• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 1994

A new axisymmetric crack model is proposed on the basis of p-version of the finite element method limited to theory of small scale yielding. To this end, axisymmetric stress element is formulated by integrals of Legendre polynomial which has hierarchical nature and orthogonality relationship. The virtual crack extension method has been adopted to calculate the stress intensity factors for 3-D axisymmetric cracked bodies where the potential energy change as a function of position along the crack front is calculated. The sensitivity with respect to the aspect ratio and Poisson locking has been tested to ascertain the robustness of p-version axisymmetric element. Also, the limit value that is an exact solution obtained by FEM when degree of freedom is infinite can be estimated using the extrapolation equation based on error prediction in energy norm. Numerical examples of thick-walled cylinder, axisymmetric crack in a round bar and internal part-thorough cracked pipes are tested with high precision.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.607-622
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• 1999

Being a significant mode of deformation, shear effect in addition to the other modes of stretching and bending have been considered to develop two finite element models for the analysis of beams on elastic foundation. The first beam model is developed utilizing the differential-equation approach; in which the complex variables obtained from the solution of the differential equations are used as interpolation functions for the displacement field in this beam element. A single element is sufficient to exactly represent a continuous part of a beam on Winkler foundation for cases involving end-loadings, thus providing a benchmark solution to validate the other model developed. The second beam model is developed utilizing the hybrid-mixed formulation, i.e., Hellinger-Reissner variational principle; in which both displacement and stress fields for the beam as well as the foundation are approxmated separately in order to eliminate the well-known phenomenon of shear locking, as well as the newly-identified problem of "foundation-locking" that can arise in cases involving foundations with extreme rigidities. This latter model is versatile and indented for utilization in general applications; i.e., for thin-thick beams, general loadings, and a wide variation of the underlying foundation rigidity with respect to beam stiffness. A set of numerical examples are given to demonstrate and assess the performance of the developed beam models in practical applications involving shear deformation effect.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 인체 감지형 자기장 코일의 감지거리 13.4mm를 이용한 디지털 잠금장치 설계에 관한 연구를 하고자 한다. 현재 사용되는 디지털 잠금장치와는 다르게 실외 케이스는 기존의 고유번호 입력버튼, 조명, 보호 커버, 해당 pcb, 외곽 케이스, 데이터 전송 케이블 등이 삭제되고 구동전원 ON/OFF 스위치와 비상 단자로만 구성하였다. 실내 케이스는 내부에 설치 된 자기장 코일기판이 유리문 몸체에 밀착된 상태로 12mm 간격의 맞은편 실외에서 전송되는 전기적 저항 값을 감지하면 그에 대응하는 유도전류가 흐르게 된다. 이때, 해당 원형 코일의 주파수 변환이 이루어지면 자기장 코일은 센서의 역할을 수행하게 된다. 센서로서의 자기장 코일은 인체가 감지되기 전과 감지 후에 출력되는 발진 주파수의 크기 변화를 감지하고 2,000%이상 증폭시켜 디지털 신호로 변환 조합한 다음 전용 소프트웨어에 전송하여 내장된 고정 데이터와 비교하여 검색하는 역할을 한다. 연구결과 자기장 코일 $12.8{\emptyset}$ 기준으로 인체의 터치 면적에 따른 감지시간은 30% 대비 0.08sec, 80% 대비 0.03sec이며 감지거리는 13.4mm로 최고 수준으로 측정되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2022

Proximal humerus fractures are the third most common fractures, totaling 4% to 5% of all fractures. Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old man with a dislocated four-part fracture of the proximal humerus with a huge bony Bankart lesion. Preoperatively, the bony Bankart lesion of the glenoid was not visualized on computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging because the fracture of the proximal humerus was comminuted, displaced, and complex. It was planned for only the humerus fracture to be treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a locking plate. However, a fractured fragment remained under the scapula after reduction of the dislocated humeral head. This was mistaken for a dislocated bone fragment of the greater tuberosity and repositioning was attempted. After failure, visual confirmation showed that the bone fragment was a piece of the glenoid. After reduction and fixation of this glenoid part with suture anchors, we acquired a well-reduced fluoroscopic image. Given this case of complex proximal humerus fracture, a glenoid fracture such as a bony Bankart lesion should be considered preoperatively and intraoperatively in such cases.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2016

우주용 영상센서의 비균일 출력특성 교정을 통한 영상품질향상을 목적으로 탑재교정장치가 요구된다. 탑재교정장치는 균일한 온도정보 제공을 위한 흑체를 비롯하여, 흑체로의 지향성 확보를 위하여 전개/수납 기능이 포함되는 교정 메커니즘으로 구성된다. 이 중, 교정 메커니즘은 궤도상에서 구동장치의 결함 발생 시 주광경로 확보를 위한 결함안전 기능이 요구된다. 추가적으로, 구동부에 대한 발사환경에서의 구조건전성 확보가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 단일장치로 발사환경 구속 및 결함안전 기능 구현이 가능한 전개수납형 교정 메커니즘을 제안하였다. 상기 제안한 메커니즘의 기능모델을 통한 동작 기능시험을 수행하여 설계의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권5호
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• pp.473-482
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• 2001

이질형 통합 데이타베이스 시스템은 비정형 데이타를 비롯하여 관계형 데이타베이스 시스템의 정형 데이타에 이르기까지, 지역적으로 여러곳에 산재해 있는 유용한 정보를 통합하여 일관된 인터페이스를 통한 접근을 제공하는 통합 데이타베이스 시스템이다. 통합된 데이타 자원들은 서로 다른 질의 처리 능력을 제공할 뿐 아니라, 지역 자치성(local autonomy)요구사항 때문에 전역적 트랜잭션 처리를 위한 지역 시스템의 상호 협조 운영이 불가능하여, 전역적 직렬성(global serializability)을 만족하는 전역 트랜잭션 관리기의 설계가 없다. 본 논문에서는 이질형 통합 데이타베이스 시스템의 전역 트랜잭션 관리 문제점 중에서 가장 잘 알려진 간접충돌의 문제를 해결하기 위해, 전역 무결성 제약사항의 특징을 이용한 전역 트랜잭션 모델을 정의한다. 전역 트랜잭션 모델을 기반으로 지역-로킹 연산과 이에 다른 프로토콜을 제안하고, 제안된 프로토콜이 전역 트랜잭션을 보장함을 증명한다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안된 지역 -로킹 병행수행 제어 방법은 보다 현실적인 간접충돌의 범위를 정의함으로써, 기존의 제안된 방법보다 높은 병행성 정도(concurrency degree)를 보장함을 지역 접근에 대한 경쟁률 분석을 통해 살펴본다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1623-1630
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 자동차용 시트 리클라이너의 주요 부품인 섹터투스 결합부의 롤오버 저감을 위한 효과적인 성형 방법을 제시하였다. 기존의 성형 공정에 의하여 발생한 과도한 롤오버 때문에 섹터투스 내측기어와 결합 부품인 폴투스 외측기어 간의 정확한 결합이 이루어지지 않아 승차감 및 안전성이 저하된다. 따라서 성형 시, 소재를 롤오버 측으로 유동시켜 롤오버량을 최소화 해야 하며, 이를 위하여 국부 돌기형 다이, 코이닝 펀치를 이용한 방법 및 가변 역클리어런스를 통한 롤오버 저감 방법에 대해 유한요소해석으로 비교 평가 하였고, 이를 검증하기 위해 금형 제작 및 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 가변 역클리어런스를 이용한 방법이 롤오버 저감 및 금형 강도 측면에서 우수한 특성을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2024

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a locking plate is a popular surgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures (PHF). This study aimed to assess the occurrence of complications in elderly patients with PHF treated surgically using ORIF with a locking plate and to investigate the potential differences between patients treated by shoulder surgeons and non-shoulder surgeons. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using a single-center database to identify patients aged ≥70 years who underwent ORIF for PHF between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. Data on the Neer classification, follow-up, occurrence of avascular necrosis of the humeral head, implant failure, and revision surgery were also collected. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate the overall frequency of complications according to the Neer classification. Results: The rates of implant failure, avascular osteonecrosis, and revision surgery were 15.7%, 4.8%, and 15.7%, respectively. Complications were more common in patients with Neer three- and four-part fractures. Although the difference between surgeries performed by shoulder surgeons and non-shoulder surgeons did not reach statistical significance, the rate of complications and the need for revision surgery were nearly two-fold higher in the latter group. Conclusions: PHF are highly prevalent in the elderly population. However, the ORIF surgical approach, as demonstrated in this study, is associated with a considerable rate of complications. Surgeries performed by non-shoulder surgeons had a higher rate of complications and a more frequent need for revision surgery. Future studies comparing surgical treatments and their respective complication rates are crucial to determine the optimal therapeutic options. Level of evidence: III.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-61
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• 1998

A state-of-the-art report on the new finite elements formulated by the addition of nonconforming displacement modes has been presented. The development of a series improved nonconforming finite elements for the analysis of plate and shell structures is described in the first part of this paper. These new plate and shell finite elements are established by the combined use of different improvement schemes such as; the addition of nonconforming modes, the reduced (or selective) integration, and the construction of the substitute shear strain fields. The improvement achieved may be attributable to the fact that the merits of these improvement techniques are merged into the formation of the new elements in a complementary manner. It is shown that the results obtained by the new elements give significantly improved solutions without any serious defects such as; the shear locking, spurious zero energy mode for the linear as well as nonlinear benchmark problems. Recent developments in the transition elements that have a variable number of mid-side nodes and can be effectively used in the adaptive mesh refinement are presented in the second part. Finally, the nonconforming transition flat shell elements with drilling degrees of freedom are also presented.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Pilon fractures involving distal tibia remain one of the most difficult therapeutic challenges that confront the orthopedic surgeons because of associated soft tissue injury is common. To introduce and describe the diagnosis, current treatment, results and complications of the pilon fractures. In initial assessment, the correct evaluation of the fracture type through radiographic checkup and examination of the soft tissue envelope is needed to decide appropriate treatment planning of pilon fractures. Even though Ruedi and Allgower reported 74% good and excellent results with primary open reduction and internal fixation, recently the second staged treatment of pilon fractures is preferred to orthopedic traumatologist because of the soft tissue problem is common after primary open reduction and internal fixation. The components of the first stage are focused primarily on stabilization of the soft tissue envelope. If fibula is fractured, fibular open reduction and internal fixation is integral part of initial management for reducing the majority of tibial deformities. Ankle-spanning temporary external fixator is used to restore limb alignment and displaced intraarticular fragments through ligamentotaxis and distraction. And the second stage, definitive open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial component, is undertaken when the soft tissue injury has resolved and no infection sign is seen on pin site of external fixator. The goals of definitive internal fixation should include absolute stability and interfragmentary compression of reduced articular segments, stable fixation of the articular segment to the tibial diaphysis, and restoration of coronal, transverse, and sagittal plane alignments. The location, rigidity, and kinds of the implants are based on each individual fractures. The conventional plate fixation has more advantages in anatomical reduction of intraarticular fractures than locking compression plate. But it has more complications as infection, delayed union and nonunion. The locking compression plate fixation provides greater stability and lesser wound problem than conventional implants. But the locking compression plate remains poorly defined for intraarticular fractures of the distal tibia. Active, active assisted, passive range of motion of the ankle is recommended when postoperative rehabilitation is started. Splinting with the foot in neutral is continued until suture is removed at the 2~3 weeks and weight bearing is delayed for approximately 12 weeks. The recognition of the soft tissue injury has evolved as a critical component of the management of pilon fractures. At this point, the second staged treatment of pilon fractures is good treatment option because of it is designed to promote recovery of the soft tissue envelope in first stage operation and get a good result in definitive reduction and stabilization of the articular surface and axial alignment in second stage operation.