• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of disodium fumarate on the in vitro rumen fermentation profiles of different substrates and microbial communities. In experiment 1, nine diets (high-forage diet (forage:concentrate, e.g. F:C = 7:3, DM basis), medium-forage diet (F:C = 5:5, DM basis), low-forage diet(F:C = 1:9, DM basis), cracked corn, cracked wheat, soluble starch, tall elata (Festuca elata), perennial ryegrass and rice straw) were fermented in vitro by rumen microorganisms from local goats. The results showed that during 24 h incubations, for all substrates, disodium fumarate increased (p<0.05) the gas production, and tended to increase (p<0.10) the acetate, propionate and total VFA concentration and decrease the ratio of acetate to propionate, whereas no treatment effect was observed for the lactate concentration. The apparent DM loss for tall elata, perennial ryegrass and rice straw increased (p<0.05) with the addition of disodium fumarate. With the exception of tall elata, perennial ryegrass and rice straw, disodium fumarate addition increased the final pH (p<0.05) for all substrates. In experiment 2, three substrates (a high-forage diet, a medium-forage diet and a high concentrate diet) were fermented by mixed rumen microbes in vitro. A polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique was applied to compare microbial DNA fingerprints between substrates at the end of 24 h incubation. The results showed that when Festuca elata was used as substrate, the control and disodium fumarate treatments had similar DGGE profiles, with their similarities higher than 96%. As the ratio of concentrate increased, however, the similarities in DGGE profiles decreased between the control and disodium fumarate treatment. Overall, these results suggest that disodium fumarate is effective in increasing the pH and gas production for the diets differing in forage: concentrate ratio, grain cereals and soluble starch, and in increasing dry matter loss for the forages (tall elata, perennial ryegrass and rice straw) in vitro, whereas its effect on changes of ruminal microbial community may largely depend on the general nature of the substrate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.942-948
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• 2005

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a non-synonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variable-region-like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1989

법랑아세포종은 결체조직에 최소의 유도적인 변화를 나타내며 양성이지만 지속성이나 국소적으로 악성양상을 띄는 가장 흔한 형태의 치계 종양이다. 호발연령은 주로 20세부터 50세 사이이며, 임상증상은 환자마다 다양하게 나타나며 상악보다 하악에 호발하며 완만한 성장 속도를 나타낸다. 법랑아세포종의 방사선학적 특징은 병소의 본질과 국소적인 골반응에 의하며, 재발은 약 33%로 흔하며 이것은 불완전한 병소부의 제거로 인한 것이다. 29세의 여성환자에서 하악 우측 소구치부터 하악지까지 발생한 재발성 법랑아세포종의 외과적 절재후 장골 이식과 금속판을 이용한 즉시 재건술을 시행한바 이러한 재건술을 이용하여 양호한 기능, 단기간의 악간고정 기간, 그리고 다른 재건술 보다 용이하였던 바 이에 지견을 얻어 보고드리는 바입니다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2006

In order to understand the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and high $O_3$ concentration days, regional data from seven air quality monitoring stations which were operated by local governments were analyzed Regional characteristics of $O_3$ concentration were analyzed with the data of $O_3$ concentration and the characteristics of $O_3$ generation and weather conditions by the selection of the days in which the concentration was higher than 80 ppb. In the case of daily variation, the lowest $O_3$ concentration was shown in all regions from 7am to 8am and the highest around at 4 pm. The monthly variation of mean $O_3$ concentration and ${\Delta}O_3$ values revealed a reducing pattern in July and August following the peak in June, and again a gradual increasing trend in September and October. The result shows that the amount of ozone is dependent on photochemical reaction. The days of $O_3$ generated more than 80 ppb in the region of Gwangyang-bay were 544 days(1,760 hrs). The frequency of occurrence in the region revealed a strong pattern with the order of Samil-dong, Jinsang, and Gwangmu-dong stations in the Gwangyang region. However, Tein-dong, which is the nearest station to air pollution material generation source, showed the lowest frequency in the study area. Consequently, the meteorological parameters which can easily generate the high concentration of $O_3$ in the region of Gwangyang-bay are characterized as follows; atmospheric temperature which is higher than $19^{\circ}C$, relative humidity with the range of $60{\sim}85%$, the less average wind velocity than 5 m/s, cloud cover which is less than 5/10, and the more duration of sunshine than 8 hours.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제35권
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• pp.289-317
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• 1998

본 연구는 18년간의 보수당 정권 하에서 영국의 사회주택정책이 겪은 변화의 주요 내용과 결과를 고찰함으로써 그 성격을 파악하고 무리 나라에 유용한 정책적 합의를 획득하려는 목적을 갖는다. 연구자는 연구를 위하여 1년 동안 영국에 머물면서 주제와 관련된 1,2차 자료들은 물론, 현지 학자들의 의견에 직접 접할 기회도 활용하였다. 사회주택정책의 변화는 70년대 경제 위기 이후의 영국 복지국가 재편작업의 일환으로 추진되었다. 보수당 정부는 시영주택의 대규모 매각 등 민영화와 시장화 정책을 정열적으로 추진하였으며, 공공지출의 삭감과 보조금 제도의 개혁 등을 통하여 이를 뒷받침하였다. 정책변화의 결과 주거유형의 분포와 지방정부의 역할 등에서 가시적인 변화가 나타났으며, 사회정책적으로는 주택부족, 공공부문의 잔여화 현상, 주거비 부담의 증대, 보조금 배분의 역진성, 의존의 증가 둥 부정적 현상이 두드러졌고, 목적했던 공공지출의 삭감도 달성하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 결국 복지국가 위기에 대한 신자유주의적 대응은 국가역할의 철폐가 아닌 재 정향으로 나타났으며, 이에 따를 복지국가의 변화된 모습 둥은 우리나라 사회주택정책의 정립과 복지국가 모델의 형성을 위해 시사하는 바가 크다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.869-878
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• 1999

표재성 방광암의 치료는 경요도적 절제술 후 방광내 BCG 투여가 표준적인 치료로 알려져 있다. 방광내 BCG 투여 후 가장 흔한 부작용은 방광자극, 빈뇨감, 배뇨 곤란 등이며 항결핵제를 사용해야 할 정도의 전신적인 부작용은 5% 이하로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 표재성 방광암 환자에서 경요도적 절제술 후 방광내 BCG 주입치료 후 폐합병증이 발생한 2예를 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 1997

In order to design a 24 hr sustained release preparation of sulindac for oral administration, fast release pellet (FR), slow release pellet (SR) and two combined formulation (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) were prepared. The pharmacokinetic effect of such preparations has been evaluated using rabbits as a suitable in vivo model, and tested in man. Dose determination was carried out using curve fitting according to RSTPJP II program. In bioavailability test using rabbit, AUCs of sulindac in a few designed formulations were similar to each other. $C_{max}$- of RF and SR were 1.8 times and 1.2 times higher, respectively, compared to that of combined formulation (FR:SR=1:1). While plasma concentration of FR and SR decreased rapidly, that of combined formulation (FR:SR 1:1) lasted at the level close to $C_{max}$ for 24 hrs. Plasma concentration of sulfide form from the combined pellet(FR:SR=1:1) lasted for 24 hrs, and its AUC value was 1.4-fold, 2.7-fold. and 1.2-fold greater than FR pellet, SR pellet and combined pellet (FR:SR 1 : 2). Thus, the combined pellet of 1:1 ratio was found to be the most effective for oral sustained release formulation. Bioavailability test in human showed that AUC of sulfide from TSRP (1 : 1) was approximately 1.5 times greater than total AUC of Immbaron$^{\circledR}$ administered twice in a day. While $T_{max}$ of sulfide from lmmbaron$^{\circledR}$ was 4.33 +/- 1.37 hr (lst administration) and 3.33 ${pm}$ 0.82 hr (2nd administration), respectively, that of sulfide from TSRP increased to 7.17 ${pm}$ 2.86 hr. Plasma concentration of sulfide from TSRP was sustained at more, than 1.0 ${\mu}g{\cdot}$hr/ml until 24 hrs after one dose administration. In addition, TSRP may decrease local adverse reaction in the stomach, since plasma concentration of sulfide from the combined pellet was low within 2hrs in the stomach. In conclusion, it is suggested that TSRP formulation may be effective for oral 24 hr sustained release formulation of sulindac dosing 300 ~ 350mg once a day.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2010

본 연구는 기업이 원하는 맞춤형 인재육성과 함께 질적 불일치 해소와 최근 대두되고 있는 무업자 증가 및 청년실업률 완화에 기여할 수를 있기 위해 단순 교육차원의 산학협력이 아닌 고용이라는 실질적 가치창출로 연계되는 IT인턴쉽 모델 개발과 활성화를 목적으로 하고 있다. IT인턴쉽 시범운영한 참여기업 및 인턴학생에 대해서 CIPP모형을 활용한 실태조사를 한 결과, 재학 중의 인턴쉽 경험이 취업에 도움을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 현장실습기간이 길수록 취업에 도움의 정도가 커진다고 생각하고 있다. 학력보다는 전공 및 직무위주의 인턴사원을 매칭하고 사전교육의 효과로 신입사원 수준의 업무를 부여하고 수행하여 인턴쉽 내용이 질적으로 상승하게 되었다. 지방학생 채용비율 56%로 지역특화 산업과 연관된 기술 분야의 지방학생에 대한 기업의 선호도가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 연수기관의 87%가 재참여 희망하였으며, 이중 61% 연수생을 채용 희망의사를 표시하여 고용연계 가능성을 확인 하였다. 또한 연수생들의 68.3%가 인턴 후 중소기업에 대해 긍정적으로 이미지 전환되어 인턴사업이 중소기업에 대한 기존의 부정적 선입견 완화에 기여 하고 있음을 보여 주고 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

차아염소산나트륨은 근관 세척 시 널리 쓰이는 약제이다. 근관계의 멸균에는 효과적이나, 부작용에 대해서는 알려진 바가 많지 않으며 특히 유치에서 근관세척제로 사용 시 부작용에 대한 보고는 거의 없었다. 본 증례는 차아염소산나트륨이 유치의 치근단을 통과하였을 때 심각한 부작용을 일으킬 수 있음을 보여준다. 만 4세 여아가 치과의원에서 차아염소산나트륨을 이용한 상악 유중절치의 재근관 치료 중 급격한 안면 부종과 통증으로 본원 응급실로 의뢰되었다. 전신적 스테로이드제, 항히스타민제, 항생제 및 진통제를 투여하고, 해당 치아는 2차 감염 예방을 위해 발거하였다. 2일 후 부종이 감소하기 시작하였다. 차아염소산나트륨에 대한 알레르기 반응 검사 결과 음성을 나타내었다. 유치의 근관 세척 시에는 차아염소산나트륨이 치주조직으로 압출되지 않도록 철저히 주의해야 하며, 부작용이 일어날 경우 통증 및 부종 완화와 약물 치료가 필요하다.