• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

The longitudinal dynamic behaviors of the bridge system consisting of multiple simply supported spans under seismic excitations are examined considering pounding effects. The pounding phenomena between adjacent girders which may consequently result in the span collapses are modeled by using the multi-degree-of-freedom system, The inelastic behavior of the RC pier is also considered by adopting the hysteresis loop model and the p-$\delta$ effect. Motions of the foundation and abutment are also considered but the local damage resulting from the girder pounding assumed to be neligible. The developed model is found to give the appropriate information of the dynamic characteristics of the bridge behavior. It is observed that the pounding effect becomes significant as the peak acceleration of the seismic excitation increases. Under minor earthquakes the pounding tends to increase the relative displacements while under strong earthquakes it tends to decrease the relative displacements by restricting the longitudinal girder motions, therefore it is suggested that the pounding effects should be considered in the analysis of the relative displacements of the longitudinally adjacent girder motions.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

Lifeline system such as oil or gas pipelines and water supply facilities are vulneratble to seismic damages because they are widely exposed to ground failures. Most seismic design criteria of buried pipelines are based on the notion that the longitudinal compressive strain and therefore buckling controls the design. Buckling analysis of buried pipelines subjected to seismic loading is performed by considering the seismic load as the sinusoidally distributed compressive load on the beam on elastic foundation in contrast to existing studies where the buckling load is treated as an end load on the beam column, An approximated analytical solution is obtained by the energy method and its validity is confirmed by the linearized finite element buckling analysis. The results show the beam mode buckling because longitudinal strains at the buckling loads are substantially lower than the strain at the onset of local buckling.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2010

Recently, structures are becoming longer and higher because of the developments of new materials and construction techniques. However, such modern structures are more susceptible to excessive structural vibrations which cause deterioration in serviceability and structural safety. A modified probabilistic neural network(MPNN) approach is proposed to reduce the structural vibration. In this study, the global probability density function(PDF) of MPNN is reflected by summing the heterogeneous local PDFs automatically determined in the individual standard deviation of each variable. The proposed algorithm is applied for the vibration control of a three-story shear building model under Northridge earthquake. When the control results of the MPNN are compared with those of conventional PNN to verify the control performance, the MPNN controller proves to be more effective than PNN methods in decreasing the structural responses.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.396-403
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• 1999

This experimental study investigates the hysterestic behavior of traditional timber frames subjected to lateral loads. Prototype frames for this study were selected from one of typical national treasures for timber structures in Korea. For simplicity roof structures and braket systems were excluded from specimens and the joint behavior of beam-to-column system were presumed to have crucial effect on their global behavior. The experimental observation showed stiffness degradation and slip after experiencing initial yield and the first cycle at a new larger displacement due to inherent gaps in traditional timber connection and gradual indentation of interfaces, The cyclic behaviors of all specimens were similar to those os modern timber frames with bolt and nail connections. Additional structural members such as an upper beam and clay-filled wall increased the initial stiffness strength and energy dissipation. It is expected that collapse of Korean traditional timber frames under lateral load is mainly caused from P-$\Delta$ effects rather than local member failure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.589-611
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• 2016

This paper presents an analytical study aimed at evaluating the seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) retrofitted with different approaches. For this, 3, 6 and 12 storey MRFs having four equal bays of 5 m were selected as the case study models. The models were designed with lateral stiffness insufficient to satisfy code drift and hinge limitations in zones with high seismic hazard. Three different retrofit strategies including traditional diagonal bracing system and energy dissipation devices such as buckling restrained braces and viscoelastic dampers were used for seismic upgrading of the existing structures. In the nonlinear time history analysis, a set of ground motions representative of the design earthquake with 10% exceedance probability in fifty years was taken into consideration. Considering the local and global deformations, the results in terms of inter-storey drift index, global damage index, plastic hinge formations, base shear demand and roof drift time history were compared. It was observed that both buckling-restrained braces and viscoelastic dampers allowed for an efficient reduction in the demands of the upgraded frames as compared to traditional braces.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3C호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

한반도 남쪽 경계 부근에 위치한 지리산 내의 불교 사찰인 쌍계사에서 1936년 7월 4일 규모 5.0의 지진이 발생하였다. 이 지진으로 인하여 쌍계사 경내 건축물과 구조물이 심각한 피해를 입었으며, 특히 지진시 사찰 내 오층 석탑의 탑두가 전도하여 추락하였다. 이 지진 피해 사례는 역사 지진 발생 이외의 강진 기록이 전무한 중진 지역의 한반도에서의 지반 운동 세기 평가에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 쌍계사 부지에서의 국부적 부지 효과 및 그에 따른 지반 운동을 평가하기 위하여, 시추와 크로스홀 및 SASW 시험과 같은 현장 탄성파 시험으로 구성된 종합적인 지반 조사를 사찰 경내에서 수행하였다. 조사된 지반 특성을 토대로, 다양한 지진파를 적용한 부지고유 지진 응답 해석을 0.044g부터 0.220g 범위의 여섯 가지 입력 암반 노두 가속도 수준으로 대표적 쌍계사 부지에 대해 일차원 등가선형 및 비선형 기법을 적용하여 실시하였다. 부지고유 지진 응답 결과로부터 쌍계사의 부지 주기 부근의 단주기 영역에서 증폭된 지반 운동을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구의 부지 응답 해석 결과와 선행 연구의 석탑 실물 크기 지진 시험 결과를 비교 분석하여 1936년 지리산 지진의 암반 노두 지진 세기를 평가하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

1996년 12월 13일 강원도 영월군 지역에서 국지규모(M$_L$) 4.5의 지진이 발생하였다. 진앙은 37.2545$^{\circ}$N, 128.7277$^{\circ}$E이며, 지체구조구상 옥천습곡대에 해당한다. 지진자료의 필터링 대역에 따라 파형역산을 수행하였는데, 0.02$\sim$0.2 Hz 필터링 대역을 적용할 경우 진원 깊이는 6 km, 지진모멘트는 1.3$\times$10$^{16}$ N$\cdot$m로 추정되었다. 이 지진모멘트는 모멘트규모(M$_W$) 4.7에 해당한다. 파형역산과 P파의 초동 극성 분석을 통한 영월 지진의 발진기구는 역단층 성분을 포함한 주향이동단층 특성을 보이며, 주응력 방향은 동북동-서남서 방향이다. 스펙트럼 분석을 통해 추정된 모멘트규모는 4.8이며, 이는 파형역산에 의해 추정된 모멘트규모와 비슷하다. 평균 응력강하는 14.3 MPa로 추정되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

Korea is part of a region of low to moderate seismicity located inside the Eurasian plate with bedrock located at depths less than 30 m. However, the spectral acceleration obtained from site response analyses based on the geologic conditions of inland areas of the Korean peninsula are significantly different from the current Korean seismic code. Therefore, suitable site classification scheme and design response spectra based on local site conditions in the Korean peninsula are required to produce reliable estimates of earthquake ground motion. In this study, site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 sites with at least 100 sites at each site categories of $S_C$, $S_D$, and $S_E$ as defined in the current seismic code in Korea. The process of creating a huge database of input parameters - such as shear wave velocity profiles, normalized shear modulus reduction curves, damping curves, and input earthquake motions - for site response analyses were described. The response spectra and site coefficients obtained from site response analyses were compared with those proposed for the site categories in the current code. Problems with the current seismic design code were subsequently discussed, and the development and verifications of new site classification system and corresponding design response spectra are detailed in companion papers (II-development of new site categories and design response spectra and III-Verifications)

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2018

This study experimentally and analytically examines the seismic vulnerability of steel rack storage frames subjected to Korea earthquakes (2016 Gyeongju earthquake and 2017 Pohang earthquake). To achieve this aim, this study selects a three-story, one-bay steel rack frame with a typical configuration of rack frame in Korea. Firstly, the local behavior for frame components is examined by performing monotonic and/or cyclic load tests and the global response and dynamic characteristics of the subject rack frame are investigated by conducting a shaking table test. The analytical model of the rack frame is then created based on the experimental results and is used to perform nonlinear time history analyses with recorded Korea earthquakes. The seismic demand of the rack frame is considerably affected by the spectral acceleration response, instead of peak ground accelerations (peak floor accelerations). Moreover, the collapse fragility curve of the rack frame is developed using incremental dynamic analyses for the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. Fragility results indicate that the ground motion characteristics of these earthquakes do not significantly affect the frame vulnerability at the collapse state.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

학교는 지진재해시 학생 및 교직원의 안전을 확보하고 지역주민의 대피소로서 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 방재교육과 대피소에 필요한 방재기능 및 내진성능을 확보해야 한다. 학생 및 교직원의 지진방재능력 향상을 위해서는 도덕, 과학, 체육 등 교과과목에 지진방재에 관한 내용을 수록하여 지도하고, 지역주민과 교직원이 학교 방재시설 및 대피소를 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 방재계획과 매뉴얼 개발이 필요하다. 학교시설 내진화 및 내진보강은 내진설계가 적용되지 않은 건축물을 우선적으로 선정하여 철골브레이스와 내진벽체 공법 중심으로 추진하되, 사회적 합의를 위해 노후시설의 개축 등 교육환경 개선사업과 병행해야 한다. 또한, 학교시설을 대피소로 활용하기 위해서는 필요한 방재시설을 갖추고 방재기능 개선이 필요함을 제시하였다.