• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the community's capacity and hindrance factors affecting the community's activities by exploring the process of restoring the community's environmental pollution. This study examined the community activities related to the restoration of pollution that occurred at the former Janghang smelter in Seocheon-gun. The results of this study showed that leaders, cooperative resources, and the media were elements positively influencing the recovery of the community. The starting point that became the driving force for community activities was the presence of a leader who had a small stake in it. Moreover, it required cooperation such as the continuous interest of local active groups and residents to continue this effort. Above all, the media publicized the incident and amplified the activities of members. Meanwhile, there were various conflicts hindering the activities of local communities in the process of restoring the pollution such as the internal conflicts of community groups, conflicts between residents and active groups, and conflicts with the government. The behaviors that appeared in the process of restoring the pollution revealed a form of united governance. Moreover, they changed from an initial "supportive" character to "resistant" and "defensive" activities. Later, it was transformed into "subjective" and "creative" activities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.62-74
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• 2020

Although the government and local governments devote efforts to activate bicycles, they only access to the supply infrastructure such as bike lanes and the public bicycle rental service centers without considering the measures to overcome the geographical constraints of slope. Therefore, this study constructs bicyclist's energy consumption estimation model through experimental methods of slope gradient and heart rate measurement and suggest the bicycle route choice model which could minimize the energy by the slope gradient. After calculating the RMSE of the estimated energy consumption by applying this model to the simulation section, it is confirmed to be 41% better than the model which does not reflect slope gradient. The results of this study are expected to be applied to the bicycle infrastructure planning that considers both longitude and transverse of bike lanes and the algorithm of bicycle route guidance system in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

Recently, we have proposed a hypothesis that spinal structures have a stress sensor driving feedback mechanism, In the human spine, spinal structure could react to modify muscular action in such a way so as to equalize stress at the disc, therefore reduce the risk of injury, In this analysis, abdominal muscle and abdominal pressure, which were not included in the previous study, were added to identify those effects in spine stability during upright stance posture for the case where the intervertebral disc plays the role of mechanoreceptor, The musculoskeletal FE model was consisted with detailed whole lumbar spine, pelvis, sacrum, coccyx and simplified trunk model. Muscle architecture with 46 local muscles containing paraspinal muscle and 6 rectus abdominal muscles were assigned according to the acting directions. The magnitude of 4kPa was considered for abdominal pressure. Minimization of the nucleus pressure deviation and annulus fiber average tension stress deviation was chosen for cost function. Developed model provide nice coincidence with in-vivo measurement (nucleus pressure). Analysis was conducted according to existence of co-activation of abdominal muscle and abdominal pressure. Antagonistic activity of abdominal muscle produced stability of spinal column with relatively small amount of total muscle force. In contrast to the abdominal muscle, effect of abdominal pressure was not clear that was partly depending on the assumption of constant abdominal pressure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

One of purposes of installing signals at intersections is to protect traffic conflicts and accidents from occurring by means of arranging the right-of-way of travel more clearly. On the other hand, the installation of signals, and especially their location, can also have negative effects on safety. Therefore, the location of signals is of great importance. To secure a high safety level for urban signalized intersection, efforts are required to introduce a comprehensive recommendation or guideline for safety aspects of signal installation that takes local conditions into account. In this context, this reports on a study that analyzed the influence of signal location on the behavior of drivers who approach a signalized intersection in urban area. As a result, the study found out that the traffic signal location strongly affects the braking point of the Dilemma Zone(DZ), and the braking point of the DZ based on driving speed. Also, in terms of design layout, it has been illustrated that there is a close relation between signal location and road safety, especially DZ safety. Finally, this paper proposes a practical recommendation for signal installation related to how to locate the signal in practice for the sake of securing the safety level of signalized intersection.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

The important of Smart City has been increasing on the driving force of 4^th industrial revolution and method to solve urban problems. Korea government introduced and implemented ubiquitous City as an intrinsic Smart City brand from the early 21^th century. Diverse types of Smart City projects were announced as national strategy by the spatial characteristics. National Test-Beds in Sejong city and Busan(EDC: Eco Delta City) are urban planning to be future city models for new town development. In the old towns in cities, various type of Smart City projects are support by government by urban growth stage; frontiers, stable or declining urban realm. 「3^rd Comprehensive Plan for Smart City(2019 ~ 2023)」 in Korea plans an important role to build innovative ecosystem and reinforce global competiveness by spreading of Smart Cities. For the successful Smart City as open and inclusive space, it is need that this space should be made by the cooperation of citizens, private sectors and local and central government.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-43
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• 2005

Industrial clusters are geographical concentrations of interconnected companies, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions (for example, universities, standard agencies, and trade associations) that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of business. At present, the concept of industrial cluster becomes very popular worldwide, policy makers at national, regional and local levels and business people in both forerunner and latecomer countries are keen to implement the cluster concept as an economic development model. Though understanding of clusters and related promoting policies varies from one place to another, the underlying benefits of clusters from collective learning and knowledge spillovers between participating actors strongly attract the attention of these people. In Thailand, a latecomer country in terms of technological catching up, the cluster concept has been used as a means to rectify weakness and fragmentation of its innovation systems. The present Thai government aspires to apply the concept to promote both high-tech manufacturing clusters, services clusters and community-based clusters at the grass-root level. This paper analyses three very different clusters in terms of technological sophistication and business objectives, i.e., hard disk drive, software and chili paste. It portrays their significant actors, the extent of interaction among them and the evolution of the clusters. Though are very dissimilar, common characteristics attributed to qualified success are found. Main driving forces of the three clusters are cluster intermediaries. Forms of these organizations are different from a government research and technology organization (RTO), an industrial association, to a self-organised community-based organization. However, they perform similar functions of stimulating information and knowledge sharing, and building trust among participating firms/individuals in the clusters. Literature in the cluster studies argues that government policies need to be cluster specific. In this case, the best way to design and implement cluster-specific policies is through working closely with intermediaries and strengthening their institutional especially in linking member firms/individuals to other actors in clusters such as universities, government R&D institutes, and financial institutions.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.584-593
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• 2012

This paper introduces an AVP (Automated Valet Parking) system which applies an autonomous driving concept into the current PAS (Parking Assistant System). The present commercial PAS technology is limited into vehicle. It means vehicle only senses and controls by and for itself to assist the parking. Therefore, the present PAS is restricted to simple parking events. But AVP includes wider parking events and planning because it uses infra-sensor network as well as vehicle sensor. For the realization of AVP, the commercial steering system of a compact vehicle was modified into steer-by-wire structure and various sensors like LRF (Long Range Finder) and camera were installed in a parking area. And local & global server decides where and when the vehicle can go and park in the testing area after recognized the status of environment and vehicle from those sensors. GPS solution was used to validate the AVP performance. More various parking situations, vehicles and obstacles will be considered in the next research stages based on these results. And we expect this AVP solution with more intelligent vehicles can be applied in a big parking lot like a market, an amusement park, etc.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1551-1558
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is deriving proper plan which is improving functionality of three-way intersection in two-way road by using shoulder. Alternatives of this study were considered as installation of yield lane and application of TWLTLs (Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes). Case studies to utilize alternatives were limited to national and local roadways which is wider than 11 meters due to be required 3 lanes. Under various traffic conditions such as traffic volume of each direction and left-turn, alternatives were analyzed by simulation. As a results, application of TWLTLs was better than installation of yield lane in terms of improving rate (8.0% vs. 3.7%). Application of TWLTLs is supposed to better alternative, however enough driver education is required to improving safety because it is different with existing driving pattern and/or behaviors. Some limitations and future research agenda have also been discussed by on-site inspections.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3567-3582
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• 2020

Human activities are often affected by weather conditions. Automatic weather recognition is meaningful to traffic alerting, driving assistance, and intelligent traffic. With the boost of deep learning and AI, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are utilized to identify weather situations. In this paper, a three-channel convolutional neural network (3C-CNN) model is proposed on the basis of ResNet50.The model extracts global weather features from the whole image through the ResNet50 branch, and extracts the sky and ground features from the top and bottom regions by two CNN5 branches. Then the global features and the local features are merged by the Concat function. Finally, the weather image is classified by Softmax classifier and the identification result is output. In addition, a medium-scale dataset containing 6,185 outdoor weather images named WeatherDataset-6 is established. 3C-CNN is used to train and test both on the Two-class Weather Images and WeatherDataset-6. The experimental results show that 3C-CNN achieves best on both datasets, with the average recognition accuracy up to 94.35% and 95.81% respectively, which is superior to other classic convolutional neural networks such as AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50. It is prospected that our method can also work well for images taken at night with further improvement.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.272-282
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• 2017

In Bangladesh, since the beginning of 21st century, the poultry industry has become an unparalleled platform for a quick profit, the generation of local employment, and the production of cheaper animal proteins. This paper summarizes poultry industry-related facts and figures for Bangladesh, starting from the very beginnings of this sector when poultry farming was part of subsistence family farming only to today's highly commercialized horizon, through personal experiences, secondary data analysis, spot visits, and the sharing of views and ideas with stakeholders. A critical analysis reveals that the poultry industry in Bangladesh may become multi-dimensional and more stable in the near future as it establishes sufficient backward and forward linkages to input and output supplies. We can foresee its passing the very fast growing juvenile stages of higher net profit earning and less responsible then becoming fully mature. The projected demand and production potentials of this sector are increasing, but at a slower pace than before, in the face of some important challenges like emerging disease, higher prices of inputs, consumer preferences, and strong market competition. However, evidence suggests that the production systems of poultry in Bangladesh are entering a new era to cater to the needs of consumers, society, and government as it produces healthier and more diversified, further-processed foods, in the coming years. A better economy in the country, a more health-conscious population, and the availability of new and affordable innovations in this sector might be the driving forces to support the foreseen transformations.