• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 1987

For the purpose of evaluating the effect of noise induced hearing loss on the blood pressure, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 manufacturing industrial workers in Pusan area consisted of 275 workers from noisier plant (over 90 dB(A), high exposed group) and 206 workers from less noisy plant (below 85 dB(A), low exposed group) from April to Decepmber in 1985. The summarized results were as follows; 1) The degree of hearing loss according to the audible frequency was most notable in 4,000 Hz. 2) The prevalence of hypertension was 14.8% in total examined subjects. And also in 40 dB(A) hearing lost workers, there was no significant difference between high exposed group as 15.5% and low exposed group as 15.8%. 3) In 3 models analyzed by multiple regression technique to obtain the complexed extents of risk factors related to the diastolic blood pressure, especially model III which contain age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and family history of hypertension, duration of work, noise exposure level and degree of hearing loss in high exposed group was most remarkable compared to the others. 4) The most potential predictor related to the diastolic pressure in high exposed group was the degree of hearing loss. And the next were body mass index, familial history of hypertension and age in order. But in the case of low exposed group, the potential predictors were body mass index, age and familial history of hypertension.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.150.2-150.2
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate in detail the effect of $PO_4{^{3-}}$, $CO_3{^{2-}}$ and $F^-$ anions on the electrochemical properties of the thin air-formed oxide film-covered AZ31 Mg alloy. In this work, native air-formed oxide films on AZ31 Mg alloy samples were prepared by knife-abrading method and the changes in the electrochemical properties of the air-formed oxide film were investigated in electrolytes containing 0.01 M, 0.05 M and 0.1 M of $PO_4{^{3-}}$, $CO_3{^{2-}}$ and $F^-$ anions. It was observed that the trend of open circuit potential (OCP) transients changed only in the solution containing $PO_4{^{3-}}$ ions. The Nyquist plots obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the resistance of the new surface films formed in fluoride ion containing bath increased with the increase in concentration of fluoride ions but the resistance of surface films formed in carbonate ion containing bath decreased with the increase in concentration of carbonate ions. The potentiodynamic polarization curves illustrated that under anodic polarization, there was growth of porous passive layer only in fluoride ion containing solution while the surface layer formed in phosphate and carbonate ion containing solutions lost its passivity at high anodic potential of $2.5V_{Ag/AgCl}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2087-2097
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• 2016

Most cold-adapted enzymes possess higher $K_m$ and $k_{cat}$ values than those of their mesophilic counterparts to maximize the reaction rate. This characteristic is often ascribed to a high structural flexibility and improved dynamics in the active site. However, this may be less convincing to cold-adapted metabolic enzymes, which work at substrate concentrations near $K_m$. In this respect, cold adaptation of a shikimate kinase (SK) in the shikimate pathway from psychrophilic Colwellia psychrerythraea (CpSK) was characterized by comparing it with a mesophilic Escherichia coli homolog (EcSK). The optimum temperatures for CpSK and EcSK activity were approximately $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The melting points were $33^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ for CpSK and EcSK, respectively. The ${\Delta}G_{H_2O}$ (denaturation in the absence of denaturing agent) values were 3.94 and 5.74 kcal/mol for CpSK and EcSK, respectively. These results indicated that CpSK was a cold-adapted enzyme. However, contrary to typical kinetic data, CpSK had a lower $K_m$ for its substrate shikimate than most mesophilic SKs, and the $k_{cat}$ was not increased. This observation suggested that CpSK may have evolved to exhibit increased substrate affinity at low intracellular concentrations of shikimate in the cold environment. Sequence analysis and homology modeling also showed that some important salt bridges were lost in CpSK, and higher Arg residues around critical Arg 140 seemed to increase flexibility for catalysis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CpSK exhibits characteristics of cold adaptation with unusual kinetic parameters, which may provide important insights into the cold adaptation of metabolic enzymes.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Recently the demand for civil security and security guards shows rapid growth. However the supply and training system have some limitations. Educational and training systems for civil body and security guards are in the basic level and private organizations trained the professional work force. So this paper is showing what a social dominant factor and a divice of development of the private security. Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society. many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition. The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.107-130
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• 2001

During the last year, we had a very severe situation with the strike of physicians working in medical facilities. From that time, many politicians and scholars insisted on the expansion of public hospitals to enhance the public role in the medical care sector. They think that private medical facilities work for profit motivation and that the high proportion of private to whole facilities is an obstacle to the public function of medical care under social insurance system. They found that one of the reasons for failing to prevent the physicians' strike was the high proportion of private facilities. Others insisted that the strike was not a good reason for the expansion of public hospitals. The physicians' strike was a very rare case, and it is not a good basis for generalization of the discussion of public hospitals. Last year almost all apprentice physicians in public facilities took part in the strike, and consequently the public hospitals also lost the role of public function. They view this increasing involvement of government in the medical sector as improper and the cause of inefficiencies. In this paper we review the debate over the expansion of public facilities. To clarify the debate, we review traditional criteria for the role of government in a market system and to apply these criteria to medical care. There are two traditional areas where government Is acknowledged to have a role in a market system: market imperfections and market failure. Where market imperfections and market failure exist, there may be a role for government. The justifications for government intervention are consumer protection and the existence of externalities. One of externalities is to provide medical care for the poor. The appropriate measures to provide medical owe to the poor can be sought in both demand and supply side subsidies. National health insurance is a method of demand subsidies and establishment of public hospitals is a method of supply side subsidies. Under the National Health Insurance System, the expansion of public hospitals is not an appropriate subsidy policy.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

최근 지식을 관리하는 방법으로서 경험이나 사례로부터 도출된 여러 가지 방법이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 이들 방법의 대부분은 성공 사례만 보고되고 있을 뿐 그 효과는 정량적으로 실증되지 않고 있다. 논문에서는 집단 내에서 지식 전수의 방법을 제안함으로써 지식 관리의 효과를 검토하고자 하며, 집단 내에서 지식이 전수되어 가고 있는 모습을 다수 대리인 시뮬레이션에 의하여 표현한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 지식 데이터베이스와 지식 관리를 도입함으로써 집단 전체의 실적이 향상되는 것이 확인되었다. 한, 본 방법을 이용하여 사회적 쟁점을 표현한 결과, 집단 전체의 경험 지식을 잃게 되는 것을 확인하였다. 대책으로서 지식 데이터베이스의 도입, 지식 관리자의 도입, 정년의 연장, 중도 채용을 증가시킨 결과, 그 중에서 지식 데이터베이스와 지식 관리자를 도입하는 것이 효과적이라는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2011

본 연구는 서울시를 대상으로 건축물 연면적 비율을 이용하여 토지이용 용도 특성이 어떻게 분포하고 있으며, 개발밀도와는 어떠한 상관관계를 가지고 있는지 분석하여 토지이용의 용도 관리가 필요함을 제기 하였다. 건축물 연면적 비율을 이용한 군집분석결과 서울시는 연립주택 등을 위주로 한 저층공동주택지역과 아파트 위주의 고층공동주택지역의 특성을 나타내는 지역이 대부분이며, 업무지역이나 공업지역 등은 극히 일부 지역에 집중되어 있었다. 이 중 도심일대의 업무지역은 강남지역의 업무지역과는 달리 주거면적과 상주인구가 부족하여 도심공동화를 초래할 우려가 있어 용도에 대한 관리가 필요함이 나타났다. 뉴타운사업 등 재개발 재건축으로 인해 서울의 고밀화는 서울시 전역으로 확대될 것으로 예상되어 지역특성을 고려한 개발이 필요함을 제기하였으며, 업무용도가 분포하며 도로여건이 비교적 양호한 공장지역은 주거환경을 개선하여 직주근접을 유도할 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.811-819
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• 2016

범안면골 골절은 안면부 손상 그 자체로도 치료가 까다롭고 어렵지만, 동반된 다른 신체 중요 장기의 손상 등과 함께 치료 후 에도 남을 수 있는 안면의 심미적, 기능적 문제들 때문에 더욱 치료가 힘들어 질 수 있다. 뇌손상 등의 중요 장기 손상으로 인해 수술이 빠른 시일 내에 시행되지 못할 때에는 관련 의학분과와의 긴밀한 협진 하에 수술 전 처치가 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 하며, 연조직을 포함한 골절편 등 안면 구조물들이 손상되지 않고 전체적인 형태를 유지할 수 있도록 응급 처치가 되어야 한다. 3D CT 등의 영상진단을 통해 안면골 골절을 치료하기 위한 전체적인 계획을 수립해야 한다. 이 계획에는 수술을 위한 기도확보 방법, 골절의 정복 고정 순서, 접근 방법, 안구, 코 등의 재건 방법 그리고 연조직에 손상에 대한 처치가 포함된다. 수술 시에는 환자 개개인의 상황에 맞춰 되도록 정확한 정복과 고정이 가능한 안면구조물에서 부터 시작하여 교합을 형성하고, 안면골의 유기적인 관계에 유의하여 삼차원적인 구조를 재위치 시킬 수 있도록 해야 한다. 연조직 봉합 시에는 얼굴 피부의 처짐 등을 방지하기 위해 골막, 근막 및 중요 안면 인대들을 고려하여 시행하여야 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

스마트 기기 사용자의 증가와 통신 기술 발전으로 시간과 장소에 제약 없이 업무환경에 대한 영역이 확대되고 있다. 사용자 개인의 장비를 활용하여 업무에 도입되어지고 있으며, 이를 BYOD(Bring Your On Device)라고 한다. 하지만 기존의 무선 환경에서 발생하고 있는 보안위협에 취약하며, 기업 내부에 의한 중요 정보 유출, 사용자 부주의로 인한 단말기 분실/도난 등으로 인하여 보안취약점이 이슈화 되고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 BYOD환경에서 사용자 정보 기반으로 세션 키를 생성하여 사용자 권한에 따른 접근 제어 프로토콜에 관하여 연구하였다. 사용자 정보 및 사용자 기기 정보를 기반으로 세션 키를 생성하였으며, 이후 접근제어 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 BYOD 환경 및 무선 랜 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 공격으로부터 보호할 수 있고, 사용자 권한을 관리하여 기업 내부의 중요 콘텐츠 유출로부터 보안 요구사항과 안전성을 강화하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1381-1387
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• 2016

This study aims to establish baseline data for sustainable monitoring by applying the green city index (GCI), which is set up to evaluate the city level, to the city of Gangneung-si, which was designated as a pilot city for the Low-carbon Green Growth City project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation. The GCI was applied in the framework of European systems, while considering the social and economic status of Korea. Indicators from 7 areas-$CO_2$, energy, building, transportation, water, waste, and quality of atmosphere were analyzed, except for qualitative indicators. Results indicate that total $CO_2$ emissions were 30.8 tons per capita, or 2.2 tons per one million units of real GDP. The total final energy consumption was 0.231 TOE/capita, or 0.317 TOE per one million units of real GDP. The percentage of total energy derived from renewable resources was 0.41% and energy consumption by the building was $433.5Mwh/1,000m^2$. The total percentage of the working population travelling to work daily by public transportation (limited to bus) was 19%. Further, the total annual water consumption was $99m^3/capita$, and the water lost in the water distribution system was $0.057m^3/capita/day$. The total annual waste collected was 0.0077 ton per capita, The annual mean emission were 0.014 ppm/day for $NO_2$, 0.005 ppm/day for $SO_2$, and 0.019 ppm/day for $O_3$. The annual mean for PM10 emissions was $39{\mu}g/m^3/day$.