• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.274-286
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• 2004

In mobile client-server environments, mobile clients usually are disconnected with their server because of high cost of wireless communication and keep their own local copies to provide efficient updating the cached map. The update of the server database leads to invalidation of the cached map in the client side. To solve the issues of invalidation of the cached map, it is not efficient to resend part of the updated server database to clients whenever the updating of the server database occurs. This paper proposes a log-based update propagation method to propagate the server's update into its relevant clients by using only update logs. Too many logs increasingly accumulate as the sever database is updated several times. The sequential search of the relevant log data for a specific client is time-consuming. Sending of unnecessary logs should be avoided for reducing the overhead of communication.'re solve these problems, we first define unnecessary logs and then suggest log reduction methods to avoid or cancel creating unnecessary logs. The update log index is used for quickly retrieving relevant logs.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of environmental inquiry activities and values of elementary school students written in their reports of the Energy Environment Inquiry Activity Contest which is a unit contest of the Youth Science Festival held annually in Korea and get some ideas for the valuable way of Korean environmental education. 10 teams' reports were gathered and the locality, class study area, inquiry theme, inquiry method and values were analyzed and introduced as case studies to get some insights to teach elementary school students environmental values through inquiry activities of science subject approach. Each teams set various inquiry themes in the content domain of energy resources and earth environment conservation focusing on each team's geographical characteristics and occurring environmental problems in their local areas. There were 16 sentences representing technocentrism and 12 sentences representing ecocentrism. 5 of 10 teams showed both of technocentrism and ecocentrism in their reports. But their was only scientific knowledge without any environmental values in one team's report. Inquiry activity is a good teaching-learning method to develop environmental literacy. There should be environmental values involved as far as it is the environmental inquiry activities using environmental subject matter. The result of this study proposes that environmental educators should actively intervene for inquirers to set a stage in the whole process to search for an alternative to solve environmental problems involved in their project activities. The reason is because the environmental education in the elementary school is established to operate by the infusion way into various subjects already existed in the Korean curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2021

The printing process can have to print various colors with a limited capacity of printing facility such as ink containers that are needed cleaning to change color. In each container, cleaning time exists to assign corresponding inks, and it is considered as the setup cost required to reduce the increasing productivity. The existing manual method, which is based on the worker's experience or intuition, is difficult to respond to the diversification of color requirements, mathematical modeling and algorithms are suggested for efficient scheduling. In this study, we propose a new type of scheduling problem for the printing process. First, we suggest a mathematical model that optimizes the color assignment and scheduling. Although the suggested model guarantees global optimality, it needs a lot of computational time to solve. Thus, we decompose the original problem into sequencing orders and allocating ink problems. An approximate function is used to compute the job scheduling, and local search heuristic based on 2-opt algorithm is suggested for reducing computational time. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, we compared the algorithms' performance. The results show that the suggested decomposition structure can find acceptable solutions within a reasonable time. Also, we present schematized results for field application.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2024

Tomini Bay in Gorontalo offers significant potential for amphidromous goby-fry, a group of fish found in at least five estuaries in the area, namely Bone-Bolango, Paguyaman, Bilungala, Tombulilato, and Taludaa Estuaries. Preliminary results were limited to only two locations in estuarine waters, namely the Bone-Bolango and Paguyaman rivers. Further exploration of goby-fry species in various locations within Tomini Bay is essential to enhance knowledge about the abundance and aid conservation efforts. Therefore, this study identified the goby-fry species and created their distribution map in the waters of Tomini Bay Gorontalo. The samples used were obtained from daily catches of fishermen in the five estuaries during the recruitment period from February to September 2022. These samples were categorized based on their morphological similarities and specific melanophore patterns. Distinct groups with different melanophore patterns from those previously reported were identified as newly recorded species, photographed, and described in terms of their morphology. Furthermore, two specimens from each newly recorded species underwent molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for DNA amplification and were analyzed through the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood Method. The results showed the existence of nongoby-fry species caught together with goby fry school. A total of 75,881 goby-fry and 1,687 nongoby-fry were successfully collected. Among the goby-fry species, 13 were identified, including three new records, namely Eleotris fusca (Forster, 1801), Sicyopterus microcephalus (Bleeker, 1855), and Sicyopus zosterophorus (Bleeker, 1856). This study also documented the existence of nongoby-fry species, namely Anguilla celebesensis (Kaup, 1856), Moringua microchir (Bleeker, 1853), and Microphis leiaspis (Bleeker, 1854). It significantly contributed to the understanding of fish biodiversity in Tomini Bay.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.551-565
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a day care center model focused on public health institutions for the elderly residing in their homes. Method: Research design for this study was a mult-level research, which consisted of a related literature review, an Internet search for knowledge of the current situation at home and abroad, on-site interviews, questionnaires collected from a sample of residents in a rural area, and a key-informants approach. Results: 1) The subjects of service - Generalized service should be provided to the elderly, 65 years and older, regardless of their assets. 2) The contents of service - Providing pre-health oriented and post-social welfare service that can integrate and satisfy a wide variety of public health and welfare needs of the elderly would strengthen the health care service of a day care center for the elderly. 3) Delivery system - Basic-level local self-governments should become a central operating body, and establishing a properly adjusted delivery system to a rural area after considering the efficiency and the access of vulnerable rural areas is needed based on modification of 'a Special Law for Agricultural and Fishery Areas' (rural public health center>rural health sub-center ${\rightarrow}$ unified health sub-center ${\rightarrow}$ public health hospital (public health center) ${\rightarrow}$ public welfare office). 4) Facility - Public health facilities such as public health centers and sub-centers should be located in areas that can easily access the facilities. 5) Funding - For day care center for the elderly in local self-government, the central government should modify a relevant implementation of subsidy in and provide some facilities and service regardless of the degree of self reliance of local self-government. 6) Human resources - It is needed to guarantee the period of workers of a day care center for the elderly, at least 3 to 5 years, with considering their specialty on aged care and avoiding circulation based positions. Furthermore, appropriate specially trained personnel such as medical workers and social workers should be placed to take care of both health service and welfare through strengthening of 'rules of law of elderly welfare,' Conclusion: future research is needed to test the model through a demonstration study using a model which may be developed in the future and to standardize the appraisal criteria of people hoping to enter a day care center for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2020

The Korean Society of Urogenital Radiology (KSUR) aimed to present a consensus statement for patient preparation, standard technique, and pain management in relation to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) to reduce the variability in TRUS-Bx methodologies and suggest a nationwide guideline. The KSUR guideline development subcommittee constructed questionnaires assessing prebiopsy anticoagulation, the cleansing enema, antimicrobial prophylaxis, local anesthesia methods such as periprostatic neurovascular bundle block (PNB) or intrarectal lidocaine gel application (IRLA), opioid usage, and the number of biopsy cores and length and diameter of the biopsy needle. The survey was conducted using an Internet-based platform, and responses were solicited from the 90 members registered on the KSUR mailing list as of 2018. A comprehensive search of relevant literature from Medline database was conducted. The strength of each recommendation was graded on the basis of the level of evidence. Among the 90 registered members, 29 doctors (32.2%) responded to this online survey. Most KSUR members stopped anticoagulants (100%) and antiplatelets (76%) one week before the procedure. All respondents performed a cleansing enema before TRUS-Bx. Approximately 86% of respondents administered prophylactic antibiotics before TRUS-Bx. The most frequently used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins. PNB was the most widely used pain control method, followed by a combination of PNB plus IRLA. Opioids were rarely used (6.8%), and they were used only as an adjunctive pain management approach during TRUS-Bx. The KSUR members mainly chose the 12-core biopsy method (89.7%) and 18G 16-mm or 22-mm (96.5%) needles. The KSUR recommends the 12-core biopsy scheme with PNB with or without IRLA as the standard protocol for TRUS-Bx. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents should be discontinued at least 5 days prior to the procedure, and antibiotic prophylaxis is highly recommended to prevent infectious complications. Glycerin cleansing enemas and administration of opioid analogues before the procedure could be helpful in some situations. The choice of biopsy needle is dependent on the practitioners' situation and preferences.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2010

This study aims to design practical problem-focused instruction by applying universal design of "Housing" unit of Technology Home Economics in the 10th grade and examine the students' perception on the lesson. The lesson is composed of the following procedures: thinking, problem recognition, problem understanding, information search & alternative search, consideration of the result, and practice plan. To solve problem such as 'What should one do for everyone's convenient and comfortable residential life' practically, we chose the major concern of 'understanding the universal design', 'analysis of cause for environmental change', 'creation of human-concerned residential culture'and performed alternative experience program for the old, the pregnant and the disabled. The students perceived teaching methods and contents positively with interest. They also understood the lesson easily by experiential activity and discussion thus enabling their active participation. It was also found out that the students felt considerable change of their consciousness of living environment of residence and the local community, thus it is concluded that the practical problem-focused instructional design method is very effective.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.270-285
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• 2005

A joint design scheme is proposed to optimize the up/down scaler and the motion vector estimation module in the transcoder system. The proposed scheme first optimizes the resolution scaler for a fixed motion vector, and then a new motion vector is estimated for the fixed scaler. These two steps are iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. In the optimization of the scaler, we derive an adaptive version of a cubic convolution interpolator to enlarge or reduce digital images by arbitrary scaling factors. The adaptation is performed at each macroblock of an image. In order to estimate the optimal motion vector, a temporary motion vector is composed from the given motion vectors. Then the motion vector is refined over a narrow search range. It is well-known that this refinement scheme provides the comparable performance compared to the full search method. Simulation results show that a jointly optimized system based on the proposed algorithms outperforms the conventional systems. We can also see that the algorithms exhibit significant improvement in the minimization of information loss compared with other techniques.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2012

In most conventional video codecs, such as MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, inter coding is performed with the fixed motion vector resolution. When KTA software was developed, resolution for MVs can be selected in each slice. Although KTA codec uses a variety of resolutions for ME, the selected resolution is applied over the entire pixels in the slice and the statistical property of the local area is not considered. In this paper, we propose an adaptive decision scheme for motion vector resolution which depends on region, where MV search area is divided to multiple regions according to the distance from PMV. In each region, the assigned resolution is used to estimate MV. Each region supports different resolution for ME from other regions. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is affected from threshold values to divide the search area and the entropy coding method to encode the estimated MV. Simulation results with HM3.0 which is the reference software of HEVC show that the proposed scheme provides bit rate gains of 0.9%, 0.6%, and 2.9% in Random Access, Low Delay with B picture, and Low Delay with P picture structures, respectively.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2023

In hashing-based image retrieval, the hash code of a manipulated image is different from the original image, making it difficult to search for the same image. This paper proposes and evaluates a self-supervised deephashing model that generates perceptual hash codes from feature information such as texture, shape, and color of images. The comparison models are autoencoder-based variational inference models, but the encoder is designed with a fully connected layer, convolutional neural network, and transformer modules. The proposed model is a variational inference model that includes a SimAM module of extracting geometric patterns and positional relationships within images. The SimAM module can learn latent vectors highlighting objects or local regions through an energy function using the activation values of neurons and surrounding neurons. The proposed method is a representation learning model that can generate low-dimensional latent vectors from high-dimensional input images, and the latent vectors are binarized into distinguishable hash code. From the experimental results on public datasets such as CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and NUS-WIDE, the proposed model is superior to the comparative model and analyzed to have equivalent performance to the supervised learning-based deephashing model. The proposed model can be used in application systems that require low-dimensional representation of images, such as image search or copyright image determination.