• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2023

This paper mainly studies the relationship between financial development, inbound tourism development, and economic growth rate in Fujian Province, China. This study uses the data of real GDP, foreign exchange income from international tourism, and financial interrelations ratio from 1994 to 2019. In the analysis process, the Johansen cointegration test is first used to analyze whether the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Then the vector error correction model is established to test the restrictive relationship among the three. Next, the Granger causality test assesses whether the three have a causal relationship. Finally, the contribution rate of the three is analyzed by variance decomposition. The above methods show the following conclusions: first, the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Secondly, in the short term, local economic growth is constrained by inbound tourism and financial development. Thirdly, there is a causal relationship between economic growth and inbound tourism in Fujian, while there is a unidirectional causal relationship between financial development and economic growth, financial development, and inbound tourism. Fourthly, the contribution rate of inbound tourism to economic growth fluctuations in Fujian is higher than that of financial development.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of regional industrial diversity on regional business cycle response to national volatility. We employed mean group and pooled mean group estimators of panel vector error-correction models in order to control unobserved heterogeneity of the port cities, such as Pusan, Ulsan and Incheon. The results show that in various industrial regions, short-term fluctuations in the unemployment rate are small compared to other regions. On the contrary, long-term volatility of manufacturing production index is low in those regions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1038-1044
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• 1995

We have been used cryopreserved homograft valves for right ventricular outflow tract[RVOT reconstruction since November 1993. The homograft valves were harvested from the hearts of brain dead patients or hearts of transplant recipients. There were 12 male and 10 female patients. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 13 years[mean age,39.2 $\pm$ 37.4 months and the weight ranged from 5 to 48kg [mean weight, 13.7$\pm$ 9. l kg . The diagnoses included pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect [n=14 , tetralogy of Fallot[n=4 , truncus arteriosus[n=3 , and double outlet right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis[n=l .Monocuspid homograft patches were used for RVOT widening or REV[reparation l`etage ventriculaire operations in 4 patients. We also used homograft as valved conduits for RVOT reconstruction in 17 patients and left ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in anatomically corrected transposition in 1 patient. Among them size-reducing technique [converting a tricuspid valved conduit into a bicuspid valved conduit were applied to six patients for the correction of size mismatching. The mean follow-up period was 10.6 $\pm$ 5.4 months. There was one operative death[4.5% due to bleeding and one reoperation for removal of vegetation on the homograft leaflet. Postoperative echocardiography documented no significant homograft insufficiency and RVOT obstructions.In short-term, the homograft valves provide excellent hemodynamic characteristics, even though further studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term results.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship among oil consumption, oil-tanker accidents, and economic growth, and to derive policy implications from the results. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the short term, long term, and strong causality factors pertaining to the relationship between oil consumption, oil-tanker accidents, and economic growth in Korea using time-series techniques and annual data for the 1984-2016 period. Tests for unit roots, co-integration, and Granger-causality based on an error-correction model are presented. The results show that bidirectional causality exists between oil consumption and oil-tanker accidents, between economic growth and oil consumption, and between oil-tanker accidents and economic growth. The study shows that oil was used as a core energy source during the rapid economic growth of Korea in the past, and that this caused the number of oil-tanker accidents to rise as oil consumption increased.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2011

This study performs statistical tests for stability of a long-run relationship in the telecommunication market system by identifying the time path of a recursively estimated cointegration parameter. A dummy variable is used to recover stability for the period that the hypothesis of stable cointegration is rejected, and then a proper cointegrating relation is derived. A dummy variable appears to reflect the structural change in the cointegrating relation according to the analytical results for the error correction term.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.789-791
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• 2006

Purpose: The inverted nipple presents many problems in both cosmetic and functional aspects. The histopathologic features of inverted nipple are that inverted nipple has less fibromuscular tissue than normal nipple, short lactiferous duct and dense fibrous tissue. Many papers have been reported for correction of the inverted nipple, however not many medical literatures has specifically described about traction method. Although traditional traction methods were using half of urine cup or lid of bottle, they were uncomfortable and incapable for wearing brassiere. Methods: We invented a simple and more natural method using a dome-shape plastic disposable lid of take-out cup. We applied new device for three patients after corrective surgery. Results: For long term follow up, all patients satisfied their postoperative status and they were comportable with the lids. Conclusion: This new method is very simple, comfortable, and effective method for traction. It also allows patients to wear the brassiere.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

Cointegration(together with VARMA(vector ARMA)) has been proven to be useful for analyzing multivariate non-stationary data in the field of financial time series. It provides a linear combination (which turns out to be stationary series) of non-stationary component series. This linear combination equation is referred to as long term equilibrium between the component series. We consider two sets of Korean bivariate financial time series and then illustrate cointegration analysis. Specifically estimated VAR(vector AR) and VECM(vector error correction model) are obtained and CV(cointegrating vector) is found for each data sets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1723-1729
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• 2021

Energy and directional distribution of neutrons at the Beloyarsk NPP workplaces is a subject of this study. Measurements of H^*(10) rate and neutron energy distribution were taken at 8 workplaces, which can be divided into three categories: work with spent or fresh nuclear fuel, work with radionuclide neutron sources, work at the rooms adjusted to reactors. The Hp(10) measurements were performed only at 6 out of 8 locations, due to the fact that long term placing of an effective neutron moderator in fresh nuclear fuel storage facility is forbidden. As a result of the research energy and direction distribution of the neutron fields at 8 locations of the Beloyarsk NPP workplaces was obtained. To estimate the accuracy of the H^*(10) rate and Hp (10) measurements the reference values of dose equivalents were calculated using energy and directional distribution. To take into account the difference between the reference values and the measured results site-specific correction factors were calculated.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.833-842
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• 2013

The quantile mapping is utilized to reproduce reliable GCM(Global Climate Model) data by correct systematic biases included in the original data set. This scheme, in general, projects the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the underlying data set into the target CDF assuming that parameters of target distribution function is stationary. Therefore, the application of stationary quantile mapping for nonstationary long-term time series data of future precipitation scenario computed by GCM can show biased projection. In this research the Nonstationary Quantile Mapping (NSQM) scheme was suggested for bias correction of nonstationary long-term time series data. The proposed scheme uses the statistical parameters with nonstationary long-term trends. The Gamma distribution was assumed for the object and target probability distribution. As the climate change scenario, the 20C3M(baseline scenario) and SRES A2 scenario (projection scenario) of CGCM3.1/T63 model from CCCma (Canadian Centre for Climate modeling and analysis) were utilized. The precipitation data were collected from 10 rain gauge stations in the Han-river basin. In order to consider seasonal characteristics, the study was performed separately for the flood (June~October) and nonflood (November~May) seasons. The periods for baseline and projection scenario were set as 1973~2000 and 2011~2100, respectively. This study evaluated the performance of NSQM by experimenting various ways of setting parameters of target distribution. The projection scenarios were shown for 3 different periods of FF scenario (Foreseeable Future Scenario, 2011~2040 yr), MF scenario (Mid-term Future Scenario, 2041~2070 yr), LF scenario (Long-term Future Scenario, 2071~2100 yr). The trend test for the annual precipitation projection using NSQM shows 330.1 mm (25.2%), 564.5 mm (43.1%), and 634.3 mm (48.5%) increase for FF, MF, and LF scenarios, respectively. The application of stationary scheme shows overestimated projection for FF scenario and underestimated projection for LF scenario. This problem could be improved by applying nonstationary quantile mapping.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 2018

This paper examines short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between selected macroeconomic variables and stock prices in the Korea Stock Exchange. The data is restricted to the period for which monthly data are available from January 1986 to October 2016 (370 observations) retrieved from the Economic Statistics System database sponsored by the Bank of Korea. The study employs unit root test, cointegration test, vector error correction estimates, impulse response test, and structural break test. The results of the Johansen cointegration test indicate at least three cointegrating equations exist at the 0.05 level in the model, confirming that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic variables in Korea. The results of vector error correction model (VECM) estimates indicate that money supply and short-term interest rate are not related to stock prices in the short-run. However, exchange rate is positively related to stock prices while the industrial production index and inflation are negatively related to stock prices in the short-run. Furthermore, the VECM estimates indicate that the external shock, such as regional and global financial crisis shocks, neither affects changes in the endogenous variables nor causes instability in the cointegrating vector. This study finds that the endogenous variables are determined by their own dynamics in the model.