• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-91
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• 2015

Observed spectra of stars around the Sun have indicated that the Sun is located in a gas cavity, extending to 100pc. This gas cavity is called the "Local Bubble". The density of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the local bubble is about one tenth that of the average for the ISM in the Milky Way. Furthermore, some structures such as gas planes and strings in the local bubble are probably the result of supernovae. These, due to their low temperatures, can not be observed in the visible and infrared. The only way to do so is to measure the spectra of nearby stars so that the light of stars passing through the local bubble is absorbed by existing gas and the resulting spectral lines from absorption can be measured. In this study, we use binary stars to trace the local bubble structures through lines such as the Na I Doublet. First, we determined the observed spectral lines of stars by HARPS and FEROS echelle spectrographs. Then, we made synthetic spectra with the ATLAS9 code. Finally, the difference between the observational and synthetic spectra confirms the existence of the Na I Doublet in the local ISM.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2003

In the present study, the characteristics of upward bubble flow were experimentally investigated in a liquid bath. An electro-conductivity probe was used to measure local volume fraction and bubble frequency. Since the gas is concentrated at the near nozzle, the flow parameters are high near the nozzle. In general their axial and radial values tended to decrease with increasing distance. For visualization of flow characteristics, a Particle Image Velocimetry (P.I..V) and a thermo-vision camera were used in the present study. The experimental results show that heat transfer from bubble surface to water is largely completed within z=10mm from the nozzle, and then the temperature of bubble surface reaches that of water rapidly. Due to the centrifugal force, the flow was more developed near the wall than at bubble-water plume. Vortex flow in the bottom region was relatively weaker than that in the upper region.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

In the present study, the characteristics of upward bubble flow were experimentally investigated in a liquid bath. An electro-conductivity probe was used to measure local volume fraction and bubble frequency. Since the gas was concentrated at the near the nozzle, the flow parameters were high near the nozzle. In general their axial and radial values tended to decrease with increasing distance. For visualization of flow characteristics, a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and a thermo-vision camera were used in the present study. The experimental results showed that heat transfer from bubble surface to water was largely completed within z = 10 mm from the nozzle, and then the temperature of bubble surface reached that of water rapidly. Due to the centrifugal force, the flow was more developed near the wall than at bubble-water plume. Vortex flow in the bottom region was relatively weaker than that in the upper region.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.2105-2108
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• 2003

The characteristics of upward bubble flow were experimentally investigated in a liquid bath. In the present study, a thermal-infrared camera and high speed CCO camera were used to measure their temperature and local rising velocity, respectively. Heat transfer from bubble surface to water is largely completed within z=10mm from the nozzle, and then the temperature of bubble surface reaches that of water rapidly. The rising velocity of bubble was calculated for two different experimental conditions: 1) bubble flow without kinetic energy 2) with kinetic energy. Bubble flow without kinetic energy starts to undergo the effect of inertia force 10cm away from the nozzle. Whereas, kinetic energy is dominant before 30 cm away from the nozzle in bubble flow, but after this point, kinetic energy and inertial force are applied on bubble flow at the same time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2771-2788
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• 2020

Experiments are conducted to study bubble flow behavior during the instability of subcooled boiling under uniform and non-uniform transverse heating. The non-uniform heat distribution introduces nonuniform bubble generation and condensation rates on the heated surface, which is different from the uniform heating. These bubble generation and condensation characteristics introduce a non-uniform local pressure distribution in the transverse direction, which creates an extra non-uniform pressure on the flowing bubbles. Therefore, different bubble flow behavior can be observed between uniform and non-uniform heating conditions. In the uniform heating, bubble velocity fluctuations are low, and the bubbles travel straight along the axial direction. In the non-uniform heating, more fluctuation in the bubble velocity occurs at low mass flow rate and high subcooled inlet temperatures, and reverse flow is observed. Additionally, the bubbles show a zigzag trajectory when they pass through the channel, which indicates the existence of cross flow in the transverse direction.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.479-491
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• 1994

Discrete vortex method was applied for simulating an active control of turbulent leading- edge separation bubble. The leading-edge separation zone was perturbed by a time-dependent sinusoidal perturbation of different frequencies and levels. In order to describe the local sinusoidal perturbation at the separation point, a source pulsation vortex technique was proposed. The present two-dimensional vortex simulations were qualitatively compared with the experimental results for a blunt circular cylinder, where perturbation was introduced along the square-cut leading edge of the cylinder $(Kiya et al.^{(6,7)}).$ It was found that the reattachment length attained a minimum point at low levels of perturbation and two minima at a moderate higher perturbation frequency. The effects of local perturbation on the evolution of leading-edge separation bubble were scrutinized by comparing the perturbed flow with the natural flow. These comparisons were made for the distributions of mean velocity and its velocity fluctuations, intermittency and wall velocity. The motions of instantaneous reattachment in the space-time domain were demonstrated, which were also compared with the experimental findings. In order to investigate the reduction mehanism of reattachment length in the separation bubble, various cross-correlations for velocity and pressure and the relevant convection velocities were evaluated. It was observed that the convection velocity was closely associated with its corresponding pulsationg frequency.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 1996

편저형 선형의 구상 선수에서 기포를 공급하면 기포가 선저 표면에 공급되고, 기포 공급의 효과로 물과 선저 표면이 직접 접촉하는 면적이 줄어들게 되어 선박의 마찰 저항을 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이를 실험적으로 확인하기 위하여 구상 선수 선형에 대하여, 우선 선수 주변에서의 한계유선을 관측하고, 국부적 압력 분포 및 마찰 응력을 계측하였다. 다음으로, 기포 공급 조건을 바꾸며 실험한 결과, 국부 표면 마찰 저항의 감소를 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 기포 공급시 일어나는 운동량 변화가 저항 성분이 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 실험 결과는 실용 선형에서 기포법으로 저항 감소를 얻어내기 위한 기초적 연구가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-48
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• 1999

Local two-phase flow parameters of subcooled flow boiling in inclined annulus were measured to investigate the effect of inclination on the internal flow structure. Two-conductivity probe technique was applied to measure local gas phasic parameters, including void fraction, vapor bubble frequency, chord length, vapor bubble velocity and interfacial area concentration. Local liquid velocity was measured by Pilot tube. Experiments were conducted for three angles of inclination; 0$^{\circ}$(vertical), 30$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$. The system pressure was maintained at atmospheric pressure. The range of average void fraction was up to 10% and the average liquid superficial velocities were less than 1.3 m/sec. The results of experiments showed that the distributions of two-phase How parameters were influenced by the angle of channel inclination. Especially, the void fraction and chord length distributions were strongly affected by the increase of inclination angle, and flow pattern transition to slug flow was observed depending on the How conditions. The profiles of vapor velocity, liquid velocity and interfacial area concentration were found to be affected by the non-symmetric bubble size distribution in inclined channel. Using the measured distributions of local phasic parameters, an analysis for predicting average void fraction was performed based on the drift flux model and flowing volumetric concentration. And it was demonstrated that the average void fraction can be more appropriately presented in terms of flowing volumetric concentration.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2014

In this paper, effects of physical configurations and operating conditions on bubble column performance were analyzed in terms of bubble hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters. Bubble column with 3 different dimensions and 7 gas diffusers (single / multiple orifice and rigid / flexible orifice) were applied. High speed camera and image analysis program were used for analyzing the bubble hydrodynamic parameters. The local liquid-side mass transfer coefficient ($k_L$) was estimated from the volumetric mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$) and the interfacial area (a), which was deduced from the bubble diameter ($D_B$) and the terminal bubble rising velocity ($U_B$). The result showed that the values of kLa and a increased with the superficial gas velocity (Vg) and the size of bubble column. Influences of gas diffuser physical property (orifice size, thickness and orifice number) can be proven on the generated bubble size and the mass transfer performance in bubble column. Concerning the variation of $k_L$ coefficients with bubble size, 3 zones (Zone A, B and C) can be observed. For Zone A and Zone C, a good agreement between the experimental and the predicted $K_L$ coefficients was obtained (average difference of ${\pm}15%$), whereas the inaccuracy result (of ${\pm}40%$) was found in Zone B. To enhance the high $k_La$ coefficient and absorption efficiency in bubble column, it was unnecessary to generate numerous fine bubbles at high superficial gas velocity since it causes high power consumption with the great decrease of $k_L$ coefficients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1984

매우 작은 규모 LOCA 분석에 RETRAN코드 적용에 있어서 중요 문제점의 하나는 upper plenum에 Bubble rise model의 사용에 있다. 왜냐하면, Bubble rise model은 수리적 발산을 야기할지 모르며, 그 모텔에 사용되는 계수는 큰 규모 냉각재 상실 사고의 실험적 결과에 바탕을 두기 때문이다. 여기서, Bubble rise model을 사용하지 않고 upper plenum의 mixture level을 예측하게 해주는 방법이 제시되었다. 이 방법을 위해 노심과 upper plenum내의 지역 void 분포가 간단한 slip 모델을 이용 괘 유도되었다. 유도된 식으로부터의 결과는 실험 데이타와 매우 잘 일치한다는 것이 발견되었다. 또한, Upper Plenum에 있어서 지역 void는 대규모 LOCA에 있어서 선형 분포와는 달리 균일한 분포를 하고 있다는 것이 발견되었다. upper plenum과 upper head사이의 냉각재 교환이 연구되었다. Taylor instability 개념 도입에 의해 그들 사이에 counter-current flow가 가능하다는 것이 증명되었다.