• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.171-173
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• 2001

Conventional potential concept does not allow different currents before and after the electric load. Experimental examples in case of bioloads show a lot of different currents before and after the bioload, which means that the true potential concept is not the conventional concept from Coulomb attraction energy but the new concept from Gibb's free energy. Gibb's free energy is a kind of potential heat energies and also they are rotating electromagnetic waves. We might think that electric current is not a flow of electrons but a flow of rotating electromagnetic waves, which induces electrons' vibrations. A new measuring method for integral electrical power is suggested for the new Gibb's free energy concept.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2021

As real-time data of factories can be collected using various sensors, the adaptation of intelligent unmanned processing systems is spreading via the establishment of smart factories. In intelligent unmanned processing systems, data are collected in real time using sensors. The equipment is controlled by predicting future situations using the collected data. Particularly, a technology for the prediction of tool wear and for determining the exact timing of tool replacement is needed to prevent defected or unprocessed products due to tool breakage or tool wear. Directly measuring the tool wear in real time is difficult during the cutting process in milling. Therefore, tool wear should be predicted indirectly by analyzing the cutting load of the main spindle, current, vibration, noise, etc. In this study, data from the current and acceleration sensors; displacement data along the X, Y, and Z axes; tool wear value, and shape change data observed using Newroview were collected from the high-speed, two-edge, flat-end mill machining process of SKD11 steel. The support vector machine technique (machine learning technique) was applied to predict the amount of tool wear using the aforementioned data. Additionally, the prediction accuracies of all kernels were compared.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.835-845
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• 2019

This paper presents a robust-optimal control strategy to improve the output-voltage error-tracking and control capability of a DC-DC boost converter. The proposed strategy employs an optimized Fractional-order Proportional-Integral (FoPI) controller that serves to eliminate oscillations, overshoots, undershoots and steady-state fluctuations. In order to significantly improve the error convergence-rate during a transient response, the FoPI controller is augmented with a pre-stage nonlinear error-modulator. The modulator combines the variations in the error and error-derivative via the signed-distance method. Then it feeds the aggregated-signal to a smooth sigmoidal control surface constituting an optimized hyperbolic secant function. The error-derivative is evaluated by measuring the output-capacitor current in order to compensate the hysteresis effect rendered by the parasitic impedances. The resulting modulated-signal is fed to the FoPI controller. The fixed controller parameters are meta-heuristically selected via a Particle-Swarm-Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed control scheme exhibits rapid transits with improved damping in its response which aids in efficiently rejecting external disturbances such as load-transients and input-fluctuations. The superior robustness and time-optimality of the proposed control strategy is validated via experimental results.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.420-423
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• 2020

This study proposes an indirect constant voltage control algorithm for hybrid solid-state transformers (HSSTs) by using primary side information. Considering the structure of HSSTs, measuring voltage and current information on the primary side of a transformer is necessary to control the converter and inverter of the power converter. The secondary side output voltage is measured to apply the conventional secondary side constant voltage control algorithm, and thus, the digital control board requires the same rated insulation voltage as that of the transformer. To solve this problem, the secondary voltage of the transformer obtained from the tap voltage is used. Moreover, output voltage decreases as load increases because the proposed indirect constant voltage control scheme does not consider the cable impedance between the secondary output terminal and the load. This study also proposes a technique for compensating the secondary output voltage by using the primary current of the transformer and the resistance value of the cable. An experiment is conducted using a scale-down HSST prototype consisting of a 660 V/220 V tap transformer. The problem of the proposed indirect constant voltage control strategy and the improvement effect due to the application of the compensation method are compared using the derived experimental results.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6A호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2009

고속도로 교량의 안전성은 주요 구조부재의 정밀육안검사, 비파괴 현장시험 및 재료시험 등의 결과를 바탕으로 외관 상태등급을 검토하고, 현장재하시험 결과에 의해 공용 내하력을 산정함으로써 평가되고 있다. 그러나 교량의 공용 내하력이 설계기준에 비하여 상당히 낮은 상태임에도 불구하고, 실제 외관 상태등급은 비교적 양호한 교량이 상당수 있는 것으로 검토되고 있다. 또한 비슷한 준공시기 및 구조형식을 갖는 교량이라도 여러 가지 조건에 따라 공용 내하력은 큰 차이를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속도로 교량의 현황, 외관 상태등급 및 유지관리 위한 안전진단 및 보수 보강방안 등을 고찰한 후, 기존 고속도로 교량의 안전성 평가에 관한 다양한 문제점을 제시하였다. 400여 개소의 고속도로 교량 실측자료를 기초로 교량형식, 공용기간, 설계활하중, 외관 상태등급 및 교통량을 변수로 하여 공용 내하력을 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 합리적인 고속도로 교량 안전성 평가를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1282-1285
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• 2004

The high voltage driving system with multi-phase shifter including piezoelectric actuators comprised a driving power unit for outputting the driving power by converting input alternate current into direct current, a frequency shifting unit for supplying the direct current power and shifting or generating a frequency, a high-voltage amplification unit for amplifying the input signal outputted from the driving power unit and the frequency shifting unit into a high-voltage signal, and a phase shifting unit for shifting the phase difference of the amplified signal applied to the high-voltage amplification unit and driving plural piezoelectric actuators sequentially. The results that the operating voltage was stable, the voltage loss ratio was low and the response velocity was fast could be obtained. An experiment on performance of the high voltage driving system with multi-phase shifter designed and manufactured as above described was conducted by using a piezoelectric pump having 3 sheets of round unimorph piezoelectric actuators laminated respectively in a rectangular case. It sucks any fluid by causing the first piezoelectric actuator to shift from the inlet porter side, the phase delay of 60$^{\circ}$ causes the second piezoelectric actuator to begin to shift, and the phase delay of 120$^{\circ}$ causes the third piezoelectric actuator to begin to shift. As a result of measuring each change in the outlet flow rate of the piezoelectric pump, it was shown that the frequency-flow rate characteristic, the voltage-flow characteristic, and the load pressure-flow rate characteristic were improved.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

프리스트레스 프리텐숀 보의 전달길이를 위하여 콘크리트의 변형율에 의하여 부착력을 계측하는 간접적인 방법을 일반적으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 트랜스퍼 실험은 실제 보에서 행하여지므로, 실제 상태의 정착부착력을 계측할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나, 최대 정착부착응력과 부착강비를 구하기 난해하며, 그 결과가 매우 분산되어 있으므로, 구조 설계자가 안전한 적정기준을 이해하고 선택하기 어렵다. 콘크리트의 변형을 측정하지 않아도 PS 강선의 정착부착 성능을 얻을 수 있는 대안을 소개하였다. 실제 보에서 PS강재의 긴장을 풀 때와 유사한 상황에서 정축부착 응력을 직접 구하였다. 하중재하부에서 풀려진 PS강선의 긴장력은 하중재하부쪽 강선의 단면증가를 가져오고, 콘크리트 블록에 정착부착력을 발생시키며, 다른 방향(고정부 쪽)으로 슬립을 유발시킨다. 두 개의 중공 로드셀로 양단하중을 최대 부착응력 또는 전면슬립이 일어날 때까지 계측하였다. 프리텐션 콘크리트보의 정착부착 길이를 구하기 위하여 이 방법을 기존의 트랜스퍼 실험방법과 병행하여 사용할 것을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 정상적으로 전기가 공급되고 있는 전력선상에서 주파수의 함수로 표현되는 임피던스 측정 방법을 기술한다. 측정방법으로 전력선 통신사용 주파수 $30Khz\~1Mhz$ 대역의 미소 신호를 연속적으로 전력선에 주입하고, 구현한 임피던스 측정 장치는 측정된 전압과 전류의 크기와 위상으로부터 옥내 채널 임피던스를 계산한다. 임피던스 측정에 있어 광대역 주파수 범위의 임피던스 대 주파수 특성을 수행한다. 구현된 임피던스 측정 장치는 옥내에서 발생하는 부하에 의해 변화하는 전력선 임피던스를 측정하여 전력선 통신 환경을 분석할 수 있는 장비이다. 측정된 데이터는 데이터베이스화 하여 전력선 통신 모뎀의 통신성능 평가 및 테스트 환경 기준 설정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2015

Ceiling cooling and heating system that consider load arrangement and space in the ceiling needs to be developed. Therefore, experimental and economic changes were done to verify the performance of compact type VAV. The test results were as follow. 1) Noise test result, measuring approximately 50.4 dB~56.6 dB (before ceiling in landfill), had a better ceiling deadline than the current measure, about a 10 dB noise reduction, so that the office baseline (40~50 dB) noise was judged to be less than test. 2) For the static pressure test result, taking out an outside hydrostatic 25 mmAq, 24.8 mmAq was measured, respectively, at the point. 3) For the life-cycle cost analysis result, the initial investment cost, maintenance replacement costs, and maintenance costs increased 0.2%, but the energy savings ratio was 19.5% while the whole life cycle savings of 40 years LCC was reduced 11.9%.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.447-453
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• 1999

In MHD power generation system, enthalpy of the working gas is convened to electric power directly through expansion in generator channel. It means that electric power can be generated without a moving mechanical linkage such as turbine blades. The principle of MHD generation is based on Faraday'law of induction that eletromotive force(u$\times$B) is generated when the working gas of velocity u flows a channel in which magnetic field of strength(B) exists. In this paper, helium gas seeded with cesium is used as working gas. There are two types of generator in MHD generation; linear type faraday and disk type hall generator. Rogowski coils having the bandwidth of the 100(Hz) ~ 20(kHz) were used for measuring current flowing MHD disk channel. Optimum load resistor value of the MHD generator studied was 2.5[$\Omega$]. Disk type hall generator's generation performance is the main target of this paper, which superiors to linear type Faraday generator in many points. Isentropic efficiency and enthalpy extraction rate of disk type shock tube driven hall generator is discussed here.