• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.299-306
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• 2001

Crushed Stone Pile(CSP) is one of the ground improvement methods available to loose sand and clayey ground by forming compacted CSP in the weak soil layer. The effects of this method are enhancement of ground bearing capacity, reduction of settlement and prevention of lateral ground movement in cohesive layer, reduction of liquefaction potential in sandy ground. This study performs model tests in 1.0m${\times}$1.0m${\times}$1.0m and 1.5m${\times}$1.5m${\times}$l.2m model tank to observe bearing capacity of CSP treated ground. The area replacement ratio of CSP composite ground varies 20%, 30% and 40% with square grid pattern. After the composite ground was consolidated under pressure of 0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 1.0kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, load tests were carried out. The results show that ultimate bearing capacity increases with area replacement ratio and the preconsolidation pressure of ground.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2019

It has been only a few years since drones have been introduced to Korea, and as the use of drones has increased in industrial sites as well as in hobby activities, accidents such as workers' body parts coming into contact with rotating propellers have been occurring since 2016. Industrial accident cases are being filed. In the case of a remote control vehicle, if you release the remote controller in the event of an abnormal situation, it stops in place and no further danger occurs but in case of drones flying over the sky is different. Sudden motor stops during flight, uncontrolled changes in flight posture, loss of radio waves, loose propeller, etc, numerous factors can lead to accidents due to unintentional movements. Therefore, drone operators need safety knowledge as well as high knowledge about drones. However, drones with a weight of less than 12 kg can fly without a pilot's certification, and therefore, a minimum accident prevention measure is required. 10 accidents approved as industrial accidents since 2016, 23 accidents surveyed by general drone operator, 40 accidents surveyed by the Korean Consumer Resources Unfortunately for the purpose of writing this paper, drones are a new species and do not have many parameters for analysis but my experience has shown that the type of disaster does not deviate significantly. In addition, there is no paper that analyzes drone related industrial accidents not only in Korea but also in other countries. However, even if you watch an overseas drone accident video through YouTube, it is not much different from the case that occurs in Korea. I hope that this study will be of little help to all the drone pilots as well as the work safety of industrial drones used in industrial sites.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.240-272
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• 2009

Recently, as Foot and Mouth disease(FMD) outbreaks in South-East Asia, Taiwan, China, we cannot loose our tense to sustain our FMD free country status. And we have increasing possibility of disease inflow because of continual outbreaks of FMD type A, O and Asia 1 in neighbored countries, foreign visitor and foreign workers. So we have to be urgently ready for strengthen surveillance, early-report and early-diagnosis. So the most important things in epidemic control of livestock are co-work between central and local epidemic control office and field epidemic control. However, potential risk for FMD recurrence and sporadic occurrence of epidemic disease still threaten our livestock farmhouse, so we have to be ready for bio-security against these threatening. For these reasons, I will introduce the concept, etiology and epidemiology of disease and investment/ analysis of health management standard of main animals like cattle and pig which is applied to the inside and outside of country. With these references, we have to manage livestock health management thoroughly by establishing livestock health management standard and notifying special veterinarian and livestock farmer of these standard. Later on, prevention and quarantine of epidemic outbreak and establishing livestock health management standard should be undertaken primarily for sustainable growth and stability of livestock farm industry.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2222-2229
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• 2023

Radon and radon progeny being natural radioactive pollutants, seriously affect the health of uranium miners. Radon reduction by ventilation is an essential means to improve the working environment. Firstly, the relational model is built between the radon exhalation rate of the loose body and the ventilation parameters in the stope with radon percolation-diffusion migration dynamics. Secondly, the model parameters of radon exhalation dynamics are uncertain and described by triangular membership functions. The objective functions of the left and right equations of the radon exhalation model are constructed according to different possibility levels, and their extreme value intervals are obtained by the immune particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO). The fuzzy target and fuzzy constraint models of radon exhalation are constructed, respectively. Lastly, the fuzzy aggregation function is reconstructed according to the importance of the fuzzy target and fuzzy constraint models. The optimal control decision with different possibility levels and importance can be obtained using the swarm intelligence algorithm. The case study indicates that the fuzzy aggregation function of radon exhalation has an upward trend with the increase of the cut set, and fuzzy optimization provides the optimal decision-making database of radon treatment and prevention under different decision-making criteria.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.146-177
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the teeth and Zhang-Fu(臟腑), dental diseases, and the hygiene of the mouth through the literature of oriental medicine. First, the relatonship between the teeth and Zhang-Fu is reviewed as follows: The teeth are influenced by Shen(腎) because they are the end of bone and Biao(標) of Shen. Gingiva is related to Wei(胃) and Da-Chang(大腸) because it is passed by Yangming-Channel(陽明經). The growth and nutrition of teeth depends on Shen. The pathological condition of Shen causes the gingival atrophy, the loose of teeth, dedentition due to aging, withering of teeth, and tartar: whereas the pathological condition of Wei and Da-Chang causes toothache, gingivitis, inflamed gums, bad breath, and gingival hemorrhage. Second, the causes and therapies of dental diseases through the literature can be summarized as follows: The major causes of toothache are the pathogenic condition of wind-heat and wind-cold, the heat syndrome of Wei, the damp-heat of intestine, flaring-up of fire of deficiency type, rotten tooth, etc... The principal causes of dedentition and the shaking and loose of teeth are the deficiency of Shen, and the rest of causes are the damp-heat of Yangming. Gingival atrophy is caused by the deficiency of Shen, whereas the gingival hemorrhage comes from the factors in the pathogenic factor of wind-heat of Yangming-Channel, the heat syndrome of stomach, and the deficiency of Shen. The causes of grinding of teeth during sleeping are stomach-heat, and the delayed dentition and the withering result from the deficiency of Shen-Jing.(腎精) The principal therapies of toothache are removing wind and heat, clearing away heat and prompting diuresis, clearing away the stomach-heat, replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, relieving superficial syndrome by wind-cold, and alleviating pain by destroying parasites. For the prescription of the principal therapies, there are Xijio Dihuang Tang, Jiajian Ganlu Yin, Qufeng Wan, Qingwei San, Tiaowei Chenggi Tang Shengong Wan, Liangge San Qingwei Tang Yunu Jian, Liuwei Dihuang Wan Zuogui Yin Bawei Wan Wanshao Dan, Xixin San Badou Wan Gianghuo Fuzi Tang, Jiuzi Tang Badou Wan, etc... The therapies of dedentition and the shaking and loose of teeth are replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, and warming and recuperating the Shen-Yang: as the prescription, there are Liuwei Dihuang Wana Zuogui Yin, and Bawei Wan Anshen Wan Wanshao Dan Yougui Wan etc... The therapies of gingival hemorrhage are clearing away the stomach-heat, replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, warming and recuperating the Shen-Yang(腎陽), and moisturing and purging intence heat with the prescription of Tiaowei Chenggi Tang Xijiao Dihuang Tang, Liuwei Dihuang Wan Zuogui Yin, Bawei Wan Anshen Wan, and Yunu Jian. The therapy of gingival atrophy is replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen in the prescription of Liuwei Wan Bawei Wan Ziyin Dabu Wan. The therapies of grinding of teeth during sleeping are clearing away the stomach-heat and purging intense heat, and invigorating the spleen through eliminating dampness in the prescription of Qingwei San, Wumei Wan, etc... The therapy of delaed dentition is replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen with the prescription of Liuwei Wan Buyin Jian, etc... Third, clinical treatment reports of dental diseases are reviewed as follows: The toothache due to stomach-heat was treated by medical herbs like Gypsum, Natrir Sulfas, Rehmanniae, Schizonepetal Herba, Menthae Folium, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and Scrophulariae Radix. The therapies of toothache due to flaring-up of fire in deficiency type from deficiency of Shen provided with replenishment of vital essence to tonify the Shen and clean ministerial fire, and the prescription was the kind of Liuwei Wan, which worked very well. The therapy of dedentition and loose of teeth due to deficiency of Shen was done to stablize the teeth as tonifing the Shen with the prescription of Guchi Wan. The rate of imrovement was over 90%. The destruction of periodontal tissue due to periodonititis was cured of dispelling wind, reducing heat, and alleviating pain, It was improved by taking Zizhi Xingiong Tang, Guchi Xiaotong San, Yunii Jian, and Qingwei San about 3-7 days, and the rate of improvement was over 80%. Fourth, the prevention and regimens are reviewed as follows: As a physical and breathing exercise of the teeth, tapping teeth which stimulates the circulation of Qi(氣) and Xue(血) had been used. The tapping time of 14, 17, 36, etc... has been reported, and it should be applied based on the body condition. The medical herbs for gargling and brushing teeth have been used. Specifically, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Gypsum, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Indigo pulrelrata Lereis have been used to reduce heat, Coptidis Rhizama and Yang Jinggu to eliminate damp-heat, Amomi Semen, Cyperi Rhizoma, Flos Caryophylli, Asari Radix, Piperis Longi Fructus, Santali Albae Lignum, Meliae Fructus, Moschus, Aquillaiae Lignum, and Borneol to promote the circulation of Qi and to relieve pain, Ligustici Radix, Angelice Radix, Rhizoma Nardostachydis, Tribuli Semen to relieve superficial syndrome by means of diaphiresis, and Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae sinensis Radix, and Olibanum to promote blood circulation to stop pain.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제50호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2017

최근 중대한 테러범죄를 범한 자들의 특징은 특정 테러조직(ex. IS)의 직접적 지휘체계에 속한 것이 아니라, 테러조직의 프로파간다에 감화되거나, 기존 사회에서 적응하지 못한 자들이 IS를 비롯한 국제테러조직의 느슨한 형태의 지휘하에서 테러범죄를 범했다는 점이다. 또한 테러범죄자가 테러범죄를 범하려는 경우 취약한 연성목표물에 너무나도 쉽게 접근할 수 있음은 이미 널리 알려진 사실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지하철에서의 테러대응 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 우선적으로 지하철 내에서 테러예방은 사전 예방의 법리가 중요함에도 불구하고 지하철 경찰대 및 철도특별사법경찰관만으로 이를 담당하기에는 물리적 한계가 있어 개선방안이 필요함을 확인했지만, 일각에서 제시되는 바와 같이 지하철 보안관에게 사법경찰권을 부여하는 것은 타당하지 않고 사법적 행정적 통제가 이루어지는 독립 보안부서를 설치하는 방안에 대해 검토하였다. 또한 지하철 운영기관에서 핵심 보직자에 대한 채용 배속시 신원조사를 통한 지하철의 안전을 제고하는 방안에 대해 검토했다. 더 나아가 테러방지법상 테러예방을 위해 설치되는 전담조직에 공항, 항만 등처럼 지하철 테러의 특성을 고려할 수 있는 테러대책 협의회의 신설이 필요함을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 테러대응 기관의 권한 강화는 필연적으로 국민의 기본권을 제한할 우려가 있기 때문에 이들의 활동에 비례성의 원칙을 준수해야 함을 다시 한 번 강조하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1986

Pericardial adhesions following open heart surgery pose a special problems, increasing the risk of cardiac reoperation because of the danger of damaging the heart, coronary artery and veins, or grafts and also the fibrous tissue may obliterate the pericardial space and eventually constrict the heart. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of intrapericardial urokinase and dextran 40 on the formation of pericardial adhesions in an animal model. latrogenic traumas on the pericardium were surgically induced in 30 rabbits, simulating injuries possible during actual surgery. In all rabbits, blood [1 ml] was obtained from an ear vessel and injected into the pericardium. Control group of ten rabbits did not receive any further medication, urokinase group of ten received 15, 000-20, 000 IU of urokinase, and remained ten received 1 ml of 10% dextran 40. All rabbits were sacrificed at 4 weeks. At autopsy, the development of adhesions were graded as none [Grade I], minimal [Grade II], moderate [Grade III], and severe [Grade IV]. Histological studies of the parietal pericardium and epicardium were performed. The results were as follows: 1. Group 1[Control group] showed minimal adhesion in 40%, moderate in 50%, and severe in 10% of the group. Sharp dissections were necessary in 60% of adhesions. 2. Group II [Dextran group] showed no adhesions in 20%, minimal in 60%, and moderate in 20% of the group. 3. Group III [Urokinase group] showed no adhesions in 40%, minimal in 40%, and moderate in 20% of the group. Considering in this group, the adhesion activity was significantly suppressed [60% adhesions] compared to the control group [100% adhesions] [P < 0.05]. 4. Histological findings revealed mild serosal fibrosis in none adherent group, loose fibrous connections between two layers of pericardium in minimal adhesion group, tight fibrous connections in moderate adhesion group, and marked fibrous thickening and close attachment of two surfaces were noted in severe adhesion group. These data have revealed the decreased incidence of pericardial adhesions with urokinase and dextran 40.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency pattern. Methods: Reports published in Korea and China related to spleen qi deficiency pattern were selected. Assessments of selected references were performed to select major symptoms of spleen qi deficiency pattern. Korean translation and review by a Korean linguist were performed to create a draft of [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)]. The final [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)] was completed after assessment on inclusion or exclusion, on importance of items and on validity of translation by an expert committee, consisting of professors from the National College of Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions: 1. 14 major symptoms were selected by frequency from 45 references which were related to standard identification of spleen qi deficiency pattern, translated into Korean and reviewed by a Korean linguist. 2. 11 symptoms were selected after assessment on inclusion yes or no by the expert group. Items were listed in order of importance: tiredness of extremities (肢体倦怠), sallow complexion (面色萎黃), reduced appetite (食欲减退), abdominal distension after eating (腹胀食後尤甚), inability to eat (納少), pale tongue and white fur (舌淡苔白), lethargy (神疲), emaciation (消瘦), loose stool (大便溏薄), shortness of breath and reluctance to speak (少氣懶言), and weak pulse (脈緩弱). 3. Final [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)] was completed after assessment of translation validity, reflection of individual opinions by the expert committee, and application of weighted value computed from assessment on importance of items.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2022

지진으로부터 상대적으로 안전지대라고 여겨졌던 한반도에서 2017년 규모 5.4의 강진이 포항지역에 발생함으로써 액상화 현상이 민가, 농지에서 광범위하게 나타났고 이에 액상화 현상을 예측하는 액상화 재해도 작성에 관한 연구수요가 높아지고 있다. 액상화 현상이란 느슨한 사질토에서 지진과 같은 큰 동적응력이 짧은 시간 작용할 때 과잉간극수압의 급격한 증가로 지반의 강도가 완전히 상실되는 현상을 의미한다. 액상화는 액상화 가능지수(liquefaction potential index, LPI)를 통해 평가할 수 있지만 LPI는 단일 시추공 별로 산출되기 때문에 해당지역의 대표성에 대한 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 대표성의 문제는 지리정보시스템(geographic information system, GIS)을 활용한 공간보간을 통해 보완될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지구통계학적인 공간보간 기법 중 하나인 크리깅(kriging)을 활용하여 지반정보의 대표성 문제를 해결하고자 하였으며 액상화 평가를 위한 지반정보DB를 구축하고자 하였다. 또한 구축된 지반정보DB를 활용하여 재현주기 별 액상화 재해도를 작성하였으며 액상화 재해도 결과는 교차검증을 통하여 정밀도 검증을 수행하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

목 적 : 본 연구는 발열성 요로감염으로 입원한 영아에서 항생제 연관 설사(Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea, 이하 AAD)의 양상 및 연관인자를 조사하였다. 이 연구는 영아 AAD의 예방과 치료에 사용되는 생균제에 대한 기초 연구이다. 방 법 : 가천의대길병원에서 2008년 1월부터 2010년 9월 사이에 급성 발열성 요로감염으로 입원한 생후 3-6개월의 영아들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 AAD를 보인 환자(AAD군)와 보이지 않은 환자(non-AAD군)를 비교하였다. AAD군 내에서 사용한 항생제 요법과 용량, 설사의 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 총 147명 중 AAD군은 54명(36.7%)이었고, 이 중 3세대 세팔로스포린($3^{rd}$ CS) 단일요법군, $3^{rd}$ CS과 비세팔로스포린 혼합요법군, 비세팔로스포린 혼합요법군 간의 설사의 발현 시점, 지속기간 및 횟수의 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). AAD군과 non-AAD군과의 cefotaxime 사용량의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 생후 3-6개월 영아의 발열성 요로감염 환자에서 AAD는 항생제의 요법과 평상적 투여량 범위내에서 용량에 관계없이 흔하게 발생하였다. 영아 AAD의 예방과 치료에 사용되는 생균제의 효과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.