• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2003

이 연구는 소 비육후기에 칼슘제(석회석)를 첨가하지 않은 사료의 급여가 성장율, 근내지방도 및 혈청 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($1,25(OH)_2D_3$) 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 거세 한우 24두(20${\sim}$24개월령)를 12두씩 대조구(석회석 2.5% 함유 농후사료)와 칼슘제 무첨가구(석회석 0%)로 배치하여 223일 동안 사료(농후사료 및 오차드그라스 건초)와 물을 무제한 급여하였고, 사양시험이 완료된 후 도축하여 육질을 평가하였다. 혈청 $Ca^{2+}$, Ca 및 P 함량에는 처리 간 차이가 없었으나 (P>0.05), 1,25(OH)2D3 함량은 시험 시작 후 2 또는 6개월째 모두 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 (각각 78.3 vs 51.7 또는 80.3 vs 51.1 pg/mL) 높았다 (P<0.01). 칼슘제를 첨가하지 않은 사료를 급여한 비육우가 대조구보다 농후사료 섭취량은 증가하고 건초 섭취량은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 일당증체량은 대조구보다 칼슘제 무첨가구에서 높았다(P<0.01). 등심단면적(82.8 vs 77.2 $cm^2$), 근내지방도(5.1 vs 2.2) 및 지방 함량(10.2 vs 6.7%)이 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 높았고 (P<0.05), 수분 함량(67.6 vs 70.4%)은 낮았다 (P < 0.05). 등심 육색, pH 및 보수력에서는 처리 간 차이가 없었으나 전단력에서는 칼슘제 무첨가구에서 (2.9 vs 3.2 kg/1.27-cm diameter core) 약간 낮게 (P = 0.08) 나타났다. 관능평가에서는 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 연도 (4.9 vs 4.5) 및 향미(4.9 vs 4.6)가 약간 개선되었으나 (P<0.05) 다즙성에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 본 연구결과는 비육후기에 칼슘제(석회석)를 첨가하지 않은 사료의 급여는 에너지 섭취의 증가 또는 1,25$(OH)_2D_3$의 합성 촉진을 통하여, 근내지방합성이 증가되어 성장율 및 근내지방도를 개선한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2005

By screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from the longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire and their Yorkshire female parents, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. In the present work we investigated two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, in a resource population derived from crossing Chinese Meishan and Large White pig. The selected pigs were genotyped by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with thorax-waist backfat thickness (p<0.05), buttock backfat thickness (p<0.05), average backfat thickness (p<0.05), loin eye height (p<0.05), loin eye area (p<0.05), carcass length to 1$^{st}$ spondyle (p<0.01) and carcass length to 1st rib (p<0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with loin eye width (p<0.05), loin eye area (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2014

This study investigated changes in gene expression by dietary fat source, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil, and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), in both male and female growing-finishing pigs. Real-time PCR was conducted on seven genes (insulin receptor; INSR, insulin receptor substrate; IRS, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; PIP3, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1; PDK1, protein kinase B; Akt, forkhead box protein O1; FOXO1 and cGMP-inhibited 3', 5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase; PDE3) located upstream of the insulin signaling pathway in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of pigs. The INSR, IRS, PIP3, and PDE3 genes showed significantly differential expression in barrow pigs. Expression of the PIP3 and FOXO1 genes was significantly different among the four dietary groups in gilt pigs. In particular, the PIP3 gene showed the opposite expression pattern between barrow and gilt pigs. These results show that dietary fat source affected patterns of gene expression according to animal gender. Further, the results indicate that the type of dietary fat affects insulin signaling-related gene expression in the LM of pigs. These results can be applied to livestock production by promoting the use of discriminatory feed supplies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of ultrasound measurements for longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) in Hanwoo cows (N = 3,062) at the ages between 18 and 42 months. Data were collected from 100 Hanwoo breeding farms in Gyeongbuk province, Korea, in 2007 and 2008. The cows were classified into four different age groups, i.e. 18 to 22 months (the first pregnancy period), 23 to 27 (the first parturition), 28 to 32 (the second pregnancy), and 33 to 42 (the second parturition), respectively. For each age group, a multi-trait animal model was used to estimate variance components and heritabilities of the three traits. The averages of LMA, BFT, and MS measurements across the cows of all age groups were 50.1 $cm^2$, 4.62 mm, and 3.04, respectively and heritability estimates were 0.09, 0.10, and 0.08 for the respective traits. However, when the data were analyzed in different age groups, heritability estimates of LMA and BFT were 0.24 and 0.47, respectively, for the cows of 18 to 22 months of age, and 0.21 for MS in the 28 to 32 months old cows. When the cows of all age groups were used, the estimates of genetic (phenotypic) correlations were 0.43 (0.35), -0.06 (0.34) and 0.21 (0.32) between LMA and BFT, LMA and MS, and BFT and MS, respectively. However, in the cow age group between 28 and 32 (18 and 22) months, the estimates of genetic (phenotypic) correlations were 0.05 (0.29), -0.15 (0.24) and 0.38 (0.24), for the respective pairs of traits. These results suggest that genetic, environmental, and phenotypic variations differ depending on cow age, such that care must be taken when ultrasound measurements are applied to selection of cows for meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1329-1333
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• 2004

To isolate the microsatellites from the chromosomal DNA of the Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and to use those for the genetic selection, four bacteriophage genomic libraries containing the chromosomal DNA of six Hanwoo steers showing the differences in meat quality and quantity were used. Screening of the genomic libraries using $^{32}P-radiolabeled 5'-({CA})_{12}-3$nucleotide as a probe, resulted in isolation of about 3,000 positive candidate bacteriophage clones that contain $(CA)_n$-type dinucleotide microsatellites. After confirming the presence of microsatellite in each positive candidate clone by Southern blot analysis, the DNA fragments that include microsatellite and flanking sequences possessing less than 2 kb in size, were subcloned into plasmid vector. Results from the analysis of microsatellite length polymorphism, using twenty-two PCR primers designed from flanking region of each microsatellite DNA, demonstrated that 208 and 210 alleles of HW-YU-MS#3 were closely related to the economic traits such as marbling score, daily gain, backfat thickness and M. longissimus dorsi area in Hanwoo. Interestingly, HW-YU-MS#3 microsatellite was localized in bovine chromosome 17 on which QTLs related to regulation of the body fat content and muscle ypertrophy locus are previously known to exist. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest the possible use of the two alleles as a DNA marker related to economic trait to select the Hanwoo in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1525-1528
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to detect SNPs that were responsible for a carcass trait in Hanwoo populations. A non-parametric model applying a restricted partition method (RPM) was used, which exploited a partitioning algorithm considering statistical criteria for multiple comparison testing. Phenotypic and genotypic data were obtained from the Hanwoo Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperation Federation, Korea, in which the pedigree structure comprised 229 steers from 16 paternal half-sib proven sires that were born in Namwon or Daegwanryong livestock testing station between spring of 2002 and fall of 2003. A carcass trait, longissimus dorsi muscle area for each steer was measured after slaughter at approximately 722 days. Three SNPs (19_1, 18_4 and 28_2) near the microsatellite marker ILSTS035 on BTA6, around which the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for meat quality were previously detected, were used in this study. The RPM analyses resulted in two significant interaction effects between SNPs (19_1 and 18_4) and (19_1 and 28_2) at ${\alpha}$ = 0.05 level. However, under a general linear (parametric) model no interaction effect between any pair of the three SNPs was detected, while only one main effect for SNP19_1 was found for the trait. Also, under another non-parametric model using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method, only one interaction effect of the two SNPs (19_1 and 28_2) explained the trait significantly better than the parametric model with the main effect of SNP19_1. Our results suggest that RPM is a good alternative to model choices that can find associations of the interaction effects of multiple SNPs for quantitative traits in livestock species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1061-1065
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing fatty acid (FA) composition in a large $F_2$ intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Methods: Eighteen FA composition traits were measured in more than 960 $F_2$ progeny. All experimental animals were genotyped with 165 microsatellite markers located throughout the pig autosomes. Results: We detected 112 QTLs for the FA composition; Forty seven QTLs reached the genome-wide significant threshold. In particular, we identified a cluster of highly significant QTLs for FA composition on SSC12. QTL for polyunsaturated fatty acid on pig chromosome 12 (F-value = 97.2 under additive and dominance model, nominal p-value $3.6{\times}10^{-39}$) accounted for 16.9% of phenotypic variance. In addition, four more QTLs for C18:1, C18:2, C20:4, and monounsaturated fatty acids on the similar position explained more than 10% of phenotypic variance. Conclusion: Our findings of a major QTL for FA composition presented here could provide helpful information to locate causative variants to improve meat quality traits in pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1432-1442
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of palm and/or linseed oil (LSO) supplementation on carcass quality, sensory evaluation and fatty acid profile of beef from crossbred Wagyu beef steers. Twenty four fattening Wagyu crossbred beef steers (50% Wagyu), averaging $640{\pm}18kg$ live weight (LW) and approximately 30 mo old, were stratified and randomly assigned in completely randomized design into 3 treatment groups. All steers were fed approximately 7 kg/d of 14% crude protein concentrate with ad libitum rice straw and had free access to clean water and were individually housed in a free-stall unit. The treatments were i) control concentrate plus 200 g/d of palm oil; ii) control concentrate plus 100 g/d of palm oil and 100 g/d of LSO, iii) control concentrate plus 200 g/d of LSO. This present study demonstrated that supplementation of LSO rich in C18:3n-3 did not influence feed intakes, LW changes, carcass and muscle characteristics, sensory and physical properties. LSO increased C18:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), however, it decreased C18:1t-11, C18:2n-6, cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acids, n-6 PUFA and n-6:n-3 ratio in Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and microbial quality of loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and top round (m. Semimembranosus) in Holstein veal produced from two slaughter age groups (5 and 8 months of age). A total of 20 Holstein calves were randomly selected from a local cattle farm. The slaughtered cold carcasses were vacuum-packaged. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition and physicochemical analyses and stored for 1, 7, 10, 20 and 30 days for microbiological analyses. Fat and protein contents of loin for the 8 month group were higher than those for the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). For both loin and top round muscles, the pH, cooking loss and the shear force values for the 5 month group was higher than those for the 8 month group (p < 0.05). On the other hands, the water-holding capacity (WHC) for the 8 month group was higher than those for the 5 month group (p < 0.05). In terms of meat color, CIE $L^*$ (lightness) for both muscle were higher in the 5 month group than in the 8 month groups. On the other hands, $a^*$ (redness) were higher in the 8 month group than in the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). Total aerobic counts in all samples remained up to 30 days at values less than 7 log CFU/g. However, there was no significant difference for both muscles between the two age groups. The results indicate that Holstein muscles from the 8 month group had desirable quality properties than those from the 5 month group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (VE), ferulic acid (FA) and their combination supplementation on meat quality and antioxidant capacities of finishing pigs. Sixty barrows were randomly allocated to four experimental diets using a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 VE supplemental levels (0 or 400 mg/kg) and 2 FA supplemental levels (0 or 100 mg/kg) in basal diets. After 28 days, six pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The results showed that VE supplementation increased loin eye area of pigs (p<0.05) and FA supplementation increased $pH_{45min}$ value (p<0.05). The interaction of $FA{\times}VE$ was observed in shear force of longissimus dorsi muscle (p<0.05). Moreover, supplementation with VE decreased hepatic and sarcous malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and sarcous glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (p<0.05). Additionally, supplementation with FA increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and decreased sarcous MDA content (p<0.05). However, dietary treatment did not affect the expression of genes related to nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) pathway. These results suggest that dietary FA and VE could partially improve meat quality and antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs, but not by activating NFE2L2 pathway under the normal conditions of farming.