• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2005

To develop a low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi, kimchi was prepared according to a recipe of specific ratio with major and minor ingredients and adjusted its final salinity to 3.7%. Baechu kimchi fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 24 hours and transferred them into in a refrigerator only for kimchi, and then continued to ferment at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 weeks to make a low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi. The initial cutting force of 8.45kgf dropped gradually and reached to 5.19kgf after 30 weeks of fermentation. In compression force the gumminess, hardness and chewiness of Baechu kimchi showed a great decrease during the fermentation, but the springiness and adhesiveness increased in slight. Correlation coefficient between the chewiness and gumminess was the highest(r=0.879). In spite of sensory evaluation scores of the appearance and texture were the highest on 0 day of fermentation, the saltiness was evaluated the worst to eat. Scores for sourness and carbonated flavor were the best during 18 to 22 weeks of fermentation, and overall acceptability was the best after 14 weeks of fermentation. Very high correlation coefficients were revealed between the sourness and carbonated flavor(r=0.813) and between the sourness and off-flavor(r=0.805). According to these results we concluded that the best low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi prepared with 3.7% salinity and fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and then transferred into a kimchi refrigerator at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and completed the fermentation for 18 weeks.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2003

Weathering in nature was simulated by freeze-thaw cyclic test which represents mechanical weathering. Measured physical properties were elastic wave velocities, absorption rate, volume change and weight change. Uniaxial compression tests were also conducted before and after the weathering tests. The change in weight and volume of the specimens were not clearly related to the weathering process, but P, S wave velocities, uniaxial compression strength and Young's modulus were clearly decreased as weathering progresses. Test result can be used for the assessment of long-term stability of rock slopes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

This study finds the characteristics of long-term settlement of Bottom Ash and to review the application of Singh-Mitchell creep equation and Burgers Model to the creep behavior of Bottom Ash. In the undrained state, it was confirmed that creep behavior appeared in the range to 30-80 % of the maximum deviator stress by applying condition in other three stresses through triaxial compression test after isotropically consolidation. By using sieve analysis, it was compared to each sample that was passed through 9.5 mm, 2 mm, 0.25 mm sieves. Also, using Singh-Mitchell creep equation and Burgers Model, it was compared between the theoretical behavior and the observed behavior for each sample. In the result, it is found that creep behavior of Bottom Ash is similar to the theoretical behavior of Singh-Mitchell creep equation and Burgers Model in early stage and it is possible to predict creep behavior of Bottom Ash by these models.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.437-449
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• 2020

It is quite apparent that engineering concerns related to the influence of masonry infills on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is likely to remain relevant in the long term, as infill walls maintain their functionalities in construction practice. Within this framework, the present paper mainly deals with the issue in terms of modal expansion of effective earthquake forces and the resultant modal responses. An adequate determination of spatial distribution of effective earthquake forces over the height of the building is highly essential for both seismic analysis and design. The possible influence of infill walls is investigated by means of modal analyses of two-, three-, and four-bay RC frames with a number of stories ranging from 3 to 8. Both uniformly and non-uniformly infilled frames are considered in numerical analyses, where infill walls are simulated by adopting the model of equivalent compression strut. Consequently, spatial distribution of effective earthquake forces, modal static base shear force response of frames, modal responses of story shears from external excitation vector and lateral floor displacements are obtained. It is found that, infill walls and their arrangement over the height of the frame structure affect the spatial distribution of modal inertia forces, as well as the considered response quantities. Moreover, the amount of influence varies in stories, but is not very dependent to bay number of frames.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.543-554
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• 2019

İzmir Bay reserves high amount of residual alluvial deposits generated by Meles River at its stream mouth. These carried sediments with high water content and low bearing capacity are unsuitable in terms of engineering purposes. In-situ soil stabilization with deep soil mixing method is considered to improve properties of soil in this location. This method is widely used especially over Scandinavia, Japan and North America. Basically, the method covers mixing appropriate binder into the soil to improve soil profile according to the engineering needs. For this purpose, soil samples were initially provided from the site, classification tests were performed and optimum ratios of lime and cement binders were determined. Following, specimens representing the in-situ soil conditions were prepared and cured to be able to determine their engineering properties. Unconfined compression tests and vane shear tests were applied to evaluate the stabilization performance of binders on samples with different curing periods. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe time-dependent bonding progress of binders in order to validate the results. Utilization of 4% lime and 4% cement mixture for the long-term performance and 8% lime and 8% cement mixture for short term performance were suggested for the stabilization of Meles Delta soils. Development of CSH and CAH in a gel form as well as CSH crystals were clearly observed on SEM images of treated specimens.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2012

Tubular markers for road safety facilities are used to lead the driver's sight line and separate the lanes on the road. Such tubular markers are usually installed on the road and frequently hit by vehicles, they are accordingly requested to assure the product durability. The traditional evaluation method of tubular markers include only quality tests of the material properties. However, most of consuming agencies in charge of road management at fields have proposed problems on long-term performance of the products hit by vehicles under various weather conditions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to develop the reliability test methods and equipments to simulate the product failures of tubular markers due to vehicle collision and wheel compression and the delamination and discoloration of reflection sheets attached on the surface of the products under high and low temperatures.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.463-468
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• 2016

With the constant increase in network traffic, wireless operators are finding it more challenging to keep network hardware costs to a minimum. At the same time, the energy cost associated with operating a network has increased proportionally. Therefore, the search for higher network capacity is simultaneously accompanied by the search for a cost-efficient network deployment. In this paper, we show that a saving in transmitted signal energy can be achieved at the signal design level by deploying very specific signal processing techniques. Using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal for Long-Term Evolution networks as an example, we utilize a novel non-uniform companding quantizer to save a transmitted signal energy. Our results show that by using non-uniform quantization it is possible to further optimize 4G wireless networks.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.639-650
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• 2007

Applying the method calculating creep of Concrete Filled steel Tube (CFT) members based on the Elastic Continuation and Plastic Flow theory for concrete creep with the finite element method, the paper develops a new numerical method for the creep of CFT arch bridges considering effects of bending moment. It is shown that the method is feasible and reasonable through comparing the predicted stresses and deflection caused by the creep with the results obtained by the method of Gu et al. (2001) based on ACI209R model and experimental data of an actual CFT arch bridge. Furthermore, nine CFT arch bridges with different types are calculated and analyzed with and without the effects of bending moment. As a result, the bending moment has considerable influences on long-term deformations and internal forces of CFT arch bridges, especially when the section of arch rib is subjected to a large bending moment.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2012

Biomass to Liquid (BTL) is an attractive option for using biomass as an renewable energy. A syngas supplying system has been designed for BTL system, based on the Fischer-Tropsche (FT) process, and long-term operation test was conducted. The syngas supplying system is composed of a fluidized bed gasifier, gas cleaning and compression system, and methanol absorption system. Stable operation of more than hundred hours was achieved with several champaigns. In addition, a pilot scale biomass gasifier has been developed for 1 bbl/day BTL system and its performance was evaluated. Some preliminary results and current status of the development of BTL system will be presented.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

Purpose: Cases of male external genitalia lymphedema are relatively uncommon in the clinical physical therapy field. Of more than two thousand clinical cases treated by the author in the lymphedema treatment center, only 4~5 cases of male external genitalia lymphedema were encountered. The present case report presents the experience and treatment results of male external genitalia lymphedema from urological cancer. Method: This case was a 47-year-old man, who was treated with complex decongestive physical therapy consisting of manual lymph drainage, compression bandage (including the external genitalia), remedial exercise, skin care. Result: The results were relatively good. The clinical experience would suggest that early treatment and education can reduce the external genitalia lymphedema. However, the treatment efficacy remains limited. Therefore, early treatment is vital for more successful outcomes. Conclusion: The relief of symptoms and a decrease in male external genitalia lymphedema may be the best result from long-term conservative management.