• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.505-514
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• 2019

Our country is making efforts to manage water resources efficiently. In the future, It is necessary to develop a plan after subdividing the basin considering regional problems and water use, topographical and climatic characteristics. This study constructed water supply and demand system based on the standard watershed unit for water shortage evaluation considering spatial resolution. In addition, water shortage were calculated and compared using the MODSIM model in the Han-river basin. As a result, the average water shortage occurring during the 49 years (1967-2015) was 129.98 million $m^3$ for the middle watershed unit and 222.24 million $m^3$ for the standard watershed unit, resulting in a difference of about 2.1 billion m3. However, the trends and distribution of water shortage occurrence were very similar. The reason for this is that, in the case of the Middle watershed unit analysis, water shortages are calculated for the demand for living, industrial, and agricultural water for the representative natural flow value, assuming that all the water can be used in basin. The standard basin unit analysis showed that the difference between the fractionated supply and demand resulted in a large water shortage due to the relatively small amount of available water, and that the main stream did not show water shortage due to the ripple effect of the return flow. If the actual water use system is considered in the model as well as the subdivision of the spatial unit, it will be possible to evaluate the water supply and demand reflecting the regional characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

By using the raw data of the 2015 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Consensus that surveyed the farmers engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2015, this study investigated the effects of the characteristics of the farms in Gangwon-do on the utilization of the digital devices, which was classified into computers usage only, smartphones usage only, both computers and smartphones usage, and no digital device usage. This study used the Multinomial Logit Model for the above purpose. Moreover, the IIA(Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives) method of the Multinomial Logit Model was analyzed to be suitable. Upon the result of the analysis, when all the other variables were constant in the average, the probability of choosing both computers and smartphones increased by 0.02% as the family member living together with the farm owner increased by 1 person. In addition, the farms with agricultural machineries have 0.03% increased probability of using smartphones to sell their agricultural products, when compared with the farms without agricultural machinery. Moreover, for the farms with high sales profit of the agricultural products, the probability of using computers and the probability of using smartphones increased by 0.04% and 0.01%, respectively, and the probability of using both computers and smartphones increased by 0.02%. On the other hand, for the farms affiliated with the agricultural organization, the probability of using both computers and smartphones increased by 0.17%, and the probability of using only smartphones and the probability of using only computers increased by 0.16% and 0.15%, respectively. In case of selling to the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF), the probability of using smartphones increased by 0.11% if all other variables were to be constant in the average. In particular, the farms participating in the agriculture-related industries have 1.09% increased probability of using computers, have 0.92% increased probability of using smartphones, and 0.85% increased probability of using both computers and smartphones. Therefore, the implications suggested based on the results of the analysis are as follows. First, the farms' choices of the digital devices are made independently. Hence, the future agricultural industry business platform establishment should necessarily consider the types of farms' choices of the digital devices in the future. Second, since the usage of digital devices has a generally positive influence on the farm household income, digital education to improve farmers' ability to use the digital devices should be urgently provided in order to improve the farm household income in the farms in Gangwon-do. Third, because the digital devices used to sell agricultural products differ depending on the age of the farm owner, it would be desirable to target the younger generation of the farm owners rather than establishing the agricultural industry business platform for the farms in the aged farm villages. Fourth, it would be advisable for the future agricultural business platform to consider the characteristics of agricultural products sales source.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2019

Background: The food and food service influence the quality of life and the general health condition of older persons living in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Purchasing good food materials is a ground of good food service. In Korea, the residents in LTC facilities should pay for the cost of food materials and ingredients out of their pocket because it is not covered by LTC insurance. This study explored what factors affect the cost of food materials paid by LTC facility residents and which factor affects most. Methods: We used data from the study on out-of-pocket payment on national LTC insurance, which surveyed 1,552 family caregivers of older residents in LTC facilities. We applied conditional multi-level model, of which the first level represents the characteristics of care receivers and caregivers and its second level reflects those of LTC facilities. Results: We found that the facility residents with college-graduated family caregivers paid 11,545 Korean won more than those with less than elementary-graduated ones. However, the income level of family caregivers did not significantly affect the amount of the food material cost of the residents. The residents in privately owned, large, metropolitan-located facilities were likely to pay more than those in other types of facilities. The amount of the food material cost of the residents was mainly decided by the facility level factors rather than the characteristics of care recipients and their family caregivers (intra-class correlation=82%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that it might be effective to design a policy targeting facilities rather than residents in order to manage the cost of food materials of residents in LTC facilities. Setting a standard price for food materials in LTC facilities, like Japan, could be suggested as a feasible policy option. It needs to inform the choice of LTC users by providing comparable food material cost information. The staffing requirement of nutritionist also needs to be reviewed.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objective : This study is to know how the internal and external control of the elderly in care facilities affect the relational aggression's perception. Methods : I analyzed the internal and external control and the relational aggression's perception through a survey of the elderly in care facilities. For data collection, 148 of 165 questionnaires, excluding 17 questionnaires with missing questionnaire and middle-level abandonment, were used for the final analysis. Independent variables were the internal and external control, dependent variables were the relational aggression of negative and bullying behaviors, and controlled variables were general sociological characteristics of the elderly. Results : The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference internal and external control depending on the length of a care facility. Second, there were significant differences in the recognition of relational aggression depending on the level of education, the period of admission, the presence of spouses, and the level of economy. Third, there was a significant difference in comparison of relational aggression perceptions according to internal and external control. Fourth, internal and external control affected the recognition of relational aggression. Conclusion : According to the demographic characteristics, there was a difference in the internal and external control and relational aggression perception of the elderly living in the facilities, and the internal and external control affected the level of relational aggression perception of the elderly in the facilities.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.221-234
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the policy compliance according to the socio-demographic characteristics, stress, satisfaction of relationship, Health Belief Model and characteristics of smoking behaviors and knowledge related smoking of the residents living in the Smoke-free apartment and to investigate the change of the smoking related behavior before and after the implementation of the policy. Methods: The subjects of the survey were 293 residents aged 19 or older who reside in apartments six months after the designation of Smoke-free apartment located in Daejeon. All collected data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA and Hierarchical multiple regression of SPSS for windows(ver 24.0) program. Results: The policy compliance was higher in women and those who lived for less than two years, and non-smokers were significantly higher. The policy compliance of the whole subjects was related to satisfaction with the surrounding relationship, perceived disability about smoking cessation, frequency of smoking and the amount of smoking. The policy compliance of the whole subjects was related to the satisfaction of the surrounding relationship, the perceived disability about smoking cessation, and the amount of smoking. In addition, after the implementation of the gold research station designation policy, it had a positive impact on smoker's smoking behavior and resulted in reducing the frequency of secondhand smoke among residents. Conclusions: In order to increase the compliance of the non-smoking policy It is necessary to continuously expand the indoor smoking cessation zone policy, develop policies and supplement the health belief model components.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.543-550
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of fish inhabiting Hapcheon Dam and surrounding rivers and the Bluegill population, an invasive species, and provide basic data. The survey of fish living in Hapcheon Dam and surrounding tributaries in the Ulsan area from 2016 to 2017 identified a total of 1,785 individuals of 30 species of 10 families and identified 8 Korea's endemic species (21.8% indigenization rate), 3 exotic species, and 2 ecosystem disturbance species. The comparison of this study with the past survey showed that 36 species of 12 families were reported in the past survey, but 14 species of them were not found in this study. We believe that a more detailed survey of Lake Hapcheon should identify most of them. The analysis of the length-weight relationship for the Bluegill population, identified as the dominant species in the Hapcheon Lake, showed that a large number of populations was in the stage of rapid growth as a large number of populations aged 1 to 2 years was found. Since the obesity level and the length-weight relationship were confirmed to be in good condition, it was necessary to prepare a plan to control the Bluegill population. We expect that this study's results can be useful data for understanding the growth and trends of the Bluegill population inhabiting the Hapcheon Dam and surrounding rivers.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.59
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• pp.298-308
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• 2017

In the modern society in which globalization is ongoing in the overall culture social culture, various efforts are being made by each country around the world in order to search for the distinctive cultural identity and creativity. Recognizing the importance of the 'Korean' tradition, South Korea is also actively engaged in researches to develop design utilizing it and to apply it in real life. Here, developing Korean design does not simply refer to borrowing and imitating the traditional form or color but refers to generating a new, original and ethnic aesthetic consciousness that conform to the era that we are currently living in based on the unique ideology and sentiment inherent in its formativeness. Despite the fact that research on Korean traditional culture has continued for a long period of time, it is considered that such phenomenon continues to take place because the establishment and utilization of Korean culture identity is still insufficient. There, research on various fields based on new understanding with regards to our culture and the development of design utilizing it is in dire need. This study aims to analyze the said usage form and formative characteristics and the possibility of modern application focused on the lines and patterns which are most frequently mentioned when discussing about the Korean traditional formative beauty of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2021

Linoleum is a resilient, hygienic, and eco-friendly floor covering. It was developed in England by Frederick Walton in 1863. Made of cork flour, linseed oil, and burlap as its main materials, the flexible and waterproof linoleum became globally popular in the early 20th century. Unlike the vinyl coverings, the burlap-backed linoleum was used not only in commercial spaces but also in household areas like kitchens, bathrooms, and even living rooms. As a global product, linoleum was imported and used in Korean palaces like Deoksugung and Changdeokgung in the early modern period. According to the record Deoksugung Won-Ahn, linoleum was applied to the major buildings, including Hamnyeongjeon, Deokhongjeon, and Jeonggwanheon, and various other venues. The linoleum used in these places are mainly monochrome blue and brown color, which probably means that they are from England. The trade records in the early 20th century show that linoleum was imported mainly from England and America. The Ewangjik building floor plan in the Changdeokgung Palace shows that linoleum was used extensively. There are even some originals, which were laid in 1920 and left in the Changdeokgung Palace. When Daejojeon and Huijeongdang were rebuilt in 1920, the interior was outfitted with western features and linoleum was used in areas such as bathrooms, the tonsorial parlor, and one of the rooms on the west side of Huijeongdang. In situ in the Daejojeon and Huijeongdang areas in the Changdeokgung Palace are monochrome, patterned black, and stylized floral tile patterned, which are closely similar to American products made by ALC and Armstrong company. This study will help us better understand linoleum's characteristics, its uses and the material itself. It will also form the basis for the restoration of Changdeokgung Palace as well as other modern interiors with linoleum flooring in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.877-888
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• 2021

This study used three types of temporary shelters, tents, and prefabricated houses provided by the Chinese government for victims after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 as case study objects. Through literature review, 12 evaluation items were selected from the social, economic, and environmental elements of the sustainability of residential space design to analyze and evaluate three types of temporary shelters, and derive their respective characteristics and problems. The analysis results show that the temporary centralized settlements and tents had problems such as imperfect infrastructure, poor sanitation, narrow living space, no personal space, and inconvenience in life. Prefabricated houses had problems such as high construction costs, non-environmentally friendly building materials, occupation of arable land, low recycling rate of materials, and environmental pollution by waste. The common problem of the three types of shelters was that the government took the lead in the construction and distribution of shelters, and the disaster victims passively accept government support. Therefore, disaster victims were not actively involved in the construction and management of temporary communities. Secondly, the designs of all three types of temporary shelters did not fully consider the psychological needs of the victims, especially the need for safe and hygienic personal space. Finally, this research proposes improvement plans for the problems in the sustainable design of three temporary shelters and the construction and management of temporary communities.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.190-204
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• 2022

Background: In Korea, the population is rapidly aging, and the types of households for the elderly are also diversifying. The self-rated health of the elderly is a valuable health indicator that can comprehensively represent the overall quality of life along with physical, mental, and functional health. On the other hand, studies on the association between household type and self-rated health of the elderly are still insufficient. Thus, this study analyzed the association between household type and self-rated health by gender in Korean older adults. Methods: Using data from the analysis of the National Survey of Older Koreans 2017, 10,299 elderly people aged 65 and over were targeted. For the accuracy of the analysis data, 9,910 people were selected as the study sample by excluding proxy responses, those diagnosed with dementia, and non-response. And technical analysis, univariate analysis using the Rao-Scott chi-square test, and logical regression analysis involving survey characteristics were conducted by gender. Results: According to the adjusted model with all variables, in both men and women, the odds ratio of self-rated health 'bad' in 'couple (with ill spouse)' was significantly higher than 'couple (with spouse)'. It was 2.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-3.15) for men and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.70-2.62) for women. In addition, the odds ratio of self-rated health 'bad' in 'living with adult children' was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.09-1.87) for men and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.15-1.75) for women, which was more significant in women than men. Conclusion: This study states that there is an association between gender, household type, and self-rated health of the elderly, and the health of a spouse and cohabitation with children have a significant effect on self-rated health. As a result, in order to improve the health status of the elderly, health promotion and health care policies involving the characteristics of the elderly's gender and household type are needed.