• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

The present study was investigated the local heat transfer characteristics and temperature distribution on the louver fin by using the expansion model. Heat transfer rate, frost mass and temperature distribution of the louver fin under frosting condition were experimentally investigated. Local heat transfer rate and heat flux on the louver were analyzed by the conduction heat transfer between top and lower part of the louver. The experimental key parameter was brine inlet temperature(-5, -10, $-15^{\circ}C$). The heat transfer performance and frost mass at brine temperature of $-15^{\circ}C$ were increased by maximum 3 time than the brine temperature of $-5^{\circ}C$. At all experimental case, local heat transfer rate and heat flux of the louver were almost symmetry at the louver number of 6. Especially, local heat transfer rate and heat flux were maximum increased on the louver number of 4 and 8.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand a architectural characteristics of local church in Virginia, U. S. This study focuses on not only analyzing the worship and service program inherent in the site planning of local church but also introducing worship service space and chancel elements of it in the village of garden area. We surveyed five protestant churches where are located in suburban and rural area outside of Midlothian city in the early August, 2010. I surveyed church building site and worship service space of churches focused on platform design, interviewed the historical background and program of churches with ministers, and corrected annual calender and newsletter. The results of this study are as follows. First, the characteristics of site plan have a comfortable parking lots and site of churchyard(cemetery) with playground that can take an activities out of chapel. The axis of church building follows to front street. Second, worship services keep two types of traditional and comtemporary worship in order to consider of both adult and youth members. The worship hall has a balance of bilateral symmetry. Third, the form of platform is built that is able to perform a music drama and movement of sermon without only one church, GraceLand Church that church building has over fifty years, and they stick to simple traditional type of Chancel that is established by pulpit, table(altar), baptistery(only baptist church), music instruments, and so on.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.441-456
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• 2001

ABB-CE＇s regionalization methodology for the core inlet flow distribution map is reviewed. This methodology merges the test data of fuel assembly locations which are either in symmetry or strongly correlated with others. It increases the number of available test data for each regional flow factor It makes up effectively for the deficiency due to limited number of test data. It also contributes to making the core inlet flow distribution smoother not only locally but also over the entire core, and to relieving the impacts of test errors that may happen due to some do- calibrated local pressure measurement taps. As a result, the core inlet How distribution data becomes more statistically useful and thus the conservatism involved in handling the core inlet flow factors for the thermal margin analysis is expected to be reduced. Meanwhile, the regionalized map may lose the unique local characteristics in core inlet flow distribution too much. By an alternative approach introduced in the present work, it is shown that such a disadvantage can be mitigated somewhat if the engineering judgement is made more

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.834-839
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate the optimal base position and joint configuration of a planar wheeled mobile manipulator in terms of manipulability measure. Taking into account the level of coordination between a manipulator and a platform, both local and global optimization problems are considered. First, based on the kinematic models of a mobile manipulator, the manipulability measures are expressed along with the analysis of the configurational dependency. Second, the geometric symmetry of a mobile manipulator in view of manipulability measure is analyzed, and for some base positions, the best and worst joint configurations are determined, Third, with reverence to the maximum, minimum, and average manipulability measures, the optimal base positions are determined, and the percent improvements due to the base relocation are discussed considering the relative scales among the platform size, the wheel radius, and the link length.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.147-150
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• 2001

본 논문에서 는 NTGST(noise-tolerant generalized symmetry transform)[1]를 이용하여 복잡배경 영상으로부터 효과적으로 여러 얼굴을 검출할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 먼저 NTGST를 이용하여 얼굴이 존재할 가능성이 있는 관심영역(region of interest: ROI)을 찾고, 각각의 관심영역 내에서 얼굴의 주된 특징인 눈, 코, 입을 부각시킨 Fovea 영상으로부터 대칭변환의 국부 최대치(local maximum)를 구한다음, 이들간의 관계를 기하학적 상관 관계로 분석 확인함으로써 사람 얼굴만을 검출 하도록 하였다. 여러 얼굴을 포함하는 복잡한 배경 영상에 대해 제안한 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 89.7%의 검출율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

A field theoretical approach to deformation and fracture of solid-state material is outlined, and its application to diagnosis of deformational status of metal specimens is discussed. Being based on a fundamental physical principle known as local symmetry, this approach is intrinsically scale independent, and capable of describing all stages of deformation on the same theoretical foundation. This capability enables us to derive criteria that can be used to diagnose transitions from the elastic to plastic regime, and the plastic to fracturing regime. For practical applications of these criteria, an optical interferometric technique known as electronic speckle-pattern interferometry is proved to be quite powerful; it is able to visualize the criteria as a whole image of the object on a real-time basis without numerical processing. It is demonstrated that this method is able to reveal loading hysteresis as well.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2003

Nuclei with the spin quantum number not smaller than unity have not only the nuclear magnetic moment but also the electric quadrupole moment. The quadrupole moment couples with the electric field gradient (EFG) to produce the nuclear quadrupole interaction. It is well known that two independent parameters, i.e. the quadrupole coupling constant (QCC) and the asymmetry parameter ($\eta$) together with the principal axis directions can fully describe the interaction and are very sensitive to the local symmetry and structure of the solid. In order to obtain quantitative estimates of the EFG tensor for various simple ionic configurations surrounding the nucleus under consideration, we employ the simple point charge approximation and apply the calculated results to some real crystals. General agreement is rather satisfactory.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

The equilibrium geometry, adiabatic electron affinity, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities of 1,4,6,9-Tetra chlorinated dibenzo-$\rho$-dioxin anion have been studied using B3LYP method. The local minimum conformation is found to be twisted form with $D_2$ symmetry. The predicted adiabatic electron affinity is 0.54 eV. The predicted inversion barrier between twisted and planar conformers was 0.9 kcal/mol, thus we expect that experimentally observed structure seems to be planar. the characteristic IR band of 1,4,6,9-TCDD anion appears at 1510 $cm^4$, which is a benzene ring skeleton vibration mode related with CaCb and C2C3 bond. this characteristic band could be sued for identication of 1,4,6,9-TCDD anion.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1701-1704
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• 2005

We developed an machine vision method for navigation control of a traveling automatic guided vehicle(AGV) on desired trajectory with guided marks. The formulated EDF accumulates the edge magnitude for edge directions. The EDF has distinctive peak points at the vicinity of trajectory directions due to the directional and the positional continuities of desired trajectory. Examining the EDF by its shape parameters of the local maxima and symmetry axis results in identifying whether or not change in traveling direction of an AGV has occurred. Simulation results show that the presented method is useful for navigation control of AGV.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 1998

Ventilation of the marine engine room is very important for the health of the workers as well as the nomal operation of machines. To find proper ventilation conditions of this engine room, numerical simulation with standard k-.epsilon. model was carried out. In the present study, the marine engine room is considered as a closed space with a heat source and forced ventilation ducts. The injection angle of air supply is found to be important. Injection with downword angle depresses recirculation flow, causing a strong steam in the wider space of the room. Ventilation and removal of the released heat are promoted with this pattern. There is a possibility of local extreme heating at the upper surface of engine when supply and exhaust ports of air are in bilateral symmetry. The effect of the increase of exhaust port area on ventilation decreases as the number of supply port increases.