embedded OS such as process scheduling, inter-process communication (IPC), memory management, and network support. Also, it describes the product of each embedded OS.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2021

CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), a type of deep learning algorithm, is a type of artificial neural network used to analyze visual images. In deep learning, it is classified as a deep neural network and is most commonly used for visual image analysis. Accordingly, an AI autonomous driving model was constructed through real-time image processing, and a crosswalk image of a road was used as an obstacle. In this paper, we proposed a low-cost model that can actually implement autonomous driving based on the CNN model. The most well-known deep neural network technique for autonomous driving is investigated and an end-to-end model is applied. In particular, it was shown that training and self-driving on a simulated road is possible through a practical approach to realizing lane detection and keeping.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1826-1829
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• 2005

Recent advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low power sensor network. Wireless sensor network are often used in remote monitoring control applications, health care, security and environmental monitoring. Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology consisting of small, low-power, and low-cost devices that integrate limited computation, sensing, and radio communication capabilities. Sensor network platform for health care has been designed, fabricated and tested. This system consists of an embedded micro-controller, Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver, power management, I/O expansion, and serial communication (RS-232). The hardware platform uses Atmel ATmega128L 8-bit ultra low power RISC processor with 128KB flash memory as the program memory and 4KB SRAM as the data memory. The radio transceiver (Chipcon CC1000) operates in the ISM band at 433MHz or 916MHz with a maximum data rate of 76.8kbps. Also, the indoor radio range is approximately 20-30m. When many sensors have to communicate with the controller, standard communication interfaces such as Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or Integrated Circuit ($I^{2}C$) allow sharing a single communication bus. With its low power, the smallest and low cost design, the wireless sensor network system and wireless sensing electronics to collect health-related information of human vitality and main physiological parameters (ECG, Temperature, Perspiration, Blood Pressure and some more vitality parameters, etc.)