• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.939-953
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• 2017

For the development of flow duration curves for the management of 41 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) units of the Nakdong River basin, first, an equation for estimating daily flow rates as well as the level of correlation (correlation and determination coefficients) was extrapolated through regression analysis of discrete (Ministry of Environment) and continuous (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation) measurement data. The equation derived from the analysis was used to estimate daily flow rates in order to develop flow duration curves for each TMDL unit. By using the equation, the annual flow duration curves and flow curves, for the entire period and for each TMDL unit of the basin, were developed to be demonstrated in this research. Standard flow rates (abundant-, ordinary-, low- and drought flows) for major flow duration periods were calculated based on the annual flow duration curves. Then, the flow rates, based on percentile ranks of exceedance probabilities (5, 25, 50, 75, and 95%), were calculated according to the flow duration curves for the entire period and are suggested in this research. These results can be used for feasibility assessment of the set values of primary and secondary standard flow rates for each river system, which are derived from complicated models. In addition, they will also be useful for the process of implementing TMDL management, including evaluation of the target level of water purity based on load duration curves.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

This study is to determine the coefficients of regression equations and to select the optimal regression equation in the LOADEST model after classifying the whole study period into 5 flow conditions for 16 watersheds located in the Nakdonggang waterbody. The optimized coefficients of regression equations were derived using the gradient descent method as a learning method in Tensorflow which is the engine of machine-learning method. In South Korea, the variability of streamflow is relatively high, and rainfall is concentrated in summer that can significantly affect the characteristic analysis of pollutant loads. Thus, unlike the previous application of the LOADEST model (adjusting whole study period), the study period was classified into 5 flow conditions to estimate the optimized coefficients and regression equations in the LOADEST model. As shown in the results, the equation #9 which has 7 coefficients related to flow and seasonal characteristics was selected for each flow condition in the study watersheds. When compared the simulated load (SS) to observed load, the simulation showed a similar pattern to the observation for the high flow condition due to the flow parameters related to precipitation directly. On the other hand, although the simulated load showed a similar pattern to observation in several watersheds, most of study watersheds showed large differences for the low flow conditions. This is because the pollutant load during low flow conditions might be significantly affected by baseflow or point-source pollutant load. Thus, based on the results of this study, it can be found that to estimate the continuous pollutant load properly the regression equations need to be determined with proper coefficients based on various flow conditions in watersheds. Furthermore, the machine-learning method can be useful to estimate the coefficients of regression equations in the LOADEST model.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.345-372
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• 2021

The analysis of nonlinear vibrations, buckling, post-buckling, flutter boundary determination and post-flutter behavior of a homogeneous curved plate assuming cylindrical bending is conducted in this article. Other assumptions include simply-supported boundary conditions, supersonic aerodynamic flow at the top of the plate, constant pressure conditions below the plate, non-viscous flow model (using first- and third-order piston theory), nonlinear structural model with large deformations, and application of mechanical and thermal loads on the curved plate. The analysis is performed with constant environmental indicators (flow density, heat, Reynolds number and Mach number). The material properties (i.e., coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity) are temperature-dependent. The equations are derived using the principle of virtual displacement. Furthermore, based on the definitions of virtual work, the potential and kinetic energy of the final relations in the integral form, and the governing nonlinear differential equations are obtained after fractional integration. This problem is solved using two approaches. The frequency analysis and flutter are studied in the first approach by transferring the handle of ordinary differential equations to the state space, calculating the system Jacobin matrix and analyzing the eigenvalue to determine the instability conditions. The second approach discusses the nonlinear frequency analysis and nonlinear flutter using the semi-analytical solution of governing differential equations based on the weighted residual method. The partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations, after which they are solved based on the Runge-Kutta fourth- and fifth-order methods. The comparison between the results of frequency and flutter analysis of curved plate is linearly and nonlinearly performed for the first time. The results show that the plate curvature has a profound impact on the instability boundary of the plate under supersonic aerodynamic loading. The flutter boundary decreases with growing thermal load and increases with growing curvature.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2008

This paper deals with modeling and dynamic characteristic analysis of a large-powered LNG electric ship propulsion system. Basically, we perform to verify the adequacy of system modeling on the sea going mode and LNG unloading mode based on load flow analysis. And then, we observe the dynamic characteristic of system to perform motor starting analysis and transient stability analysis. Particularly, this paper examine analysis results in comparison with the IEEE standard 141 and the class rule. Hence, this paper has evaluated stability of the electric ship propulsion system at static and dynamic conditions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2589-2595
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 장하분배법(Load Distribution Method) 및 등가회로법(Equivalent Circuit Method)을 이용하여 액체금속이송을 위한 전자기펌프를 설계하고 제작하였다. 제작된 전자기펌프의 구동전력과 이에 상응하는 액체의 유량관계를 구하였다. 액체금속유동에 가하는 전자기 힘(Lorentz force)의 크기에 따른 유속과 유량을 수치해석기법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 수치해석결과를 상용코드인 FLUENT를 이용하여 계산한 결과와 비교하고 분석하였다. 다양한 전자기력의 크기에 대한 액체금속(우드메탈)의 평균속도에 대한 결과는 FLUENT의 결과와 5%이내의 오차 내에서 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부A
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• pp.311-315
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• 1998

Load Flow calculation methods can usually be divided into Gauss-Seidel method, Newton-Raphson method and decoupled method. Load flow calculation is a basic on-line or off-line process for power system planning, operation, control and state analysis. These days Newton-Raphson method is mainly used since it shows remarkable convergence characteristics. It, however, needs considerable calculation time in construction and calculation of inverse Jacobian matrix. In addition to that, Newton-Raphson method tends to fail to converge when system loading is heavy and system has a large R/X ratio. In this paper, matrix equation is used to make algebraic expression and then to solve load flow equation and to modify above defects. And it preserve certain part of Jacobian matrix to shorten the time of calculation. Application of mentioned algorithm to 14 bus, 39 bus, 118 bus systems led to identical result and the number of iteration got by Newton-Raphson method. The effect of time reduction showed about 28%, 30%, at each case of 39 bus, 118 bus system.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

In this research, low fidelity air/heat load analysis was conducted for the intake of high speed vehicle. For air/heat load calculations, aerodynamic properties at the surface and the boundary layer edge were estimated using Taylor-Maccoll equation for conical flow, shockwave relation and Prandtl-Meyer expansion equation for internal and external flow. Couette flow assumption and Reynolds analogy were used in order to calculate convective heat transfer coefficient. In order to calculate skin friction coefficient for heat transfer coefficient analysis, Van Driest method II and Reference Enthalpy method were considered. An axis symmetric SCRAMJET model was selected as a reference configuration for verifying the proper implementation of the present method. Comparison of the results using the present method and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis showed that the present method is valuable for efficiently providing pressure and heat loads for air-intake structure design of the high speed air vehicle.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.212-213
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• 2006

Load models are important for improving the accuracy of stability analysis and power flow studies. Load characteristics change for different voltages and frequencies. In this research, ANN is used to construct the load model. Characteristics of some residential loads are tested under various voltage and frequency conditions. Acquired data are used to construct load models by ANN. Experiments and modeling results are presented in conclusions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.72-74
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• 2007

This paper presents a Windows graphic developed by the authors for the education and training of power system. Object-oriented programming is a major trend in computer software because it increases flexibility of large-scale software systems. An efficient platform for power system simulation applications has been proposed. This paper presents an intuitive Windows-based program for the power system analysis. The advantages of the object-oriented approach are demonstrated with an implementation of the graphical program. It provides a graphical interface for designing the one-line diagram of the bus and analyzing the output of the simulations. A graphical editor to visually edit the power system, diagram, results processing and exporting and graphic presentations.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제34회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.275-278
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• 2010

핀틀형 추력기는 운용 도중에 노즐목 면적을 변경시켜 고체추진기관과 같은 추력기를 액체 추진기관과 같이 추력을 자유자재로 조절할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 SNECMA사(社)에서 개발한 Divert용 핀틀추력기의 핀틀의 형상 변화에 대해 수치해석 기법으로 분석하였다. Bore에 의하여 핀틀 구동시 받게되는 핀틀의 하중은 줄어들었고, 핀틀 형상에 따라 유동장이 크게 변하는걸 확인하였다.