• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2018

Previous experimental researches indicate that reinforced concrete beam-column joints play an important role in the mechanical properties of moment resisting frame structures, so as to require proper design. In order to get better understanding of the beam-column joint performance, a rational model needs to be developed. Based on the former considerations, two typical models for calculating the shear carrying capacity of the beam-column joint including the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model and the softened strut-and-tie model are selected to be introduced and analyzed. After examining the applicability of two typical models mentioned earlier to interior beam-column joints, several adjustments are made to get better predicting of the test results. For the softened strut-and-tie model, four adjustments including modifications of the depth of the diagonal strut, the inclination angle of diagonal compression strut, the smeared stress of mild steel bars embedded in concrete, as well as the softening coefficient are made. While two adjustments for the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model including modifications of the confinement effect due to the column axial load and the correction coefficient for high concrete are made. It has been proved by test data that predicted results by the improved softened strut-and-tie model or the modified inelastic reinforced concrete joint model are consistent with the test data and conservative. Based on the test results, it is also not difficult to find that the improved beam-column joint model can be used to predict the joint carrying capacity and cracks development with sufficient accuracy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2017

This paper presents the experimental investigation into a new type of steel-concrete hybrid outrigger system developed for the high-rise building structure. The steel truss is embedded into the reinforced concrete outrigger wall, and both the steel truss and concrete outrigger wall work compositely to enhance the overall structural performance of the tower structures under extreme loads. Meanwhile, metal dampers of low-yield steel material were also adopted as a 'fuse' device between the hybrid outrigger and the column. The damper is engineered to be 'scarified' and yielded first under moderate to severe earthquakes in order to protect the structural integrity of important structural components of the hybrid outrigger system. As such, not brittle failure is likely to happen due to the severe cracking in the concrete outrigger wall. A comprehensive experimental research program was conducted into the structural performance of this new type of hybrid outrigger system. Studies on both the key component and overall system tests were conducted, which reveal the detailed structural response under various levels of applied static and cyclic loads. It was demonstrated that both the steel bracing and concrete outrigger wall are able to work compositely with the low-yield steel damper and exhibits both good load carrying capacities and energy dispersing performance through the test program. It has the potential to be applied and enhance the overall structural performance of the high-rise structures over 300 m under extreme levels of loads.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.691-704
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• 2014

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls are commonly used for building structures to resist seismic loading. While the RC shear walls can have a high load-carrying capacity, they tend to fail in a brittle mode under shear, accompanied by forming large diagonal cracks and bond splitting between concrete and steel reinforcement. Improving seismic performance of shear walls has remained a challenge for researchers all over the world. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), featuring incredible ductility under tension, can be a promising material to replace concrete in shear walls with improved performance. Currently, the application of ECC to large structures is limited due to the lack of the proper constitutive models especially under shear. In this paper, a new Cyclic Softening Membrane Model for reinforced ECC is proposed. The model was built upon the Cyclic Softening Membrane Model for reinforced concrete by (Hsu and Mo 2010). The model was then implemented in the OpenSees program to perform analysis on several cases of shear walls under seismic loading. The seismic response of reinforced ECC compared with RC shear walls under monotonic and cyclic loading, their difference in pinching effect and energy dissipation capacity were studied. The modeling results revealed that reinforced ECC shear walls can have superior seismic performance to traditional RC shear walls.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-248
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• 2020

Progressive collapse in a structure occurs when load bearing members are failed and the adjoining structural elements cannot resist the redistributed forces and fails subsequently, that leads to complete collapse of structure. Recently, construction using precast concrete technology is adopted increasingly because it offers many advantages like faster construction, less requirement of skilled labours at site, reduced formwork and scaffolding, massive production with reduced amount of construction waste, better quality and better surface finishing as compared to conventional reinforced concrete construction. Connections are the critical elements for any precast structure, because in past, major collapse of precast structure took place because of connection failure. In this study, behavior of four different precast wet connections with U shaped reinforcement bars provided at different locations is evaluated. Reduced 1/3^rd scale precast beam column assemblies having two span beam and three columns with removed middle column are constructed and examined by performing experiments. The response of precast connections is compared with monolithic connection, under column removal scenario. The connection region of test specimens are filled by cast-in-place micro concrete with and without polypropylene fibers. Performance of specimen is evaluated on the basis of ultimate load carrying capacity, maximum deflection at the location of removed middle column, crack formation and failure propagation. Further, Finite element (FE) analysis is carried out for validation of experimental studies and understanding the performance of structural components. Monolithic and precast beam column assemblies are modeled using non-linear Finite Element (FE) analysis based software ABAQUS. Actual experimental conditions are simulated using appropriate boundary and loading conditions. Finite Element simulation results in terms of load versus deflection are compared with that of experimental study. The nonlinear FE analysis results shows good agreement with experimental results.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.592-604
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• 2017

A chiller, having a thermal storage system, can contribute to load-leveling and can reduce the cost of electricity by using electricity at night. In this study, the control experiments and simulations are conducted using both conventional and advanced methods for the building cooling system. Advanced approaches, such as the "region control method", divide the control region into five zones according to the size of the building load, and determines the cooling capacities of the chiller and thermal storage. On the other hand, the "dynamic programming method" obtains the optimal cooling capacities of the chiller and thermal storage by selecting the minimum-cost path by carrying out repetitive calculations. The "thermal storage priority method" shows an inferior chiller performance owing to the low-part load operation, whereas the chiller priority method leads to a high electric cost owing to the low utilization of thermal storage and electricity at night. It has been proven that the advanced control methods have advantages over the conventional methods in terms of electricity consumption, as well as cost-effectiveness. According to the simulation results during the winter season, the electric cost when using the dynamic programming method was 6.5% and 8.9% lower than that of the chiller priority and the thermal storage priority methods, respectively. It is therefore concluded that the cost of electricity utilizing the region control method is comparable to that of the dynamic programming method.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2007

SC 합성기둥은 기존의 합성기둥들이 가지는 내력상승, 방청효과, 공사기간 단축이 가능하고, 충전상태의 육안확인도 용이하여 이와 관련된 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있지만 SC합성기둥의 내화성능에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 SC합성기둥의 내화성능평가를 위해 하중비, 콘크리트 면적비, 피복유무를 변수로 두어 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 온도증가에 따른 실험체의 강도감소를 단순 수치해석으로 산출하여 내화성능시간을 유추하였고, 실험결과와 비교분석 하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 하중비가 작을수록 내화성능은 향상되었다. 그러나 콘크리트 면적비는 SC합성기둥의 내화성능 향상에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

This study investigates the effects of a pattern of 200 μm dimples in a hexagonal array on tribological characteristics. A textured surface might reduce the friction coefficient and wear caused by third-body abrasion and thus improve the tribological performance. There are three friction conditions based on the Stribeck curve: boundary friction, mixed friction, and fluid friction conditions. In this experiment, we investigate the friction characteristics by carrying out the friction tests at sliding speeds ranging from 0.06 to 0.34 m/s and normal load ranging from 10 to 100 N. We create dimple surfaces for texturing by using the photolithography method. There are three kinds of specimens with different dimple densities ranging from 10% to 30%. The dimple density on the surface area is the one of the important factors affecting friction characteristics. Friction coefficient generally decreases with an increase in the velocity and load, indicating that the lubrication regime changes depending on the load and velocity. The fluid friction regime is fully developed, as indicated by the duty number graph. Fluid friction occurs at a velocity of 0.14-0.26 m/s. The best performance is seen at 10% dimple density and 200 μm dimple circle in the hexagonal array.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

PHC 말뚝은 우수한 축하중 저항 능력에 비해 상대적으로 전단 및 휨 저항 성능이 낮은 단점을 가지고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 기존 PHC 말뚝의 단점을 개선할 목적으로 개발된 중공부에 내부충전 콘크리트, 축방향 철근과 전단 철근으로 보강한 합성 PHC 말뚝(ICP 말뚝)의 휨성능을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 기존의 교대 설계사례로 부터 말뚝에 발생하는 축력과 휨모멘트를 조사한 후, ICP 말뚝 계산을 위하여 개발한 축력-휨모멘트 상관관계 프로그램을 이용하여 허용 축력과 휨모멘트가 발생하는 부재력을 만족하도록 ICP 말뚝을 설계하였다. 설계에 따라 ICP 말뚝을 제작하였으며, 휨실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 ICP 말뚝은 PHC 말뚝에 비하여 약 45% 큰 휨내력을 나타내었다. 또한 계산에 의해 예측한 ICP 말뚝 휨강도의 25%를 허용 휨모멘트로 취할 경우, 약 4.5의 안전율을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 일반 아스팔트 포장에 비해 설계수명을 2배 이상 증대시켜 보수주기를 증진하고 보수비용 및 사용자 비용을 절감할 수 있는 장수명 아스팔트 포장에 대한 포장가속시험 (APT)을 수행하였다 먼저 본 연구에서 개발된 장수명 포장용 고강성기층 혼합물에 대한 기초적인 물성시험을 수행하였다. 포장의 지지력을 비교하고 피로 및 소성변형에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 위하여 일반 및 고강성 기층으로 구성된 총 4개의 시험단면을 건설하였다. 또한 일반 및 고강성 단면은 각각 얇은 단면과 두꺼운 단면으로 구성되었다. 다양한 교통하중에 대한 아스팔트 기층하단의 인장변형률을 측정하였으며 시험결과 고강성 단면의 인장변형이 일반단면에 비해 적게 발생되는 것을 확인하였다. 기층 단면이 얇은 포장단면에 대한 APT 시험결과 윤하중이 180,000회 재하될 때까지 균열은 발생하지 않았다. 기층단면이 두꺼운 포장에 대해 윤하중 90,000회 재하시 일반단면은 5.3mm, 고강성 단면은 3m의 소성변형이 발생하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 고강성 혼합물은 소성변형 및 피로균열에 대한 저항성이 우수하기 때문에 장수명 포장용 기층재로서 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 다양한 구조해석 결과 일반 혼합물 대신 고강성 혼합물을 사용할 경우 포장의 하중지지력이 증가하기 때문에 아스팔트층의 단면두께를 최소 5cm 이상 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 고강도 철근콘크리트 외부 보-기둥 접합부의 시공성 및 내진성능을 개선하기 위하여 보-기둥 접합부 영역의 스터럽 및 띠철근 유무에 따라 고인성섬유 복합모르타르를 사용하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 총 5개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 내진성능을 평가하였으며, 이 연구의 시험 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 기존 고강도 철근콘크리트 내부 보-기둥 접합부의 위험단면 영역을 고인성섬유 복합모르타르로 보강한 결과 재하 전 과정을 통하여 섬유의 가교역할로 인한 균열 분산효과로 인하여 균열 제어 효과가 커서 안정적인 파괴형태 및 내력을 나타내었다. 고강도 철근콘크리트 외부 보-기둥 접합부의 시공성 및 내진성능을 개선하기 위하여 고인성섬유 복합모르타르를 사용하여 보강한 실험체(BCJNSP 시리즈)는 스터럽과 띠철근이 제거 되었음에도 안정적인 이력거동을 나타내었고, 최대내력이 전단보강근이 없는 실험체 BCJNS의 1.09~2.03배로 증가하였다. 그리고 고인성섬유 복합모르타르를 사용하여 보강한 실험체(BCJNSP 시리즈)는 표준실험체 BCJC의 최대내력이 0.92~0.96배로 거의 비슷하였고, 에너지소산능력은 최대 1.62배로 크게 증가하였다.