• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2013

A graphene-Zn/Al layered double hydroxide composite film was simultaneously prepared by electrochemical deposition on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (G-LDH/GCE) from the mixture solution containing GO and nitrate salts of $Zn^{2+}$ and $Al^{3+}$. The modified electrode showed good electrochemical performances toward the simultaneous electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CA) and resorcinol (RE) due to the unique properties of graphene (G) and LDH such as large active surface area, facile electronic transport and high electrocatalytic activity. The redox characteristics of G-LDH/GCE were investigated with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The well-separated oxidation peak potentials, corresponding to the oxidation of HQ, CA and RE, were observed at 0.126 V, 0.228 V and 0.620 V respectively. The amperometric response of the modified electrode exhibited that HQ can be detected without interference of CA and RE. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current of HQ is linear with the concentration of HQ from 6.0 ${\mu}M$ to 325.0 ${\mu}M$ with the detection limit of 0.077 ${\mu}M$ (S/N=3). The modified electrode was successfully applied to the direct determination of HQ in a local tap water, showing reliable recovery data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1137-1147
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• 2020

The discrete ordinates method (S_N) is one of the major shielding calculation method, which is suitable for solving deep-penetration transport problems. Our objective is to explore the available quadrature sets and to improve the accuracy in shielding problems involving strong anisotropy. The linear discontinuous finite-element (LDFE) quadrature sets based on the icosahedron (in short, ICLDFE quadrature sets) are developed by defining projected points on the surfaces of the icosahedron. Weights are then introduced in the integration of the discontinuous finite-element basis functions in the relevant angular regions. The multivariate secant method is used to optimize the discrete directions and their corresponding weights. The numerical integration of polynomials in the direction cosines and the Kobayashi benchmark are used to analyze and verify the properties of these new quadrature sets. Results show that the ICLDFE quadrature sets can exactly integrate the zero-order and first-order of the spherical harmonic functions over one-twentieth of the spherical surface. As for the Kobayashi benchmark problem, the maximum relative error between the fifth-order ICLDFE quadrature sets and references is only -0.55%. The ICLDFE quadrature sets provide better integration precision of the spherical harmonic functions in local discrete angle domains and higher accuracy for simple shielding problems.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2003년도 전지기술심포지움
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• pp.141-151
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• 2003

The electrochemical activity of the olivine type $LiMPO_4$ (M=transition metals) cathodes strongly depends on various factors, e.g., the transition metal element M, perturbative doping of the supervalent cations into Li site, composite formation with conductive additives, state of charge/discharge, and particle size and its geometries, etc. This is, therefore, an important issue of interdisciplinary between electrochemistry and solid state science towards practical applications. In order to shed light on this interesting but complicated issue with the transport properties and crystallographic aspects, systematic discussion will be made with the review of our recent publications; (1) first principle derivation of the electronic structures, (2) crystallographic mapping of the selected solid solutions, (3) quantitative elucidation of the electron-lattice interaction, (4) spectroscopic detection of the local environment with Mossbauer and EXAFS, (5) synthetic optimization of the electrode composite, and (6) electrochemical evaluation of the reaction kinetics, particularly on M = Fe, Mn.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2014

A new technique, namely the combination of satellite and trajectory analysis (CSTA), for exploring the spatio-temporal distribution information of volcanic ash plume (VAP) from volcanic eruption. CSTA uses the satellite derived ash property data and a matching forward-trajectories, which can generate airmass history pattern for specific VAP. In detail, VAP properties such as ash mask, aerosol optical thickness at 11 ${\mu}m$ ($AOT_{11}$), ash layer height, and effective radius from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) satellite were retrieved, and used to estimate the possibility of the ash forecasting in local atmosphere near volcano. The use of CSTA for Iceland's Eyjafjallaj$\ddot{o}$kull volcano erupted in May 2010 reveals remarkable spatial coherence for some VAP source-transport pattern. The CSTA forecasted points of VAP are consistent with the area of MODIS retrieved VAP. The success rate of the 24 hour VAP forecast result was about 77.8% in this study. Finally, the use of CSTA could provide promising results for VAP monitoring and forecasting by satellite observation data and verification with long term measurement dataset.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2003년도 춘계학술연구발표회
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• pp.8-8
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• 2003

Electron-phonon interaction plays a significant role in forming of colossal magnetoresistance effect (CMR). Polaron formation was observed by neutron diffraction and by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Local probe as given by the EXAFS is a useful method to study the polaronic charge and its dependence on temperature and ions size. Here we present the EXAFS study of polaronic charge in La/sub 0.7/Ca/sub 0.3-X/Ba/sub X/MnO₃ compositions. The single phase La/sub 0.7/Ca/sub 0.3-X/Ba/sub X/MnO₃ manganites (x=0; 0.03; 0.06, ..., 0.3) were prepared by ceramic technology [1]. The Curie temperature was determined by extrapolation of the temperature dependence of the magnetization (down to zero magnetization). EXAFS experiments were carried out at the 7C EC beam line of the Pohang Light Source (PLS) in Korea. The atomic pair distribution functions (PDF) were obtained by re-regularization method [2] from filtered spectra. The PDF for the x=0.3 sample showed a single peak function and for x=0.0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 compositions were asymmetric in agreement with a small Jahn-Teller elongation of two (short and long) bonds of the MnO/sub 6/ octahedron. Dispersion, σ/sub Min-O//sup 2/, and asymmetry, σ/sub Min-O//sup 3/, of the Mn-O bond distances varied significantly with x and showed a maximums at x=0.09. The maximum of σ/sub Min-O//sup 2/ is caused by increase of dynamic rms displacements of the Mn-O distances near the T/sub C/. The observed x dependence of σ/sub Min-O//sup 3/ reflects the reduction of charge carriers mobility at approaching to T/sub C/ from low as well as high temperatures.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.552-554
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• 1999

포논산란과 임팩트이온화 모델은 풀밴드 모델과 페르미 황금법칙을 이용한 고에너지 영역에서 hot carrier 전송을 해석하기 위해서 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 77K와 300k에서 실제에너지 밴드 구조를 이용한 Si의 임팩트이온화 과정에 대해서 온도 의존성을 조사했다. 풀밴드 모델은 local form factors을 이용한 의사포텐셜방법에서 얻어지고, 산란율 계산에 이용된다. 정확한 임팩트이온화율 계산은 파동벡터와 주파수에 의존하는 유전함수를 필요로 한다. 포논 산란율은 상태밀도에 선형적으로 의존하기 때문에 포논산란율과 상태밀도의 비에 대한 선형함수 유도에 의해서 구해진다 임팩트이온화율 $P_{ii}$ 는 first principle's theory로부터 계산되어지고, 수정된 Keldysh 공식에 의해서 최적화되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2024

Ceramic materials are being explored as alternatives to toxic lead sheets for radiation shielding due to their favorable properties like durability, thermal stability, and aesthetic appeal. However, crafting effective ceramics for radiation shielding entails complex processes, raising production costs. To investigate local viability, this study evaluated Malaysian ceramic tiles for shielding in diagnostic X-ray rooms. Different ceramics in terms of density and thickness were selected from local manufacturers. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) characterized ceramic compositions, while Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (MC PHITS) simulations determined Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half-value Layer (HVL), Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), and Mean Free Path (MFP) within the 40-150 kV energy range. Comparative analysis between MC PHITS simulations and real setups was conducted. The C3-S9 ceramic sample, known for homogeneous full-color structure, showcased superior shielding attributes, attributed to its high density and iron content. Notably, energy levels considerably impacted radiation penetration. Overall, C3-S9 demonstrated strong shielding performance, underlining Malaysia's potential ceramic tile resources for X-ray room radiation shielding.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

가연성 물질의 안전한 취급, 저장, 수송, 조작 및 공정설계에 필요한 열화학적 파라미터로는 폭발한계, 인화점, 최소자연발화온도, 최소산소농도, 연소열 등을 들 수 있다. 특히 폭발한계와 최소자연발화온도는 가연성 물질의 화재 및 폭발 위험성을 결정하는데 중요한 특성으로 이용된다. LNG공정 안전을 위해 메탄의 폭발한계와 최소자연발화온도를 고찰하였다. 메탄의 폭발하한계와 상한계는 공기 중에서 각 각 4.8 vol$\%$와 16 vol$\%$를 추천하며, 최소자연발화온도는 전면 가열인 경우는 $540^{\circ}C$, 국소 고온표면인 경우는 약 $1000^{\circ}C$를 추천한다. 또한 메탄의 폭발한계 온도 및 압력의존성에 대한 새로운 예측식을 제시하였으며, 제시된 식에 의한 예측값은 문헌값과 일치하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2019

To investigate the influence of pollution events on the chemical composition and formation processes of aerosol particles, 24-h integrated size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was collected during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea and was used to determine the concentrations of mass, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and ionic species. Furthermore, black carbon (BC) concentrations were observed with an aethalometer. The entire sampling period was classified into four periods, i.e., typical, pollution event I, pollution event II, and an Asian dust event. Stable meteorological conditions (e.g., low wind speed, high surface pressure, and high relative humidity) observed during the two pollution events led to accumulation of aerosol particles and increased formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol species, thus causing $PM_{2.5}$ increase. Furthermore, these stable conditions resulted in the predominant condensation or droplet mode size distributions of PM, WSOC, $NO_3{^-}$, and $SO{_4}^{2-}$. However, difference in the accumulation mode size distributions of secondary water-soluble species between pollution events I and II could be attributed to the difference in transport pathways of air masses from high-pollution regions and the formation processes for the secondary chemical species. The average absorption ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent ($AAE_{370-950}$) for 370-950 nm wavelengths > 1.0 indicates that the BC particles from traffic emissions were likely mixed with light absorbing brown carbon (BrC) from biomass burning (BB) emissions. It was found that light absorption by BrC in the near UV range was affected by both secondary organic aerosol and BB emissions. Overall, the pollution events observed during fall at the study site can be due to the synergy of unfavorable meteorological conditions, enhanced secondary formation, local emissions, and long-range transportation of air masses from upwind polluted areas.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

고압 환경에서 규산염 용융체의 원자 구조에 대한 정보는 지구 내부 마그마의 열전도율이나 주변 암석과의 원소 분배계수와 같은 이동 물성을 이해하는 단서를 제공한다. 규소의 전자 구조는 규산염 다면체 주변의 산소 원자 분포와 연관성을 가질 것으로 예상되나, 이 사이의 상관관계가 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 SiO₂의 고밀도화에 따른 규소의 전자 구조 변화의 미시적인 기원을 규명하기 위해 SiO₂ 동질이상의 규소 부분 상태 밀도와 L₃-edge X-선 흡수분광분석(X-ray absorption spectroscopy; XAS) 스펙트럼을 계산하였다. 규소의 전도 띠 영역에서 전자 구조는 결정 구조에 따라서 변화하였다. 특히 d-오비탈은 108, 130 eV 영역에서 배위 환경에 따른 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 계산된 XAS 스펙트럼은 규소 전도 띠의 s,d-오비탈에서 기인하는 피크를 보였으며, 결정 구조에 따라 s,d-오비탈과 유사한 양상으로 변화했다. 계산된 석영의 XAS 스펙트럼은 SiO₂ 유리의 XR S 실험 결과와 유사하였으며 규소 주변 원자 환경이 비슷하기 때문으로 생각된다. XAS 스펙트럼을 수치화한 무게 중심 값은 Si-O 결합 거리와 밀접한 상관관계를 가지며 이로 인하여 고밀도화 과정에서 체계적으로 변화한다. 본 연구의 결과는 Si-O 결합 거리에 민감한 규소 L_2,3-edge XRS가 규산염 유리 및 용융체의 고밀도화 기작을 규명하는 과정에서 유용하게 적용될 수 있음을 지시한다.