• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2007

This study was to determine the effect of cooling parts of the limbs without harm to health. The results provide basic data for the development of clothing which could increase work efficiency and reduce body strain in hot environments. Five male adults took part in the study, conducted in a climate chamber with an ambient temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 50%. The limbs were divided into six areas to be cooled: upper arm, forearm, thigh, calf, hand, and foot. According to preceding studies, permissible cooling safety limits of skin temperature for each part of the body for one-hour were $20^{\circ}C$ on the upper arm, forearm, thigh, and calf, and $23^{\circ}C$ on the hand and foot. For this reason, cooling the skin of each region was carried out at the above mentioned temperatures. In conclusion, cooling the hand and foot reduced perspiration, rectal temperature and heart rate. Therefore, the heat stress of workers exposed to hot environments would be reduced by decreased subjective sensations of heat and increased comfort. The effectiveness of cooling was better on the arm than on the leg.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to investigate weaving, traditional dyeing, fiber material, pattern how carpet developing according to Turkey area for using the data that can rear to the export strategic industry for carpet production and development that is correct in culture. The result are followed: 1) Life of the age was expressed in color and pattern using according to geographical environment, climate, lifestyle, religion etc. 2) In the case of weaving, there is Kilim, Soumak that appears only weft on the surface as plane weaving without knot and carpet of knotted pile weaving and knot of carpet is duplex knot difference with carpet of the other country. 3) In the case of textile material, there is use most wool fiber that can get easily from breeded sheep by nomads. 4) In the case of dyeing, did the local traditional color to use dye extracting in dyeing material that can get easily in the area. Red that can extract in madder that can get easily in which area of Turkey, dark navy blue of indigo dye that indigo plant fermentation and cream beige that is wool's natural color were exposed representative traditional color of Turkey carpet. 5) Pattern was advanced uniquely as culture of the area; weaving person's sensitivity and desire are reflected through centuries. Amulet, riches ＆ honors, fecundity and happiness appeared most pattern in any area.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$), man-made compound, has been paid attention as a potent greenhouse gas. After Kyoto Pototcol on Climate Change in 1997, nations established the policy aimed at minimizing release of $SF_6$ to atmosphere. We have developed and operated an automatic analytical system for monitoring atmospheric $SF_6$ using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and packed separate-column. Here, we report and discuss 4-month record of atmospheric $SF_6$ concentrations monitored at Seoul National University (SNU) pilot station near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul. Most of observed $SF_6$ concentrations were excessively high compared with Northern Hemisphere (NH) background trend obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) monitoring stations. And the observed $SF_6$ showed extremely wide variability ranging from 4.6 pptv to $1.1{\times}10^3$ pptv, which may be affected by local sources placed nearby. Simultaneous wind data with $SF_6$ measurements show that relatively high values of $SF_6$ correspond to weak wind as well as southerly. There are many engineering installations to the south of the station. The regional value of the atmospheric $SF_6$ estimated from the data selection by wind conditions is about 6.8 pptv. This value, which is similar to concentrations of urban areas, is higher than NH background concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.911-921
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• 2015

At least 150 indigenous African cattle breeds have been named, but the majority of African cattle populations remain largely uncharacterized. As cattle breeds and populations in Africa adapted to various local environmental conditions, they acquired unique features. We know now that the history of African cattle was particularly complex and while several of its episodes remain debated, there is no doubt that African cattle population evolved dramatically over time. Today, we find a mosaic of genetically diverse population from the purest Bos taurus to the nearly pure Bos indicus. African cattle are now found all across the continent, with the exception of the Sahara and the river Congo basin. They are found on the rift valley highlands as well as below sea level in the Afar depression. These unique livestock genetic resources are in danger to disappear rapidly following uncontrolled crossbreeding and breed replacements with exotic breeds. Breeding improvement programs of African indigenous livestock remain too few while paradoxically the demand of livestock products is continually increasing. Many African indigenous breeds are endangered now, and their unique adaptive traits may be lost forever. This paper reviews the unique known characteristics of indigenous African cattle populations while describing the opportunities, the necessity and urgency to understand and utilize these resources to respond to the needs of the people of the continent and to the benefit of African farmers.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to extract the sustainable characteristics of skyscraper housing design. Method: The method of the study was literature survey and content analysis techniques, and the target cases were 8 skyscraper housing design projects awarded from eVolo Skyscraper international competition. The sustainable features for analysis were categorized into social, cultural, economical and ecological sustainability and total 26 elements. Result: As a result, important elements were extracted, and profiles of elements in the projects were delineated, out of 26 design elements: 'Aesthetics', 'Climate Change', 'Resource Using Efficiency', 'Technical Innovation', 'local Employment' were shown dominant. While 8 projects showed the whole range of 26 elements, even though the project what by now is still an important problem for skyscraper, the result gives an insight into future sustainable skyscraper housing design.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2020

This study reviews how an aging society can be connected to the urban-built environment, transportation system, infrastructure, and climate change topics from the perspective of policy and innovation in science and technology. Each topic was described with the aging society that we will encounter in the near future. Based on the expected discussions, we suggested how policy and technological innovations may interact with the new emerging society. Especially, digital transformation is expected to hyper-connect the aging society beyond physical barriers where numerous policies and innovations in science and technology shed light on the elderly population. We observe, however, that this cannot be achieved only by the government sector; rather, municipal governments and local communities, as well as private sectors, all together need to prepare for the new society of the aging population. Furthermore, an ideal approach is to accommodate multidisciplinary studies that can address the policy and technological innovations simultaneously and collectively. By doing so, we can minimize the negative impacts when an aging society approaches.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the location characteristics of the rice paddy fields and to predict shrinking areas of them. The study area is in South Korea nationwide, and a 300×300m raster level is adopted as a spatial analysis unit. The binary logit model and spatial simulation model are employed for the analyses. As a result, population, industry, climate and nature, and accessibility play a significant role in determining rice paddy fields' locations. It is predicted that the shrinking rate will be high in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do until 2027. The hot spots are intensively shaped in the inland of Gangwon-do, eastern parts of Gyeonggi-do, and the borders of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollabuk-do between Charyeong and Sobaek mountain ranges. Using Gimcheon-si as an example, the study suggests fundamental policy implications for taking advantage of the simulation results from the lens of local agriculture. Several policy measures are proposed for improving management strategies for the rice paddy fields in the long run.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

The ancestors of China created various proper dwellings in the vast Chinese lands, according to distinct geographical environment, climate, and special local products. The purpose of this study is to compare features of 7 typical traditional Chinese dwellings in different areas from historical, geographical, structural and tinctorial aspects, in order to see what the differences are and rearrange them by these 4 different scales as estimate standards. By Comparing features between 7 traditional dwellings, advantages and disadvantages of them were found out. Not only natural terrain but also cultural mentality is an important factor that effected on the changes of regionality. The result showed that historical length in a certain extent reflected the differences between dwellings in different areas; there are more regular type dwellings in the northern China; dwellings in different structural material types following their regions; and, southern dwellings prefer natural and simple exterior colors. Also From construction aesthetics and culture perspective, Different cultures have cultivated and brought out different dwelling styles. Thus, protecting on traditional dwellings is of great necessities and this study will bring benefits in many aspects. For a further research, the result of this study can be utilized as the base data that suggest directions for effective Chinese residence planning in different areas meeting different demands.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-183
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• 2020

The first step of performance-based design for transmission lines is the determination of wind fields as well as wind loads, which are largely depending on local wind climate and the surrounding terrain. Wind fields in a mountainous area are very different with that in a flat terrain. This paper firstly investigated both mean and fluctuating wind characteristics of a typical mountainous wind field by wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The speedup effects of mean wind and specific turbulence properties, i.e., turbulence intensity, power spectral density (PSD) and coherence function, are highlighted. Then a hybrid simulation framework for generating three dimensional (3D) wind velocity field in the mountainous area was proposed by combining the CFD and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method given the properties of the target turbulence field. Finally, a practical 220 kV transmission line was employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed wind field generation framework and its role in the performance-based design. It was found that the terrain-induce turbulence effects dominate the performance-based structural design of transmission lines running through the mountainous area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.310-310
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• 2017

'Gawaji 1', an early maturing and low amylose content rice variety adaptable to double cropping system with barley as later winter crop., was developed by the crop breeding team of Crop Research Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea in 2016. 'Gawaji 1' was derived from a cross between 'Baegjinju' and 'Sangmibyeo' in 2004. This variety had heading date of August 4 in Gyeonggi Province. It had a semi-elect plant type and resistance to lodging with strong culm. Its culm length was 67 cm. This variety had 15 tillers per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. It was medium grain variety showing 1,000 grain weight of brown rice of 19.3g. Its protein contents of milled rice was 8.2% which was lower than 'Baegjinju'. Its milling ratio was 75.5% which was higher than 'Baegjinju'. The yield of milled rice was 5.0 MT/ha under the ordinary culture of the local adaptability test in 3 areas of Gyeonggi Province for three years. 'Gawaji1' is highly adaptable to Gyeonggi Province, especially to northern region of Han River.