• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2020

This study is to suggest a social welfare policy to overcome the exclusion from the three sectors of economic life, income, labor market, housing, etc., which are the most important items of the welfare of the elderly in the life cycle. The results are as follows. First, income security policies should be comprehensively established and implemented. National institutional guarantees such as national pensions, basic pensions, and national basic living security should be sufficient. Second, housing policy must be reasonably improved. Since housing is a problem for the elderly, policies that suit the taste of the elderly should be effectively established and executed. Third, national and social agreement is needed. Geriatric welfare policies basically require social consensus. In conclusion, measures to overcome the economic exclusion of the elderly should be sought comprehensively in the long-term and various fields. There must also be an explicit agreement from the members of the society. a social welfare policy to overcome from economic exclusion should find ways to overcome the elderly's right to life.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.81-82
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• 2010

Emerging global economic growth and increasing demand for energy supply and demand imbalance and the excessive use of fossil fuels existing the rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion of global energy crisis is deepening. Accordingly, improvement of living conditions around and through the natural ecological preservation and the need for a comfortable life for the meeting the importance of energy management and consumption are emerging. Many in the field of architecture for energy-saving measures, and conducting research and verify green building energy ratings and low energy for the initial steps that can be verified from the Energy Performance of BIM(Building Information Model) technology development and commercialization of the building energy to predict the performance objectively, leverages technology in an existing building energy performance analysis and possibilities of BIM-based green building process presented. In this study, using BIM for existing building energy performance analysis of data collected through the objective and efficient management of the energy it consumes Mapping and Management Plan is to research on.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2002

In this paper, we studied the consciousness of Fisheries high school students Through these kinds of works, this paper will focus on how to activate the Fisheries high school in Kyungbuk province. Primarily, research of the consciousness of people living in the fisheries community of the Kyungbuk coast has been engaged in fisheries. Secondly, research is done the consciousness of Fisheries high school students. Thirdly, research of consciousness of neighboring middle school teachers. Finally, searching for reform measures toward activating Fisheries high schools in the whole country. The conclusions of the study were as follows: First, the proper view of fisheries should be settled again. The understandings of basic knowledge about maritime affairs and fisheries in the stages of elementary schools and middle schools are needed. Secondly, in order to find a way out of the difficulties in fishering villages, governmental financial support has to be presente. from the view of fisher folks who are engaged in the fisheries. Thirdly, larger portions of economic value should be allocated to fisheries villages by improving fisheries structure of the fishery. Actually, lower incomes have burdened fisheries villagers with more debts. Fourthly, academic and care counseling must concentrate on the diversification of courses after graduation from fisheries high schools. Realistically, students of fisheries high schools are longing to enter into universities. Fifthly, reorganization of specialized highschool systems, changes of titles of schools and reconstruction of departments should be steadily carried out. Finally, high morale of fisheries highschool teachers should be revised using various steps. They didn't appear to be proud of their teaching jobs. Supervisors ought to exchange their opinions with teachers for the purpose of development of fisheries high schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tetrax on balance dysfunction caused by ataxia in cerebellar stroke. METHODS: A total of thirty subjects with cerebellar stroke were recruited. The participants was divided into two groups, the experimental (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Tetrax training and conventional physical therapy (CPT) were performed in experimental group, whereas the patients in the control group were treated with CPT twice a day. Each session of the Tetrax and CPT was carried out for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (K-SARA) was the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcomes covered Berg balance scale (BBS), falling index (FI), Timed up and go (TUG), and modified Barthel index of Korean version (K-MBI). All outcome measures were evaluated before and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: K-SARA was decreased significantly after 4 weeks intervention in both the experimental (p<.05) and the control group (p<.05). Furthermore, the experimental group produced significantly better outcomes in K-SARA, BBS, FI, and TUG compared with the control group (p=.012, p=.027, p=.008, and p=.048). There were significant correlations between K-SARA and BBS, FI, TUG, and K-MBI (p<.001, p<.001, p=.004, and p<.001). CONCLUSION: The restoration of ataxia was related with the improvement of the balance, falling risk, mobility, and activity of daily living. Tetrax training was effectively aided recovery of ataxia after cerebellar stroke.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 1992

Rats and Cockroaches are the most problematic pests of our living environment, Rats generally fall under three categories, namely, the Norway rats, the roof rats and the mouses, Among these three types, the roof rats are increasing rapidly in number and their habitats are spreading quickly in the city area, where as the Norway rats are decreasing both in number and habitat. There are numerous damages that these pests create in our society, The rat induce damages to computers and other information processing equipments, sometimes cause light-out, and other financial losses and other sanitary problems. The cockroaches, apart from inducing serious sanitary problems, is an insect that creates insectophobia. decently, it has been revealed that cockroaches are also the main carriers of allergic diseases. Among the pesticides employed against rats in Korea, Beta - fluoro acetate(1080) was initially used after the National Liberalization. Later, the Korean government imported anticoagulant rodenticide for its control. This was followed by a brief, unsuccessful utilization of Zinc Phosphide. Since the begin of 1980s, with the advent of pest control companies, first generation anticoagulant rodenticide were developed in Korea and recently followed by a widespread use of pesticide that utilizes second generation anticoagulant material, the "Brodifacoum" . Among insecticides employed against cockroaches, "Fenitrothion" "Dusban" "DDVP" "Diazinon" and others have been used. They were gradually being replaced by the use of synthesised pyrethroid insecticides until recently. Today there is a wide spread use of bait poisons, the "hydramethylnon" Nevertheless, full prevention and control can not be realized with the sole use of the pesticides. In the future, hygine and proofing, combined with affective pest management, must be incorporated in order to bring about more satisfactory and fruitful preventive measures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5159-5164
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• 2016

Objective: The dynamics of morbidity, disability and death rates due to malignant neoplasms in the population in Uralsk city of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied for 2011-2015, with a focus on age and sex, as well as tumor location. Methods: Statistics for total morbidity, primary disability and mortality from cancer in the adult population of the city of Uralsk for 2011-2015 were calculated per 100 thousand. Estimation of morbidity was based on data from form - $N{\underline{o}}12$ ${\ll}$Report on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of health care organizations and patient population under medical observation". Evaluation of primary disability was based on form $N{\underline{o}}7$ ${\ll}$The distribution of newly recognized disabled by disease class, age, sex and disability groups" for 2011-2015 in Ural city and analysis of cancer was carried out using annual form 7 "Report on the sick, and diseases of malignant neoplasms". Result: The most common localizations of cancer were the trachea, bronchi, lungs, stomach and mammary glands. High death rates were noted for patients with cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lung, as compared to stomach and esophagus. Conclusion: The results of our investigation and data in the literature indicate that regional characteristics influence the impact of risk factors associated with cancer. An unfavorable environmental background contributes to ill health of urban populations, contributing to development of cancer. Moreover behavioral risk factors are very important, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and an unhealthy diet. All these factors require urgent adoption of a package of measures for prevention, early detection and timely treatment. Detailed study of cancer is necessary to develop national programs and activities for prevention and control.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.905-910
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• 2014

The steel grating discussed in this study is a drain cover that enhances the rigidity of the steel frame using an inclined inflow tract for wastewater, facilitates smooth drainage, and prevents the escape of bad smell from the drain. Recently, the urban problem of bad smell in sewerage lines has been hindering the improvement of living standards. Moreover, the frequent failure of existing products deters bad smell prevention measures and results in administrative power and budget wastage. The pressure to reduce budgets propels the increased demand for functional steel grating. Thus, this study focused on optimizing the design parameters of a steel grating by simultaneously considering its rigidity and drainage efficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1259-1275
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• 2015

Background: This study reviewed the published evidence as to how prostate cancer outcomes vary across geographical remoteness and area level disadvantage. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature published from January 1998 to January 2014 was undertaken: Medline and CINAHL databases were searched in February to May 2014. The search terms included terms of 'Prostate cancer' and 'prostatic neoplasms' coupled with 'rural health', 'urban health', 'geographic inequalities', 'spatial', 'socioeconomic', 'disadvantage', 'health literacy' or 'health service accessibility'. Outcome specific terms were 'incidence', 'mortality', 'prevalence', 'survival', 'disease progression', 'PSA testing' or 'PSA screening', 'treatment', 'treatment complications' and 'recurrence'. A further search through internet search engines was conducted to identify any additional relevant published reports. Results: 91 papers were included in the review. While patterns were sometimes contrasting, the predominate patterns were for PSA testing to be more common in urban (5 studies out of 6) and affluent areas (2 of 2), higher prostate cancer incidence in urban (12 of 22) and affluent (18 of 20), greater risk of advanced stage prostate cancer in rural (7 of 11) and disadvantaged (8 of 9), higher survival in urban (8 of 13) and affluent (16 of 18), greater access or use of definitive treatment services in urban (6 of 9) and affluent (7 of 7), and higher prostate mortality in rural (10 of 20) and disadvantaged (8 of 16) areas. Conclusions: Future studies may need to utilise a mixed methods approach, in which the quantifiable attributes of the individuals living within areas are measured along with the characteristics of the areas themselves, but importantly include a qualitative examination of the lived experience of people within those areas. These studies should be conducted across a range of international countries using consistent measures and incorporate dialogue between clinicians, epidemiologists, policy advocates and disease control specialists.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2009

Ballast water is widely recognized as a serious environmental problem due to the risk of introducing non-indigenous aquatic species. In this study we aimed to investigate measures which can minimize the transfer of aquatic organisms from ballast water. Securing more reliable technologies to determine the viability of aquatic organisms is an important initiative in ballast water management systems. To evaluate the viability of marine phytoplankton, we designed the staining methods of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Calcein-AM assay on each target species belonging to different groups, such as bacillariphyceae, dinophyceae, raphidophyceae, chrysophyceae, haptophyceae and chlorophyceae. The FDA method, which is based on measurements of cell esterase activity using a fluorimetric stain, was the best dye for determining live cells of almost all phytoplankton species, except several diatoms tested in this study. On the other hand, although fluorescence of Calcein-AM was very clear for a comparatively longer time, green fluorescence per cell volume was lacking in most of the tested species. According to the Flow CAM method, which is a continuous imaging technique designed to characterize particles, green fluorescence values of stained cells by FDA were significantly higher than those of Calcein-AM treatments and control, implying that the Flow CAM using FDA assay could be adapted as an important tool for distinguishing living cells from dead cells. Our results suggest that the FDA and Calcein-AM methods can be adapted for use on phytoplankton, though species-specific characters are greatly different from one organism to another.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.12
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• pp.587-613
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• 1999

Environmental problems such as global climate change, depletion, ocean and air pollution, and resource degradation-compounded by an expanding world population-respect no border and threaten the health, prosperity and jobs of all mankind. Our efforts to promote democracy, free trade, and stability in the world will fall short unless people have a livable environment. We have an enormous stake in the management of the world's resources. By increasing demand for timber, natural gas, coal and consumer's goods have destroyed the grounds for living. Greenhouse gas emissions anywhere in the world have threatened coastal communities, and then changed the Earth's climate system. The burning of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels is increasing substantially the concentration of heat-trapping gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in our air. The earth's temperature and sea levels are rising as a result. Since 1972 there has been a marked growth in the number and scope of environmental treaties. In particular, after the 1992 Rio Conference, international legal instruments became more concentrated on addressing environment within the context of sustainable development and incorporated a number of new concepts and innovative approaches. A preliminary analysis of recent conventions and in particular those associated with the Rio Conference indicates various ideas, concepts and principles which have come to the fore including sustainable development, equity, common concern of humankind, common but differentiated responsibilities and global partnership. However, international trade also has an environmental impact which must be minimized or countered. Positive measures are to be preferred to achieve environmental goals, but where trade provisions are necessary, they should be appropriately used within environmental conventions to facilitate the reduction and limitation of the negative impacts of trade and to enhance the complementarity of the multilateral trade regime with the imperatives of environmental protection, in the interests of environmental protection and sustainable development generally. The international community has to recognize and endorse this need to achieve complementarity between trade and environment issues.