• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.403-416
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• 1998

Socket pressure distributions with gait analysis of a trnsfemoral and a transtibial prostheses were measured in order to assess an optimal socket fitting and function. Ankle joint was aligned by the neutral and the dorsi/plantar flexed positions. Compared to dorsi and plantar flexed positions of ankle joint, cadence and walking speed increased with the neutral ankle joint alignment. Other gait parameters were close to the normative data with the neutral ankle joint alignment. For the transfemoral amputee, dorsiflexed alignment of the ankle joint created high pressure on the lateral aspect of the socket, on the other hand, plantarflexed alignment resulted in increased pressure on the medial aspect of the socket. For the transtibial amputee, dorsiflexed alignment of the ankle resulted in high pressure on the antero-lateral aspect of the socket during mid-stance, but apltarflexion of the ankle joint showed slight increases in pressure at the same location in the socket. The present study clearly demonstarted that malalignment of a prosthesis results in localized increasesing pressure within the socket. Proper slignment of the prosthesis is required in order to acquire an appropriate socket-limb interface as well as the proper gait.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2014

Ocean Literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on you and your influence on the ocean. This research developed the 7 ocean education model courses using ocean literacy based on the analysis of ocean education programs which executed 23 agencies in Busan. These model courses are combined in the type of indoor theory, indoor experience, field study and field experience. Also, this makes the guide map for ocean education in a 76cm*56cm size to distinguish and choose the course easily. This map is the format combined in geological location and tourist attraction spots in Busan, includes education centers, contents, lead time and so on, and it is possible for educatees to handle their preference and seasonality elastically. This map including ocean education model course is a milestone to activate ocean education, and is helpful to reach the goal of ocean education and to lead ocean professionals. In addition, this research presents the development of teaching materials, training aids to complement the weakness of indoor education, the development of cyber education through making video contents as the activation measures of ocean education.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.195-200
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• 2011

KS F 2782 (for shotcrete accelerators) standard cross-section of tunnel construction or repair is a reinforcement used in the field of shotcrete accelerators as a criterion in assessing shotcrete performance. Thus, KS F 2782 by standard accelerator will determine the nature of the product of concrete accelerators that will be used to record variations in the product roles, through determination of the quality of the experimental method to identify only the quality of the many variables that exist. This evaluation standard has so far distinguished accelerator products in indoor experiments that do not meet quality standards but were mostly for an on-site accelerator mixed with the shotcrete after being quite satisfied with the level of quality in a certain number of products. This observation is derived from the results of an indoor experiment considered to verify whether the site is suitable for indoor experiments, and whether its actual location in the city is relevant to the accelerator quality, to find a way to test if it fits. This study centers on the material conditions of the shotcrete accelerator and a variety of experimental results, and used the Gilmore needle to compare the compressive strength and KS F 2782 specification of the accelerator as a means to ensure product quality conformity analysis and for further research experiments. In conclusion, a portion of KS F 2782 standard that fixes the problems that can be resolved from the ground up as a whole is not a review for the domestic reality. As an indoor experiment to ensure uniformity in the field when applied in a sufficient correlation, complement must be in place.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2018

The proposed model to predict the bridge load carrying capacity uses the impact response spectrum. The spectrum is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam and the center of the bridge width for the moving load location. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the eccentric moving load effects on the impact factor and response factor. For this, this study considers 10 m width and two-lane simply supported slab bridges and performs the moving load analysis to investigate the variations of peak impact factor and corresponding response factor. The numerical results show that the eccentric load increases both the static and dynamic displacements, but the impact factor is decreased since the incremental amount of static displacement is bigger than that of dynamic displacement. However, the difference of the impact factors between the center and eccentric loadings is small showing less than 0.5%p. In the response factor, the eccentric loading increases both the static and dynamic response factors, compared to the center loading. The difference of the response factor is only 0.18%p. It shows that the eccentric loading has very small effects on the response factor, thus the impact factor response spectrum which is generated based on the center moving load can be used to determine the response factor.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

This study presents the emergency assessment method about seismic safety of cable-supported bridges using seismic acceleration sensors installed on the primary structural elements of them. The structural models of bridges are updated iteratively to make their dynamic characteristics to be similar to those of real bridges based on the comparison of their natural frequencies with those of real bridges estimated from acceleration data measured at ordinary times by the seismic acceleration sensor. The displacement at the location of each seismic acceleration sensor is derived by seismic analysis using design earthquake, and the peak value of them is determined as the disaster management criteria in advance. The displacement time history is calculated by the double integration of the acceleration time history which is recorded at each seismic acceleration sensor and filtered by high cut(low pass) and low cut(high pass) filters. Finally, the seismic safety is evaluated by the comparison of the peak value in calculated displacement time history with the disaster management criteria determined in advance. The applicability of proposed methodology is verified by performing the seismic safety assessment of 12 cable-supported bridges using the acceleration data recorded during Gyeongju earthquake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Recently the first stage of construction for Busan new port emerged over the sea surface at the north container terminal site. With this, there are lot of discussions and debates on increasing the water depth at the approaching channel and mooring basin from the existing 15m to 18m by dredging work in order to be able to serve 12,000TEU containership, and at the same time, correction to the reclamation plan of hinterland at the part of Undong Bay of the new port site. Since the attack of typhoon 'Maemi' in 2003, it is expected that the design wave parameters for coastal and harbor structures in this area would be somewhat changed and so the extreme wave condition at each terminal and tranquility of berthing area does, and therefore, it is necessary to analyze the tranquility at each berth. Hence in this study, we constructed a wave model for these conditions and performed simulation together with the circulation model simulation, compared with the field data collected. The result showed the increase of the harbor response throughout the basin but not severe condition. However, a certain location needs to be prepared for the rough sea condition when a severe typhoon hit the site.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.587-598
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• 2015

We examined various existing threshold methods for the determination of the first arrival time of acoustic emission (AE), and developed a new variable threshold method that could determine the first arrival time of AE more accurately and more quickly than existing methods. The new method, a modification of an existing threshold method, does not fix the threshold, but applies variable thresholds for the AE signals according to noise analysis. Two- and three-dimensional models were established to test the effectiveness of the new method. It could determine source locations of AE in a two-dimensional model 38.3% more accurately than the pre-existing threshold methods. Its accuracy improvement over the existing methods in a three-dimensional model was about 15.2%. A practical test involved measuring the source locations of AE during three-point bending tests of granite cores. The new method placed the sources closer to the fracture plane than did the pre-existing methods, indicating its superior (and quicker) ability to determine the source locations of AE.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2008

When we evaluate slope stability, we regard the slope homogeneous and evaluate slope stability at the most dangerous portion of slope. However, since conditions and properties of rock mass/soil are different from one location to another within a single slope, slope stability evaluated by current concept can not represent slope correctly. This also result in over-reinforcement at the portion where reinforcement is not necessary. In order to solve these problems, we suggest a cell unit evaluation method in which we apply small rectangular cells in a slope and regard each cell as a single slope. In this method, slopes are classified into soil slope and rock slope depending on materials. Strength of rock, volumetric joint count, spacing of joints, condition of joints, ground water condition and so on are examined and SMR and condition index values are calculated. Finally, all data and results are presented as contour maps. We apply the cell unit evaluation method into 3 cut slopes. SMR values estimated by the new method are larger than those by current concept at most portions of slope, indicating that the new method suggested by this research represent slope stability more correctly than methods which were used. This method will prevent over-reinforcement at the portion of slope where reinforcement is not necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.525-535
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• 2019

In this study, 49 major WCS(Wildlife Crossing Structure), including Baekdu-daegan, were evaluated for the effectiveness of WCS on using the daily average frequency index and diversity Index comparing the number of species that appear with the surrounding habitats. According to the analysis, the average use frequency of the entire WCS was 1.4 times, and the average number of WCS exceeded the average was 17 and 34.7 percent of the total. There were 18 WCS with the same number of habitats and species that appeared in the same area, or 36.7 percent of the total. The daily average use frequency and variety were all analyzed at 10 efficient WCS, accounting for 20.4 percent of the total. According to the results of an site survey on the compliance rate of 4 efficient WCS, the compliance rate of the Deoksanjae overpass was the best in location selection, specifications, vegetation cover and soil, fence. The results of this research will be used as basic data for the study of WCS effectiveness, including the improvement of functions of new and installed WCS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.955-968
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• 2010

Three-dimensional body data has been used in many industry fields including the apparel industry. This research used data from a study of the changes in lower body girth measurements from a 3D scan study of 25 female subjects aged 18 to 24 in four postures; a standing posture, a $120^{\circ}$ knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with a $90^{\circ}$ knee bend. We used the information on the difference between standing and seated measurements to adjust ease values for pants patterns an evaluation of the appearance, and the comfort of the pants. Waist girth in the sitting posture increased 8% compared to a standing posture and the hip girth measurement increased 7%. A basic pants pattern (pants A) with 2.4cm ease at the waist and 2.6cm ease at the hip was developed and a pants pattern (pants B) was developed using the rates of lower body girth change with a 5.7cm ease (8% change) at the waist and 7cm ease (7% change) at the hip. The appearance assessment items of pants A in a standing posture were higher than pants B. On the other hand, most appearance assessment items of pants B in a sitting posture were higher than pants A, especially the ease of pants back waistline and the appearance of the whole back. Comfort assessment items of pants B in both standing and sitting postures were higher than the comfort assessment items for pants A, especially the location of pants waistline, the ease of pants at the waistline, and the ease at the abdomen. In order to find the best level of ease for better appearance and comfort in both standing and sitting postures, 20 pants were constructed with ease values at the waist and hip in increments of 1.1cm in the range between the ease values of pants A and pants B. A fit test was conducted to compare the average appearance and comfort ratings that identified the pants with the best ease values at the waist and hip. The highest total mean was achieved in the pants with a waist ease of 4.6cm and hip ease of 4.8cm.