• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.781-784
• /
• 2014

Background: Although the cause in most cases of childhood leukemia is not known, the contribution of environmental risk factors in the context of genetic predisposition has been reported with inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to examine association of childhood leukemia with maternal factors especially during pregnancy, to help in avoiding risk factors. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included children younger than 18 years diagnosed with leukemia from 2008 to 2012. Controls were randomly selected and individually matched to cases with respect to age, sex, and residency. All variables were compared between cases and control to determine any significant association with leukemia. Results: Statistically significant associations between risk of childhood leukemia with mother's education (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.0005) and pesticides exposure (p=0.005) during pregnancy were found. However, there were no significant links with maternal age (p=0.090), history of fetal loss (0.85), history of radiography during pregnancy (p=0.400), history of drug intake (p=0.689) and infection (p=0.696) during pregnancy. Conclusions: The results showed increased risk of leukemia in children whose mothers were working in agriculture and were exposed to pesticides during pregnancy. The further study needs to be investigated to know association of various maternal risk factors with leukemia which remained unknown in this study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2001

The post-LOCA long term cooling (LTC) performance of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNPP) is analyzed for both small break loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA) and large break LOCA at cold leg. The RELAP5/MOD3.2.2 beta code is used to calculate the LTC sequences based on the LTC plan of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants (KSNPP). A standard input model is developed such that LOCA and the followed LTC sequence can be calculated in a single run for both small break LOCA and large break LOCA. A spectrum of small break LOCA ranging from \ulcorner.02 to 0.5 k2 of break area and a double-ended guillotine break are analyzed. Through the code calculations, the thermal-hydraulic behavior and the boron behavior are evaluated and the effect of the important action including the safety injection tank (SIT isolation and the simultaneous injection in LTC procedure is investigated. As a result, it is found that the sufficient margin is available in avoiding the boron precipitation in the core. It is also found that a further specific condition for the SIT isolation action need to be setup and it is recommended that the early initiation of the simultaneous injection be taken for larger break LTC sequences.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.187-199
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of sexual life among Korean women with breast cancer. Methods: Data were collected by focus group and individual tape-recorded interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants were 13 women who had stage I, II, or III breast cancer. Four major categories were discovered. "Not interested in sexual life at all" in which participants described their struggle to live while avoiding sexual life during initial stages of disease. "Sexual life that could not go back to previous normal life" in which participants described how they began to recognize many problems related to their sexual life resulting from the loss of femininity and pain during intercourse. "Dangerous marriage due to no sexual life" in which participants illustrated how no or unsatisfactory sexual life threatened their entire marriage and family life. Finally, "rediscovery of sexual life as a vital element in life" in which participants described how, with support from their spouse, they came to realize that sexual life was an important and vital part of their life. Conclusions: The results of this study could help in developing-educational programs to improve sexual well-being of women with breast cancer and their spouses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2013

Glaucoma is a potentially blinding chronic disease requiring life-long commitment to medical therapy. Failure to adhere to anti-glaucoma treatment may lead to disease progression and visual loss. This study surveyed the adherence to glaucoma eye drop and eye drop instillation technique of glaucoma patients and analyzed the improvement of the adherence and installation technique after patient education for eye drop instillation instructions. Collected responses were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, or one sample proportion test. The survey after patient education for proper eye drop instillation revealed that, even if the patients experienced the adverse effect of their eyes getting dry, they used the eye drop more regularly. They were better at instillation techniques like putting the eye drop inside the eye, and also avoiding applying too much medication or touching their eye with the eye drop bottle. Also, when the patients were divided into groups based on etiologic division, there was difference among groups regarding which category they answered has improved. The result showed improvement in adherence to glaucoma eye drop and eye drop instillation technique after patient education, implicating that patient education is an important aspect of eye care for glaucoma patient and helps them participate in the proper management.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.9C no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2002

MPLS(Multiprotocol Label Switching) is regarded as a core technology for migrating to the next generation Internet. In this paper, we propose an dynamic flow admission control supporting DiffServ(Differentiated Services) to provide QoS in MPLS networks. Our proposed model dynamically adjusts the amount of admissible traffic based on transmittable capacity over one outgoing port. It then transmits the Packets while avoiding congested area resulting traffic loss. Ingress LSRs find out the congested area by collecting network state information at QoS state update for QoS routing table. Our Proposed model manages the resource efficiently by protecting the waste of resources that is a critical Problem of DiffServ and makes much more flows enter the network to be served.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.451-464
• /
• 2018

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process and a broad clinical phenotype compared to classical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), sharing features with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T1DM. Since patients affected by LADA are initially insulin independent and recognizable only by testing for islet-cell autoantibodies, it could be difficult to identify LADA in clinical setting and a high misdiagnosis rate still remains among patients with T2DM. Ideally, islet-cell autoantibodies screening should be performed in subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM, ensuring a closer monitoring of those resulted positive and avoiding treatment of hyperglycaemia which might increase the rate of ${\beta}-cells$ loss. Thus, since the autoimmune process in LADA seems to be slower than in classical T1DM, there is a wider window for new therapeutic interventions that may slow down ${\beta}-cell$ failure. This review summarizes the current understanding of LADA, by evaluating data from most recent studies, the actual gaps in diagnosis and management. Finally, we critically highlight and discuss novel findings and future perspectives on the therapeutic approach in LADA.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effect of low temperature and ripeness stages on fruit quality of chilli pepper (cv. Nockgwang) during storage at 5, 7, and $10^{\circ}C$. Fruits at three ripeness stages were selected based on uniform fruit size and three maturities on peel color: S1 (fully developed fruit just before the onset of ripening), S2 (fruits in the onset of color change), and S3 (fruits in completely red in color). Lower temperature attributed to increase fruit weight loss (WL) and WL was higher in S2 than the other ripeness stages. The highest respiration rate and ethylene production was found at S2 fruit while those of fruit in green and red showed similar and remained lower level during storage. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was higher as storage temperature decreased. After 28 d storage, EL rates of fruits at $5^{\circ}C$ were 43, 36, and 17% in S1, S2, and S3 while those at $10^{\circ}C$ were 17, 19, and 14%, respectively. These results show that chilli pepper fruits are tended to lose more water at lower temperature partially associated with increased EL. Thus, threshold storage temperature must be considered for avoiding chilling during storage and for extending the storage life of fresh pepper fruits.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2023

In Korea, open burning of agricultural residues is prevalent due to inadequate collection systems, which have caused environmental impacts such as GHGs and particulates. This illegal treatment of agricultural residues also results in economic loss, considering that agricultural residues can be utilized as resources such as pellets and energy sources. To understand the effect of avoiding open burning, this study evaluated the economic, environmental, and social effects of two alternative management options for agricultural residues: incineration and pelletizing. The study estimates the potential amount and dry weight by region for 18 items, taking various factors into account. Regarding the economic aspect, pelletizing facilities in all regions in Korea create economic benefits. This study shows that most regions have an environmental advantage by pelletizing residues. However, incineration creates more environmental benefits than pelletizing in metropolitan cities with relatively low density of residues. It is expected that the environmental, economic, and social findings of this study can be used to inform policies for bioenergy as the need for agricultural residue increases.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.352-356
• /
• 2014

Various studies have been done to improve the properties of the steel by adding boron to the steel. Some studies have reported on the analysis of the boron in steel by AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry), ICP-OES(inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry). The volatile loss of boron of steel in sample digestion and the separation procedure for avoiding matrix effect by high concentration of iron are difficulties for determination of boron in steel. The method to determine boron in steel by ICP-MS was developed without volatilization of boron in sample digestion step with $HNO_3-NH_4HF_2$ digestion method, and the additional separation process for avoiding matrix effect. Complete decomposition of steel with $HNO_3-NH_4HF_2$ digestion method, and boron determination by ICP-MS in the matrix of high concentration of iron were possible. Quantitative recoveries of boron in certified standard steel by new method in this study were 103 to 111%, and the relative standard deviation is less than 5%. The method detection limit was $1.17{\mu}g/g$.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.697-708
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we study reactive congestion control with priority in ATM network. The priority schemes for buffer access, partial buffer sharing have been investigated in order to improve the utilization of ATM network resources the network and to satisfy the most demanding traffic class. We consider in this paper a discrete-time queueing model for partial buffer sharing with two Markov modulated Poisson inputs. This model can be used to analyze the the effects of the partial buffer sharing priority scheme on system performance for realistic cases of bursty services. Explicit formulae are derived for the number of cells in the system and the loss probabilities for the traffic. Congestion may still occur because of unpredictable statistical fluctuation of traffic sources even when preventive control is performed in the network. In this Paper, we study reactive congestion control, in which each source changes its cell emitting rate a daptively to the traffic load at the switching node. Our intention is that,by incorporating such a congcstion control method in ATM network,more efficient congsestion control is established. We develope an analytical model,and carry out an approximateanalysis of reactive congestion con-trol with priority.Numerical results show that several orders of magnitude improvement in the loss probability can be achieved for the high priority class with little impact on the low priority class performance.And the results show that the reactive congestion control with priority are very effective in avoiding congestion and in achieving the statistical gain.