• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1807-1817
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed at investigating white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) cases in breast meat collected from commercial broilers. Methods: A total of 183 breast samples were collected from male Ross 308 broilers slaughtered at the age of 6 weeks (n = 100) and 7 weeks (n = 83). The breasts were subjected to meat defect inspection, meat quality determination and histology evaluation. Results: Of 183, 4 breasts from 6-week-old broilers were classified as non-defective while the others exhibited the WS lesion. Among the 6-week-old birds, the defective samples from the medium size birds (carcass weight ${\leq}2.5kg$) showed mild to moderate WS degree with no altered meat quality. Some of the breasts from the 6-week-old birds with carcass weight above 2.5 kg exhibited WB in accompanied with the WS condition. Besides of a reduction of protein content, increases in collagen matter and pH values in the defective samples (p<0.05), no other impaired quality indices were detected within this group. All 7-week-old broilers yielded carcasses weighing above 2.5 kg and showed abnormal characteristics with progressive severity. The breasts affected with severe WS and WB showed the greatest cook loss, hardness, springiness and chewiness (p<0.05). Development of WB induced significantly increased drip loss in the samples (p<0.05). Histology indicated necrotic events in the defective myofibers. Based on logistic regression, increasing percent breast weight by one unit enhanced the chance of WS and WB development with advanced severity by 50.9% and 61.0%, respectively. Delayed slaughter age from 6 to 7 weeks increased the likelihood of obtaining increased WS severity by 56.3%. Conclusion: Cases of WS and WB defects in Southeast Asia have been revealed. Despite few cases of the severe WS and WB, such abnormal conditions significantly impaired technological properties and nutritional quality of broiler breasts.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.309-341
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• 2009

According to a case of Supreme Court's Sentence No. 2009DA17417 (May 21, 2009), the Supreme Court judges that 'the right to life is the ultimate one of basic human rights stipulated in the Constitution, so it is required to very limitedly and conservatively determine whether to discontinue any medical practice on which patient's life depends directly.' In addition, the Supreme Court admits that 'only if a patient who comes to a fatal phase before death due to attack of any irreversible disease may execute his or her right of self-determination based on human respect and values and human right to pursue happiness, it is permissible to discontinue life-sustaining treatment for him or her, unless there is any special circumstance.' Furthermore, the Supreme Court finds that 'if a patient who is attacked by any irreversible disease informs medical personnel of his or her intention to agree on the refusal or discontinuance of life-sustaining treatment in advance of his or her potential irreversible loss of consciousness, it is justifiable that he or she already executes the right of self-determination according to prior medical instructions, unless there is any special circumstance where it is reasonably concluded that his or her physician is changed after prior medical instructions for him or her.' The Supreme Court also finds that 'if a patient remains at irreversible loss of consciousness without any prior medical instruction, he or she cannot express his or her intentions at all, so it is rational and complying with social norms to admit possibility of estimating his or her own intentions on withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, provided that such a withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment meets his or her interests in view of his or her usual sense of values or beliefs and it is reasonably concluded that he or she could likely choose to discontinue life-sustaining treatment, even if he or she were given any chance to execute his or her right of self-determination.' This judgment is very significant in a sense that it suggests the reasonable orientation of solutions for issues posed concerning withdrawal of meaningless life-sustaining medical efforts. The issues concerning removal of medical instruments for meaningless life-sustaining treatment and discontinuance of such treatment in regard to medical treatment for terminal cases don't seem to be so much big deal when a patient has clear consciousness enough to express his or her intentions, but it counts that there is any issue regarding a patient who comes to irreversible loss of consciousness and cannot express his or her intentions. Therefore, it is required to develop an institutional instrument that allows relevant authority to estimate the scope of physician's medical duties for terminal patients as well as a patient's intentions to withdraw any meaningless treatment during his or her terminal phase involving loss of consciousness. However, Korean judicial authority has yet to clarify detailed cases where it is permissible to discontinue any life-sustaining treatment for a patient in accordance with his or her right of self-determination. In this context, it is inevitable and challenging to make better legislation to improve relevant systems concerning withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The State must assure the human basic rights for its citizens and needs to prepare a system to assure such basic rights through legislative efforts. In this sense, simply entrusting physician, patient or his or her family with any critical issue like the withdrawal of meaningless life-sustaining treatment, even without any reasonable standard established for such entrustment, means the neglect of official duties by the State. Nevertheless, this issue is not a matter that can be resolved simply by legislative efforts. In order for our society to accept judicial system for withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, it is important to form a social consensus about this issue and also make proactive discussions on it from a variety of standpoints.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1993

The structure change in the broiler industry of Korea has been taking place very rapidly toward the direction of integrated production and marketing system. During the course of the evolution into the integrated structure, however, a number of small business entities, uncountable nationally but a minimum of a dozen, that previously engaged in the supply of production factors or live bird transaction also tended to get involved in the new system as a disguised or pseudo-integrator, having brought a lot of problems not only to the farmers but also to the development of integrated structure. The pseudo-integrator is generally characterized by limited functions in such a way of supplying chicks and feeds to and collecting grown birds from farmers under the contract at a fixed farmer's payment in practically the same pattern as a partial or quasi-integration, which intends to act as if an integrator in a stratagem to simply enjoy a margin simply from selling supplies and buying products for a certain period of time. The grower making a contract with appears to be a farmer who used to be an Independent and speculating but not able to join in the normal system of evolving integration. The problems of a pseudo-integrator center on the financial loss to a contract farmer, because the falsified integrator has to become easily bankrupt and run away when the price of live broiler continually stays below the cost of production, even though he is able to make a tremendous profit otherwise which is the real purpose of the operation for. It is true that the volatile market, fluctuating the price up more than doubled in a month and down to a half in a few weeks, makes the pseudo-integrator find the room for such a fraudulence. In addition, its activity also adversely affect the evolution of the integration due to rather negative image on structure change in general. It is recommended that the farmers need to better understand the real picture of the integrated system so as not to be swindled by a disguised, small scale agribusiness agent. By the same token, it is also equally required to have the whole industry integrated completely as early as possible. The Joint effort to get rid of pseudo-integrators' problems shall be put for the industry development moving toward the integration. No doubt a pseudo-integrator must be a temporary player for chance emerging during the course of structure change into the integrated, though.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1991

Aging 기간의 증가에 따른 토양 중 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 변화를 규명하기 위해 benzene ring에 $^{14}C$로 균일하게 표지된 $^{14}C-TCAB$를 토양(유기물 함량 : 1.8%)에 처리하고 $21{\pm}1^{\circ}C$의 incubator내에서 각각 3, 6, 9, 12, 15개월 동안 aging하였다. Aging기간중 $^{14}CO_2$에 방출량과 휘발된 량은 극히 적었으며, 3개월 aging시 7.55%이던 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 량이 15개월 aging시 19.32%까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 또한 토양 추출액의 partition결과 TCAB의 구조 중에 극성기(polar group)가 전혀 형성되지 않았음을 알 수 있었으며 토양흡착 잔류물의 대부분은 $humin(50.52{\sim}58.93%)$에 분포하였다. 한편 토양 중 미생물의 수가 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 감소한 것은 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 형성에 미생물의 영향이 없었음을 시사해준다. 따라서 aging기간이 증가함에 따라 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 량이 증가하는 것은 trans-TCAB가 흡착력과 극성이 더 큰 cis-TCAB로 변환되었기 때문인 것으로 보인다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 1999년도 춘계공동학술대회:정보화시대의 지식경영
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.249-277
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• 2012

Eugene O'Neill's one-act play Before Breakfast (1916) depicts a morning scene of a married couple who live in a slovenly flat at Greenwich Village. There is no apparent dramatic action occurring in the play. Instead, the play is full of Mrs. Rowland's incessant complaints about her husband Alfred's loafing around bars with artists friends, neglecting his role as breadwinner. An irony is that every morning she prepares breakfast for the good-for-nothing husband even in the moment of complaining. It is worth noting that Alfred is an 'unseen character' who is never directly observed by the audience but is only described by her wife. Deprived of all chances to speak and present himself on stage, he is kept in the room throughout the play. In contrast, Mrs. Rowland dominates the stage, monopolizing language and action. The audience has to listen to her, judge from her statements, and take her one-sided complaints. The accused husband, with zero chance of showing up and defending himself, has no choice but to be the sinner as the wife intends. Another irony is that the audience's feeling about the situation is quite different from what is expected. The wife's complaints are regarded to be unfair and groundless in the reason that the situation is monopolized by her. In case of the husband, in contrast, the loss of voice and presence stresses the injustice of his dead-lock situation. In other words, the 'absent' quality of Alfred works to evoke the audience's sympathy for himself and subsequently makes his presence recognized, not visually but emotionally, by the audience throughout the play. Discovered in this paradoxical moment where the spectators understand or 'see' the status of the unseen and the devoiced message is successfully conveyed to the listeners, is the theatricality of absence. Adding to the function as theatrical device, the 'unseen character' Alfred works as a device of self-reflection to mirror the author's own life. Alfred, the alter-ego of O'Neill, effectively exorcises the author's life-long feeling of guilty as the unfaithful husband and father in the unhappy first marriage, successfully evoking the audience's sympathy for himself.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1118-1127
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• 2020

알츠하이머병은 점진적인 신경세포의 손상과 이로 인해 인지기능 장애를 유발하는 질병이다. 이 질환은 현재로서는 치료할 수 있는 질환이 아니고 진행을 멈추게 할 수 있는 방법이 없다. 그러나 초기에 알츠하이머병을 치료하는 것이 가장 효과적이므로 초기 진단은 증상을 관리할 수 있는 가장 좋은 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 알츠하이머병을 진단하기 위한 바이오마커로는 아밀로이드 베타(Aβ), 병적인 타우, 그리고 신경퇴화가 있고, Aβ의 축적, 인산화 타우는 뇌척수액이나 양전자 방출 단층촬영술을 통해 분석할 수 있다. 그러나 뇌척수액의 채취는 매우 침습적이고 양전자 방출 단층촬영술은 전문적인 고가의 장비가 필요하다. 지난 수십년 동안 빠르고 최소한의 침습성을 가진 바이오마커 분석법을 개발하기 위하여 혈액에 기반한 바이오마커 분석 기술이 연구되어 왔다. 그 중 주목할 만 한 발견이 혈장에서 Aβ의 주요 원천으로 혈소판과의 관련성이다. 아밀로이드 베타는 혈액-뇌 장벽을 통과 할 수 있고 정상 상태에서는 뇌와 혈액 간 평형을 이루게 된다. 흥미롭게도, 여러 임상시험 결과 혈장에서 Aβ42/Aβ40 비율이 가벼운 인지장애 질환과 알츠하이머병에서 감소되어 있는 것을 증명하였다. 종합하면, 이러한 최근의 발견들은 침습성을 최소화한 알츠하이머병의 초기 진단 기술을 개발하는 데 이용될 수 있다. 본 총설에서, 저자들은 알츠하이머병의 바이오마커에 대한 최근 연구결과들, 특히 말초에서 Aβ를 생산하는 혈소판의 역할과 혈액 기반 바이오마커로서의 개발 가능성에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.196-217
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• 2016

본 연구는 국가지정 동산문화재에 대하여 국가가 직접 수행하는 정기조사를 중심으로 국가지정 지류문화재의 보존상태 및 보존환경을 파악하고 보존관리 방안을 모색하고자 수행하였다. 조사대상은 2014~2015년도에 문화재보존과학센터와 미술문화재연구실이 공동조사한 내용으로 제한하였다. 지류문화재는 재질상 온 습도, 빛 등 외부환경의 영향을 받기 쉽고 물리적 힘에 의해서도 쉽게 손상될 수 있으므로 안정적인 보존환경이 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 문화재보호법에 의해 시행되는 동산문화재 정기조사를 통하여 오염, 찢어짐, 꺾임, 마찰, 결손 등 보존처리가 시급한 문화재이다. 따라서 처리시기를 놓침으로써 돌이킬 수 없는 상황에 이르지 않도록 철저히 관리해야 하며 처리 후 관리상황에 대해서도 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 이와 같이 정기조사를 통해 문제점이 노출된 국가지정 문화재들을 중심으로 안료, 재질, 구조분석 등 정밀조사 추진, 문화유산 보존관리 데이터 축적을 정기조사와 병행하여 별도 추진할 필요가 있음이 판단되었다. 이러한 국가지정 문화재의 상세한 데이터들은 향후 국가지정 지류문화재의 보다 합리적인 보존관리 체계 구축의 기반이 될 것이며, 정기조사 방법의 지속적인 개선 역시 가능하게 할 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.432-443
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• 2015

스키산업은 기후변화에 매우 민감한 산업이다. 이에 따라 세계 각국의 많은 연구자들이 기후화로 인한 스키산업의 영향을 연구해왔다. 그러나 이런 대부분의 연구들은 대부분 세계적 규모의 대형 스키장을 대상으로 진행해왔기 때문에 우리나라와 같은 소규모 스키장에 연구 결과를 적용하기는 어려웠다. 이에 국내 스키장 17곳을 대상으로 한국적 여건을 고려한 스키산업의 기후 변화 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 저감 노력 하에 기후변화 추세가 완화한다면(RCP 4.5) 스키산업은 현재와 같은 수준으로 유지될 수 있을 것으로 전망되었다. 그러 현재의 기후변화 추세가 계속 지속된다면(RCP 8.5) 스키산업의 운영 어려움이 발생될 것으로 전망되었는데, 스키장 운영 최소 영업일 100일을 기준으로 했을 때, 17개 스키장 중 2030년대에 3개, 2060년대에는 12개, 2090년대에는 나머지 2개 스키장의 운영이 불가해 질 것으로 전망되었다. 이는 우리나라의 소규모 스키장 또한 해외의 대형 스키장과 마찬가지로 기후변화로 인한 운영 어려움에 노출될 것임을 뜻하며, 스키장의 운영 지속성을 확보하기 위한기술적, 운영적 차원의 적응 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.