• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.393-405
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• 1983

The demand for livestock and poultry products including beef, pork, chicken, egg and milk whose income elasticities are relatively higher than other staple foods, has been increased significantly during the past two decades in response to the remarkable increase in per capita GNP. This trend will be continued during the fifth and the sixth five year economic development plan period beginning with 1982. The annual GNP growth rate will be 7.5% on the average during the next 10 years. It is greatly needed to estimate the demand for beef, pork, chicken egg and milk and to study the feasibilities of domestic production of livestock products for the formulation of adequate policies in order to equate the consumption and the production during the 1980s. So this study reviewed the possible changes in the food consumption patterns during the 1980s, estimated the demand for beef, pork, chicken, egg and milk by using empirical demand functions and finally made suggestions for the formulation of long term price stabilization policies for each livestock, poultry and dairy products through the equilibrium of the quantity of demand for and supply of the products. There are many factors affecting the demand for meats, but this study considered own price, prices of supplements and substitutes and per capita income as the independent variables in the demand equations. It was found that it's own price and income were most significantly affecting factors among others and the degree of substitution effects were remarkably different among the products. According to the meat demand derived in this study, per capita consumption of beef, pork and chicken in the base year 1982 was 11.2kg for total meat, 2.5kg beef, 6.0kg pork and 2.5kg chicken, 106 pieces egg, 15.1kg milk respectively, while those in 1991 were 19.3kg for total meat, 4.8kg beef, 9.6kg pork, 4.9kg chicken, 133pieces egg and 44.1kg milk. It is also predicted through this study that, when the level of production costs be maintained, the domestic production of pork and chicken will meet the demand for them during the fifth and sixth five year economic plan period. However, there will be chronic shortage of beef supply during the coming years. The annual import requirement will be 30,000tons to 40,000tons during the period. In order to stabilize the domestic livestock and poultry and dairy products market, the government should introduce measures to curb the increase in beef consumption by encouraging the consumption of pork and chicken. For this, the livestock production policy measures should be concentrated on : 1) the improvement of infrastructures of beef production by introducing advanced feeding and management technology, subsidies for the establishment of facilities and price support programs for farmers : 2) the development of dairy beef : 3) the reinforcement of the forecast systems for pork and chicken production and consumption.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.228-249
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• 2018

In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 1991

A voltage measuring system specified for the voltage fluctuation of the Pusan-Hamada submarine cable is developed by adding circuits of differential amplification and analog-to-digital conversion to a microprocessor-based data logger with a data modem. This system is charaterized by its small size. no power failure. fully unmanned operation. and precise instrumental drift correction. In addition to the cable voltage and current it measures an ambient temperature and a mercury cell voltage in order to calibrate temperature effect and check its long-term stability. The data acquired by this system show that the voltage signal. comprising fast random noises with a constant width of about 0.2V. fluctuates within a range of about 1V and the fluctuation frequency is similar to that of tidal motion. The source voltage of power feeding equipment (PFE) for the cable system seems to be affected when the room temperature changes rapidly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.615-635
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• 1996

The animal industry must be environmentally sound to ensure its long-term sustainable growth. Livestock wastes mostly manure, can be a valuable resource as well as a potential hazard to environment. The first option of manure management is developing an 'environmentally sound' feeding program and feeds so there are less excreted nutrients that need to be managed. Once the manure is produced it can be best utilized as a fertilizer of a soil conditioner. In many countries the amount of manure that can be spread on land depends on the nutrient requirements of the crop being grown. The laws specify maximum application rates and not animal stocking rates. Farmer who reduce the N and P component of manure can release pressure on the environment without having to reduce the number of animals. There are alternative system for housing and manure treatment which generate manure that are easier to handle and have less pollutants or more economic value. Treated animal waste may also be used as a feedstuff or fuel source. Most of the options of waste management result in increased costs to implement. It is necessary to assess the economics in order to find an acceptable compromise between the increased costs and the benefit to the environment. Animal welfare is also becoming more and more of an issue and it will lead to systems where animals are kept in less confined environment. The new system will have a great impact in the waste management system in the future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.834-846
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• 2017

Aquaculture practices to ensure greater production, such as high density breeding and excessive feeding, are become stressors that raise the prevalence of diseases. Accordingly, increasingly large volumes of antibiotics are used more frequently each year. Long term use antibiotics can generate resistant bacteria, which interrupt treatments and cause a potential transfer to human bodies. Thus, antibiotic resistance is of importance in public health. Tetracycline (Tc) is one of the typical medicines used in the aquaculture drugs, which has a wide range of application including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the examination of 153 strains isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) farms located in Jeju in 2016, it turned out that a total of 84 strains were resistant to Tc or oxytetracycline (OTC). The extent to which the strains are resistant to Tc and OTC was confirmed through MIC test, mostly within the range of 25 to $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Twelve different types of tet genes were detected using single and multiplex PCR in the 84 Tc-resistant strains. The PCR was used to find tet(K), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S), which are known to exist primarily in gram positive strains. According to the results, - tet(S) is the most dominant gene in 49 strains of Streptococcus parauberis, accounting for 63.2%. And there were two strains that have two different types of resistant genes. The multiplex PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G), which are commonly found in gram-negative strains. Each of tet(B), tet(D), and tet(B)&(M) was found in a strain presumed to be Vibrio sp., and only tet(D) was found in 10 Edwardsiella tarda strains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1318-1328
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• 2011

The tropics is not an ideal location for calf rearing as the high temperatures and humidities introduce many potential disease problems to milk fed calves. In addition, the type of dairy farming (generally poorly resourced small holder farming) and the general lack of awareness of the long term implications of poorly reared stock do not encourage farmers to pay close attention to their calf and heifer rearing systems. Surveys of calf rearing systems in Asia, tropical Africa and South America highlight the high calf and heifer mortalities. A range of 15 to 25% pre-weaning calf mortality is typical on many tropical dairy farms. It is often as high as 50%, indicating very poor calf management. This contrasts with US findings of less than 8% mortality from birth to 6 months while surveys of Australian farmers report only 3% losses. Simple extension programs on farms in Sri Lanka and Kenya have drastically reduced calf mortalities and improved pre-weaning growth rates. Improved management strategies leading to lower calving intervals, higher calving rates, reduced still born and pre-weaned calf mortalities and fewer non pregnant heifers can supply many more dairy herd replacements than currently occurs. Such strategies can increase the number of replacement heifer calves in the herd from 15 to over 35%, thus allowing farmers to increase their herd sizes through natural increases. Simple management procedures such as ensuring adequate intake of good quality colostrum within the first 12 hours of life, housing and good hygiene to minimise disease transfer, providing clean drinking water, developing appropriate feeding protocols to encourage early rumen development and paying closer attention to climate control and animal health can all lead to improved calf vigour and performance. Good record keeping is also important so farmers can more easily identify susceptible calves and quickly treat potential problems.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2020

As the usage of mobile devices extremely increases, malicious mobile apps(applications) that target mobile users are also increasing. It is challenging to detect these malicious apps using traditional malware detection techniques due to intelligence of today's attack mechanisms. Deep learning (DL) is an alternative technique of traditional signature and rule-based anomaly detection techniques and thus have actively been used in numerous recent studies on malware detection. In order to develop DL-based defense mechanisms against intelligent malicious apps, feeding recent datasets into DL models is important. In this paper, we develop a DL-based model for detecting intelligent malicious apps using KU-CISC 2018-Android, the most up-to-date dataset consisting of benign and malicious Android apps. This dataset has hardly been addressed in other studies so far. We extract OPcode sequences from the Android apps and preprocess the OPcode sequences using an N-gram model. We then feed the preprocessed data into LSTM and apply the concept of Information Gain to improve performance of detecting malicious apps. Furthermore, we evaluate our model with numerous scenarios in order to verify the model's design and performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long- term Ginseng administration on metabolism of rats during growing period. A group of pregnant rats was divided into 2 groups, the one was given 18% casein diet and the other, 18% casein diet with ginseng powder 500 mg/kg body was during the gestation and lactation. After weaning, 84 male offsprings were taken at random from the 2 groups. The rats from each group were divided subsequently into 2 groups. Ginseng and control group. The rats were sacrificed at three different times -7, 11, 17 weeks of age. The body weight and amount of food intake were measared during the feeding period. After sacrificing, the weight of some organs, liver glycogen. serum total lipid values, urinary nitrogen and creatinine were examined. The results were analysed by t-test and F-test Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Addition of Ginseng did not significantly affect the body weight of rats. 2) The weight of liver, testis, epididymal fat pad were not significantly different between ginseng group and control group during the experimental period. 3) Urinary nitrogen and creatinine did not have significance among all the experimental groups. 4) Amount of liver glycogen was not statistically significant in the ginseng group and control group. 5) The serum total lipid values of rats Iron ginseng group was not statistically different from that of the control group. It can be concluded that Ginseng, 500 mg ginseng powder /kg body wt, does not affect the metabolism of rats under the conditions of this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.318-329
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• 1987

Weanling female Sprague Dawley rate were fed 1.2mg pyridoxine' HCl/kg diet Cdepleted diet) and 2 22mg pyridoxine' HCI/kg dietCcontrol diet). The control and one depleted group were fed their diets throughout growth, gestation, and lactation. Other three depleted groups were fed the depleted diet throught growth and gestation, and then pyridoxine w was supplemented by feeding control diet at 5, 10, and 21 days postpartum. The brains were analyzed for proteolipid protein, cholesterol, and cerebrosi­d de. Percentage stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity was also determined. Body and brain weight were significantly lower at all ages in depleted group than the control and depleted group showed inadequacy of B6 at all ages. PProteolipid protein and cholesterol were significa­n ntlylower in the depleted group at 10, 21, 35 and 5 50 days. The postnatal development of cerebroside in brain was delayed in depleted groups suppleme­I nted at 5, 10, and 21 days. When supplementation was initiateo at 5 days postparturn, contents of cho­lesterol proteolipid protein were reversed. But some differences in brain development of pups we­re evident when supplementation of dams was de­layed to 10 days or 21 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

The objective of this paper was to quantitatively analyze the effect of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) NPS pollution on a small watershed water quality. Monitoring was conducted from March to October, 2013. Monthly flow rate and selected water quality at each monitoring site were measured during dry days. Rainy day monitoring also was conducted. Modeling was conducted to evaluate the effect of CAFO NPS pollution on the water quality at the watershed outlet. The highest and mean concentration of selected water quality indices during rainy days were higher than those in dry days in general. The highest TN concentration measured at the CAFP pollution discharge point was 237.831 mg/L. The results revealed that the CAFO NPS pollution sources could be equally blamed for the water quality degradation of the stream. However, the effect of the NPS pollution from CAFOs seemed not to be very influential to the watershed water quality at the outlet. SWAT modeling revealed that the TN load was reduced by 18.95 %, 23.39 % and 30.53 % at the watershed outlet if the TN load at the CAFO NPS pollution discharge point reduced by 20 %, 40 % and 60 %, respectively. It was thought that the natural attenuation processes played an important role. The modeling was based only on the assumption of the load reduction and not verified by the monitored data. Therefore, it was suggested that a long term monitoring studies for the evaluation of the impact of CAFO NPS pollution on the watershed water quality be conducted.