• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2018

Background: Poultry breeding has increased by 306% in Korea, inevitably increasing the production of manure which may contribute to environmental pollution. The nutrients (NP) in the manure are essential for crop cultivation and soil fertility when applied as compost. Excess nutrients from manure can be accumulated on the land and can lead to eutrophication. Therefore, a nutrient load on the finite land should be calculated. Methods: This study calculates the nutrient production from Korean poultry by investigating 11 broiler and 16 laying hen farms. The broiler manure was composted using deep litter composting while for layer deep litter composting, drying, and simple static pile were in practice. The effect of weight reduction and storing period during composting was checked. Three weight reduction cases of compost were constructed to calculate nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) using data from; i) farm investigation, ii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), and iii) dry basis. Results: During farm investigation of broiler and layer with deep litter composting, there was a 68 and 21% N loss whereas 77 and 33% P loss was found, respectively. In case of layer composting, a loss of 10-56% N and a 52% P loss was observed. Drying manure increased the P concentrations therefore NLCs calculated using dry basis that showed quite higher reductions (67% N; 53% P). Nutrient loss from farm investigation was much higher than reported by Korean Ministry of Environment (ME). Conclusions: Nutrients in manure are decreased when undergo storing or composting process due to microbial action, drying, and leaching. The nutrient load applied to soil is less than the fresh manure, hence the livestock manure management and conservation of environment would be facilitated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2022

Rice is a major food crop consumed by approximately half of the world's population. Heading date is one of the major agronomic traits and has a wide impact on the productivity and quality of rice. Recently, shortening the growth period of rice through modulating heading date has been emphasized as one of the most effective strategies for reducing methane emissions from paddy fields. OsPRR37, a major heading date gene in rice, represses flowering under both short-day and long-day conditions. Plants carrying the loss-of-function alleles of OsPRR37 have been reported to flower approximately seven days and 20 days earlier than those carrying the functional alleles in short day and long day conditions, respectively. In this study, we investigated the nucleotide sequence variation existing in the exonic regions of OsPRR37 and catalogued the allelic distribution in 208 Korean rice cultivars. We used four sets of primers for amplifying and sequencing the eight exons of OsPRR37. As a result, two types of loss-of-function alleles and four types of functional alleles were found in 208 Korean rice cultivars. Interestingly, only three cultivars (Jinbuolbyeo, Jinseolchal, and Mimyeon) carried loss-of-function alleles while 205 carried functional alleles, indicating that OsPRR37 loss-of-function alleles have been used very rarely in Korean rice breeding programs. To generate useful information for the development of early-maturing rice cultivars, our future work will focus on analyzing the effect of different OsPRR37 alleles on heading date and other major agronomic traits.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Background : Tinnitus is common disorder with many possible causes and a symptom of many different diseases but has no effective treatment. Most of tinnitus patients experience the disorder to a degree that their quality of life and productivity are impaired. Especially tinnitus accompanied hearing loss causes severe discomfort in patients. Objectives : 1. Through symptoms of tinnitus, we tried to find out the relationship of Heo-sil(虛實) and Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) among tinnitus patients accompanied Hearing Loss. 2. By testing THI, we tried to evaluate the quality of life of tinnitus patients group and tried to compare the quality of life between high-narrow tone and low-wide tone tinnitus patients group. 3. In the future, this study was planned to help monitor the prognosis and determine the progress of treatment for tinnitus patients who also have hearing loss. Methods : 43 patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus accompanied hearing loss. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI). Results : 1. In tinnitus patients, there were more men than women accompanied hearing loss. The rate of visits was higher as the age increased. 2. Most of the patients who visited the hospital had sensitive hearing loss. 3. In high-narrow tone tinnitus group, phlegm fire congesting-type are more uncomfortable than spleen-stomach weakness-type. 4. In low-wide tone tinnitus group, liver qi depression was the most uncomfortable. Conclusions : The present study suggests that tinnitus pattern may be helpful in differentiating patients with tinnitus, and the effectiveness of treatment can be predicted through differentiation. Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) and Distinguishing between Heo(虛) and Sil(實) is expected to have positive effects on tinnitus accompanied hearing loss treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.545-559
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and examine the relationship between the number of lost teeth and quality of life (QoL) among elderly. Methods: Papers published in Korean and English between 2000 and 2020 were searched. Relevant papers were selected by two independent readers according to predefined exclusion criteria. Quality assessment and consistency tests were conducted using ROBIS. Results: Twelve of the 854 studies were targeted, and the analysis confirmed that tooth loss was related to a decrease in the QoL in 11 studies. Tooth loss negatively affected the QoL among the elderly. However, one study indicated that the QoL and number of teeth were not related. Rather, dry mouth affected the QoL, and cavities caused by oral dryness led to tooth loss. Most of the selected studies indicated that the QoL of elderly individuals with a single tooth was higher than that of those with no teeth. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that tooth loss in the elderly is associated with impairment of QoL.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The increase in the rearing intensity of pigs has caused deterioration in the pig house's internal environment such as temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and so on. Traditionally, the widely used method to control the internal environment was through the manipulation of the ventilation system. However, the conventional ventilation system had a limitation to control the internal environment, prevent livestock disease, save energy, and reduce odor emission. To overcome this problem, the air-recirculated ventilation system was suggested. This system has a semi-closed loop ventilation type. For designing this system, it was essential to evaluate the ventilation rates considering the pressure loss of ducts. Therefore, in this study, pressure loss calculation and experiment were conducted for the quantitative ventilation design of a semi-closed loop system. The results of the experiment showed that the inlet through which external air flows should always be opened. In addition, it was also found that for the optimum design of the semi-closed loop ventilation system, it was appropriate to install a damper or a backflow prevention device rather than a ventilation fan.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.879-889
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• 2014

In this study, to estimate loss of life considered flood characteristics using the relationship derived from analysis of historical dam break cases and the factors determining loss of life, the loss of life module applying in LIFESim and loss of life estimation by means of a mortality function were suggested and applicability for domestic dam watershed was examined. The flood characteristics, such as water depth, flow velocity and arrival time were simulated by FLDWAV model and flood risk area were predicted by using inundation depth. Based on this, the effects of warning, evacuation and shelter were considered to estimate the number of people exposed to the flood. In order to estimate fatality rates based on the exposed population, flood hazard zone is assigned to three different zones. Then, total fatality numbers were predicted after determining lethality or mortality function for each zone. In the future, the prediction of loss of life due to dam break floods will quantitatively evaluate flood risk and employ to establish flood mitigation measures at downstream applying probabilistic flood scenarios.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 1999

Myo-inositol monophosphate phosphatase is a key enzyme in the phosphoinositide cell-signaling system. Incubation of myo-inositol monophosphate phosphatase from porcine brain with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of $3.8{\times}10^3\;M^{-1}min^{-1}$. The time course of the reaction was significantly affected by the substrate myo-inositol-1-phosphate, which afforded complete protection against the loss of catalytic activity. Spectrophotometric studies indicated that about one oxindole group per molecule of enzyme was formed following complete loss of enzymatic activity. It is suggested that the catalytic function of myo-inositol monophosphate phosphatase is modulated by the binding of NBS to a specific tryptophan residue at or near the substrate binding site of the enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2018

The sound insulation capacity of a barrier is indicated by its transmission loss. In this study, the sound transmission loss of a sound barrier filled with rice-straw particles was measured by the transfer function method and a laboratory measurement method. The results of the two measurements were compared. The transmission losses measured by the two methods were similar above a frequency of 500 Hz. The loss increased greatly upon the introduction of a plywood to the sound barrier. The results of this study are expected to be used to design sound barriers for roads.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find how the factors of "Grief of loss" affect on the subjective well-being of elderly('the satisfaction with life', 'the positive affect', 'the negative affect). One hundred of subjects, over age 65, participated in the survey and we could find that the "Grief of loss" was composed of four sub-factors('economical loss', 'loss from being parted by death', 'loss of physical functions', 'loss of relations'). These four sub-factors of "Grief of loss" showed negative correlations with the scores of the satisfaction with life. However, three other sub-factors except 'loss from being parted by death' showed negative correlations with the scores of 'the positive affect'. On the other hand, other three sub-factors except 'economical loss' showed positive correlations with the scores of 'the negative affect'. Especially, the 'economical loss' was affecting on 'the negative affect' and 'the positive affect' significantly. Also, 'loss of relations' was affecting on both 'the negative affect' and 'the satisfaction with life''. Two out of the four sub-factors, 'economical loss' and 'loss from being parted by death', showed no significant effects on the subjective well-being. This results insists us that the emotional supports, especially from their offspring, are truly important for elderly to overcome their Grief of loss('loss of physical functions', 'loss of relations')

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.332-340
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal cooking time by considering the cooking loss, shear force, and off-odor reduction of pork large intestines. Commercial pork large intestines were purchased, quartered perpendicularly, and cooked in boiling water for 40, 120, 180, and 240 min. Cooking loss of the samples increased after 240 min of cooking (10.92, p<0.05) while shear force value was lower at 240 min (4.45) compared to that at other cooking times (p<0.001). The amount of major volatile organic compounds showed a decreasing trend with increasing cooking time. In particular, the amount of methyl pentanoate (17,528.71) and methyl isobutyrate (812.51), compounds with a relatively low odor threshold, decreased significantly after 120 min of cooking and no change was observed thereafter (p<0.05). In addition, the amount of 2-pentanol (3,785.65) and 1-propanol (622.26), possibly produced by lipid oxidation, significantly decreased at the same cooking time (p<0.001). In the principal component analysis, only the 40 min cooking time was significantly different from other cooking time by high amounts of 1-propanol, 2-pentanol, and methyl isobutyrate. In conclusion, in the present study, the optimal cooking time for pork large intestines was 120 min in terms of off-odor reduction, cooking loss, and shear force.