• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

The event-free survival (EFS) for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has shown remarkable improvement in the past several decades. In Korea also, a recent study showed 10-year EFS of 78.5%. Much of the improved outcome for pediatric ALL stems from the accurate identification of prognostic factors, the designation of risk group based on these factors, and treatment of appropriate duration and intensity according to risk group, done within the setting of cooperative clinical trials. The schema of first-line therapy for ALL remains mostly unchanged, although many groups have now reported on the elimination of cranial irradiation in all patients with low rates of central nervous system relapse. Specific high risk subgroups, such as Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL and infant ALL continue to have significantly lower survival than other ALL patients. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors into therapy has led to enhanced outcome for Ph+ ALL patients. Infant ALL patients, particularly those with MLL rearrangements, continue to have poor outcome, despite treatment intensification including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Relapsed ALL is a leading cause of mortality in pediatric cancer. Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting the CD19 of the ALL blast have shown remarkable efficacy in some of these relapsed and refractory patients. With improved survival, much of the current focus is on decreasing the long-term toxicities of treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.707-714
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• 1990

Despite of mortality and morbidity rates that are higher than other forms of therapy, surgical resection has been mainstay for the treatment of esophageal cancer because of a prompt completeness as well as a high possibility of cure. But a substantial numbers of patients are unsuitable for surgical treatment and those undergoing resection have still poor long term survival rate. With hopes of improving long term survival, we have attempted multimodal approach, composed of preoperative induction chemotherapy utilizing Cisplatin and 5 \ulcornerFU, surgery and postoperative loco-regional radiotherapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer since 1985. During the period of 1967 \ulcorner1985, 27 patients[group A] were treated by surgery only and during recent 5 years 28 patients[group B] by multimodal treatment, Clinical review and comparison between the two groups were as follows: l. Applied surgical procedures were hand-sewn esophagogastrostomy, esophagocologastrostomy and esophagojejunostomy in group A. In group B, only esophagogastrostomy was underwent using stapler mainly. 2. Incidence of peri and postoperative complication showed no remarkable differences between the two groups, but the occurrences of leakage from the anastomotic site were 5[19% ] out of group A and 1[4%] out of group B. 3. The response rate to induction chemotherapy was 36% in group B, 4. The number of local cancer recurrence at the site of anastomosis was 6[22%] out of group A, whereas 2[7%] out of group B. 5. Postoperative I year and 2 year survival were 61%, 15% in group A and 75%, 42% in group B.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2297-2302
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate early treatment for extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENK/TCL) in China and provide reference for clinical treatment of these patients. Methods: Computer-based retrieval was performed in PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment for early ENK/TCL, and a meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0 software. Results: A total of 11 RCTs, including 871 patients, were selected, of which the first radiotherapy had a higher complete response (CR) than the first chemotherapy [OR=14.16, 95%CI (8.68, 23.10), P<0.00001] and CR was not different between combined treatment group and radiotherapy group [OR=1.86, 95%CI (0.47, 3.58), P=0.61], but long-term survival rate was higher with combined treatment[OR=1.88, 95%CI (1.09, 3.19), P=0.02]. No difference in survival rate was observed between radio-chemotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy groups [OR=1.11, 95%CI (0.73, 1.69), P=0.63]. Conclusions: Radiotherapy is of great significance in the treatment of early ENK/TCL, but combined therapy could further enhance long-term survival rate of patients. This conclusion still requires further confirmation using RCTs with high quality and large sample size.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.343-347
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to manufacture the low temperature waterless container that is compact and low cost for a live fish transportation. Using the low temperature water container, it makes observations on the optimal conditions such as the amount of dissolved oxygen, total ammonia and nitrite in seawater for determining the survival rate of live fish in short and long-term transportation. Using a sole as a live fish, the temperatures of $0^{\circ}C$, 3$^{\circ}C$, 5$^{\circ}C$, 7$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ were controled for there effects. The results of this investigation show that as the seawater temperature increased, the amount of oxygen decreased and there was a low temperature shock below 3$^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the fish was died with 30$m\ell/\ell$of ammonia. The optimal temperature is about 5$^{\circ}C$ for live fish transportation to maintain best survival rate.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.770-775
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oriental treatment on cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical record of a distal cholangiocarcinoma patient who had been treated with oriental medicine for 150 days. He complained of anorexia, dyspepsia, fatigue, weight loss, constipation, abdominal discomfort and pain. etc. We prescribed him Samchulkunbi-tang and other oriental medicines, in order to treat symptoms and improve long term survival. Results and Conclusion : For 150 days, he was treated with oriental medicine and the symptoms mostly disappeared. We had a worthwhile improvement of long term survival. When it comes to therapeutic effects, it could be suggested that oriental medicine has significant effects on improving symptoms, survival and quality of lifes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2021

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in nutritional assessment and survival prediction of patients with various malignancies. However, its value in advanced gastric cancer (GC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and curative gastrectomy remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The CONUT score at different time points (pretreatment, preoperative, and postoperative) of 272 patients with advanced GC were retrospectively calculated from August 2004 to October 2015. The χ² test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to estimate the relationships between the CONUT score and clinical characteristics as well as short-term outcomes, while the Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate long-term outcomes. Survival curves were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results: The proportion of moderate or severe malnutrition among all patients was not significantly changed from pretreatment (13.5%) to pre-operation (11.7%) but increased dramatically postoperatively (47.5%). The pretreatment CONUT-high score (≥4) was significantly associated with older age (P=0.010), deeper tumor invasion (P=0.025), and lower pathological complete response rate (CONUT-high vs. CONUT-low: 1.2% vs. 6.6%, P=0.107). Pretreatment CONUT-high score patients had worse progression-free survival (P=0.032) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.026). Adjusted for pathologic node status, the pretreatment CONUT-high score was strongly associated with worse OS in pathologic node-positive patients (P=0.039). Conclusions: The pretreatment CONUT score might be a straightforward index for immune-nutritional status assessment, while being a reliable prognostic indicator in patients with advanced GC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and curative gastrectomy. Moreover, lower pretreatment CONUT scores might indicate better chemotherapy responses.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

Long-term preservation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria was evaluated using cryopreservation and freeze-drying of nine strains belonging to four genera and seven species. All test strains, except Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NIER- 10028, showed partial or complete survival following cryopreservation and freeze-drying. Frozen and freeze-dried strains were preserved for more than two years and were revived monthly. Most strains showed higher post-thaw viability after cryopreservation, especially without cryoprotectant compared to freeze-drying. Microcystis aeruginosa NIER-10010, M. viridis NIER-10020, M. ichthyoblabe NIER-10023, M. novacekii NIER-10029 and Oscillatoria sancta NIER-10027 were revived after 2.5 years of cryopreservation. These results suggest that cryopreservation may be an easy and timesaving long-term preservation method for bloom-forming cyanobacteria.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-65
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• 2017

We propose a flexible cure rate survival model by assuming that the number of competing causes of the event of interest has the Poisson distribution and the time for the event follows the gamma-G family of distributions. The extended family of gamma-G failure-time models with long-term survivors is flexible enough to include many commonly used failure-time distributions as special cases. We consider a frequentist analysis for parameter estimation and derive appropriate matrices to assess local influence on the parameters. Further, various simulations are performed for different parameter settings, sample sizes and censoring percentages. We illustrate the performance of the proposed regression model by means of a data set from the medical area (gastric cancer).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.496-508
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the long-term survival rate and peri-implant marginal bone loss between different types of dental implant-abutment connections. Methods: Implants with external or internal abutment connections, which were fitted at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital from November 2011 to December 2015 and followed up for >5 years, were retrospectively investigated. Cumulative survival rates were evaluated for >5 years, and peri-implant marginal bone loss was evaluated at 1- and 5-year follow-up examinations after functional loading. Results: The 8-year cumulative survival rates were 93.3% and 90.7% in the external and internal connection types, respectively (P=0.353). The mean values of marginal bone loss were 1.23 mm (external) and 0.72 mm (internal) (P<0.001) after 1 year of loading, and 1.20 mm and 1.00 mm for external and internal abutment connections, respectively (P=0.137) after 5 years. Implant length (longer, P=0.018), smoking status (heavy, P=0.001), and prosthetic type (bridge, P=0.004) were associated with significantly greater marginal bone loss, and the use of screw-cement-retained prosthesis was significantly associated (P=0.027) with less marginal bone loss. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between implants with external and internal abutment connections. After 1 year of loading, marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with an external abutment connection. However, no significant difference between the external and internal connection groups was found after 5 years. Both types of abutment connections are viable treatment options for the reconstruction of partially edentulous ridges.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: The aim of this study was to describe short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) at a typical United Kingdom hepatopancreatobiliary unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all PD patients with histologically-confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA), or distal cholangiocarcinoma (CC) from September 1st, 2006 to May 31st, 2015 was carried out. The following information was obtained: demographics, comorbidities, preoperative investigations, neoadjuvant treatment, operative details, postoperative management, complications, adjuvant treatment, five-year recurrence, and five-year survival. Effects of selected preoperative variables on short- and long-term outcomes were investigated. Results: Of 271 included patients, 57.9% had PDAC, 25.8% had AA, and 16.2% had CC. In total, 67.9% experienced morbidity and 17.3% developed a Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complication. The 90-day mortality was 3.3%. Clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, bile leak, gastrojejunal leak, postpancreatectomy haemorrhage and delayed gastric emptying affected 8.1%, 4.1%, 0.0%, 9.2%, and 19.9% of patients, respectively. American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III-VI correlated with overall morbidity (p = 0.002) and major morbidity (p = 0.009), but not 90-day mortality or five-year survival. The same pattern was observed in patients with a preoperative serum bilirubin > 29 µmol/L and/or a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio > 3.1. Five-year cancer recurrence and five-year survival were 68.3% and 22.5%, respectively. PDAC patients had higher five-year recurrence but lower five-year survival rates (both p = 0.001). Conclusions: In our series, the majority of patients experienced a complication. However, few patients experienced major morbidity. Surgical risk factors did not affect five-year survival.