• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

In this paper, a simple and accurate finite element model coupled to quasi-brittle damage law able to describe the multiple cracks initiation and their progressive propagation is developed in order to predict the complete force-displacement curve and the fracture pattern of human proximal femur under quasi-static load. The motivation of this work was to propose a simple and practical FE model with a good compromise between complexity and accuracy of the simulation considering a limited number of model parameters that can predict proximal femur fracture more accurately and physically than the fracture criteria based models. Different damage laws for cortical and trabecular bone are proposed based on experimental results to describe the inelastic damage accumulation under the excessive load. When the damage parameter reaches its critical value inside an element of the mesh, its stiffness matrix is set to zero leading to the redistribution of the stress state in the vicinity of the fractured zone (crack initiation). Once a crack is initiated, the propagation direction is simulated by the propagation of the broken elements of the mesh. To illustrate the potential of the proposed approach, the left femur of a male (age 61) previously investigated by Keyak and Falkinstein, 2003 (Model B: male, age 61) was simulated till complete fracture under one-legged stance quasi-static load. The proposed finite element model leads to more realistic and precise results concerning the shape of the force-displacement curve (yielding and fracturing) and the profile of the fractured edge.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2019

The present study investigate the compressive stress, shear stress, tensile stress, vertical electrical displacement and horizontal electrical displacement induced due to a load moving with uniform velocity on the free rough surface of an irregular transversely isotropic functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) substrate. The closed form expressions ofsaid induced stresses and electrical displacements for both electrically open condition and electrically short condition have been deduced. The influence of various affecting parameters viz. maximum depth of irregularity, irregularity factor, parameter of functionally gradedness, frictional coefficient of the rough upper surface, piezoelectricity/dielectricity on said induced stresses and electrical displacements have been examined through numerical computation and graphical illustration for both electrically open and short conditions. The comparative analysis on the influence of electrically open and short conditions as well as presence and absence of piezoelectricity on the induced stresses and induced electrical displacements due to a moving load serve as the salient features of the present study. Moreover, some important peculiarities have also been traced out by means of graphs.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

동하중을 고려하는 구조해석은 전산자원과 시간측면에서 상당한 어려움이 따르기 때문에 외력을 이상적인 정하중으로 가정하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 정하중 조건으로 해석된 결과는 구조물의 안전설계 측면에서 충분한 신뢰를 주기 어렵다. 최근에는, 동하중의 영향을 받는 구조물의 효과적인 구조해석을 위해 동하중을 등가정하중으로 변환하는 기법이 제안되어 왔다. 이 기법은 최적화를 통해 구속조건을 만족하는 최소의 등가정하중을 구하는데, 구속조건은 임계시간의 변위를 사용하고, 등가정하중 분포 자유도는 경험적으로 선정하여 왔다. 그러나 안전설계 관점에서는 응력 구속조건을 적용하는 것이 타당하며, 경험적 자유도 선정은 몇 개의 자유도에 과도한 하중이 부과되거나 구조물의 거동에 영향력이 없는 자유도들이 선정될 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 등가응력 구속조건을 고려하는 등가정하중 최적화 방법을 제안하고, 축소시스템 개념을 도입한 주자유도, 구속조건 요소 자유도, 외부하중 자유도로 구성되는 등가정하중 분포 자유도의 구성방법을 제안한다. 수치예제에서는 제안된 방법으로 구해진 등가정하중을 사용하여 등가응력을 구하고 동하중 해석 결과와 비교함으로써 제안된 방법을 통한 구조해석 방법이 구조안전성 측면에서 타당함을 보인다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 그물식 뿌리말뚝의 타설경사각과 횡방향저항력 사이의 관계를 비교분석하고자 여러가지의 타설경사각을 갖는 모형 그물식 뿌리말뚝을 제작하여 모형지반에 설치한 다음 횡방 향재하시험을 하였다. 모형 뿌리말뚝의 배치는 12개의 말뚝을 6개씩 2개의 크고 작은 동심원에 접하도록 하였는데 각각의 시험에 사용한 모형말뚝은 $0^{\circ}\;, 5^{\circ}\;, 10^{\circ}\;, 15^{\circ}\;, 20^{\circ}\;, 25^{\circ}$의 타설경사각을 갖 는 직경 5m의 강봉에 모래를 입힌 것이다. 횡방향하중을 받는 뿌리말뚝에 있어서 실험을 통해 얻은 하중변위곡선으로 판단해 볼 때 1mm정도의 횡방향변위에서는 타설경사각이 커질수록 횡방향저항력도 커지지만 최적 타설경사 각은 횡방향변위가 증가할수록 감소하며 6mm의 횡방향변위에서는 $17.5^{\circ}$. 타설경 사각 $0^{\circ}$횡방향저항력에 대한 최적 타설경사각에서의 횡방향저항력의 비는 횡방향변위가 증가할수록 감소하므로 횡방향변위가 커질수록 말뚝을 경사지게 배치함으로써 얻는 저항력 증대효과는 줄어들 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 국내에 새롭게 도입하고자 하는 인터모달 자동화물운송 시스템을 구현하기 위한 터미널 플랫폼 시설의 온도하중에 따른 적정 신축이음 간격을 살펴보았다. 터미널 플랫폼의 적정 신축이음 간격 검토는 미국 F.C.C.(federal construction council)에서 제안한 식을 이용하여 지역별 온도변화에 따른 최대 신축이음 간격을 설정하고, 구조해석 프로그램을 통해서 산출된 최대 변위값과 건축구조 수평변위 제한값을 비교하였다. 적정 신축이음 간격은 온도변화로 인한 구조물 최대 변위량이 수평변위 제한값 이하가 되는 슬래브 길이로 선정하였으며, F.C.C 제안식을 통하여 산정한 지역별 최대 신축이음 간격을 적용하여 구조물 최대 발생 변위를 살펴본 결과, 건축구조 수평변위 제한값 이내에서 발생될 수 있는 최대변위 값을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1105-1119
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• 2016

In this study, it is presented that a new developed approach for equivalent area-distributed loading (EADL) induced from a single concentrated force. For the purpose, a full scale 3D steel formwork system was constructed in laboratory conditions. A developed load transmission platform was put on the formwork system and loaded step by step on the mass center. After each load increment, displacement was measured in several crictical points of the system. The developed platform which was put in to slab of formwork to equivalently distribute the load from a point to the whole slab was constituted using I profiles. A 3D finite element model of the formwork system was analyzed to compare numerical displacement results with experimental ones. In experimental tests,difference among the displacements obtained from reference numerical model (model applied EADL) and main numerical model (model applied single load using a load cell via load transmission platform) is about %13 in avarage. Difference among the displacements obtained from experimental results and main numerical model under 30 kN single load is about %11 in avarage. The results revealed that the displacements obtained experimentally and numerically are dramatically closed to each other. It is highlighted from the study that the developed approach is reliable and useful to get EDL.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.784-791
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• 2008

In this study, we recognized about application of the load distribution factor for design of tunnel in 3D numerical analysis. Generally, load distribution factor of tunnel is applied to describe 3D arching effect that can not describe when 2D numerical analysis. Through result of 3D numerical analysis, we used to apply in numerical analysis for the load distribution factor that ratio of finally displacement to displacement of construction step. But 3D numerical analysis need to apply to load distribution factor for convenience of numerical analysis. Therefore, we proposed load distribution factor that reduce time and coast. It corrected variable of advanced length in load distribution factor of 3D numerical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2002

This study was carried out to obtain basic information on racking resistance of shear walls and the factors affecting racking resistance of shear walls. Shear walls constructed by larch lumber nominal 50 mm × 100 mm framing and various sheathing materials were tested by applying monotonic and cyclic load functions. Shear walls with various stud spacing such as 305 mm, 406 mm, and 610 mm were tested under both of monotonic and cyclic loads and shear walls with various aspect (height-width) ratios were tested under cyclic load functions. The effect of hold-down connectors in shear walls was also tested under cyclic load functions. Racking resistance of shear walls has very close linear relation with stud spacing and width of shear walls. The ultimate racking strength of shear walls was reached at around or before the displacement of 20 mm. It was proposed in this study that the minimum racking strength and minimum width for shear wall be 500 kgf and 900 mm, respectively. Load-displacement curves obtained by racking tests under monotonic load functions can be represented by three straight line segments. Under cyclic load functions, envelope curves can be divided into three sections that can be represented by straight lines and the third section showed almost constant or decreasing slope.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
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• pp.338.1-338
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• 2002

In this report, numerical investigations have demonstrated, that the displacement underneath a moving loading reach a maximum value, if the speed of the load is equal to propagation velocity of the maximum wave. The load speed for which the maximum displacement occurs is called critical speed. The critical speed divides the velocities in a subcritical and a super-critical region. By means of calculations the dynamic behaviour of the slab track-soil is investigated. (omitted)

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to provide experimental data on the propagation of curved crack-surfaces and the respective load-displacement diagrams for the validation of numerical models for cracking of concrete, subjected to three-dimensional stress states. To this end beam-shaped specimens are subjected to combined bending and torsional loading, leading to the formation of a spatially curved crack-surface. The experimental data contain the evolution of the load and of the strains at selected points in terms of the crack mouth opening displacement and the propagation of the crack surface.