• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.402-411
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to assess the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide according to task unit area at swine farms. Methods: A total of six swine farms were selected for this study. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were monitored using a real-time multi-gas monitor which could sample the gases simultaneously. The sampling was done in the pig building, manure storage facility and composting facility of each farm. Results: The concentration of ammonia in the pig buildings(GM 22.6 ppm, GSD 2.3) was significantly higher(p<0.0001) than in the manure storage facilities(GM 10.4 ppm, GSD 2.7) and composting facilities(GM 8.6 ppm, GSD 2.8). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the manure storage facilities(GM 9.8 ppm, GSD 3.2) was higher(p<0.0001) than in the pig buildings(GM 2.3 ppm, GSD 2.3) and composting facilities(GM 1.9 ppm, GSD 2.5). In particular, the levels of hydrogen sulfide in the confined manure storage facilities were higher than those in open-type facilities and the peak concentration(98 ppm) in the confined facilities was approximate to 100 ppm, at the value of Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health(IDLH). Conclusions: Suffocation accidents caused by hazardous gases at a swine farm have occurred annually. Real-time monitoring of the hazards should be done in order to protect farm workers and livestock from the sudden accidents.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 1982

Engineering phase of dairy housing systems has close connection with the milk produc- tivity of dairy cattle, the quality of milk, extension of dairy production systems, labor- saving in management of dairy cattle and the like. Moreover, the rate of investment of dairy housing facilities is of relatively high level, However, there has been almost no research effort for the improvement of engineering aspects of dairy housing systems in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out general engineering problems and to recomm- end the improvement in dairy housing systems in Korea. Field survey by means of questionaire, direct measurements, taking pictures and sketching was conducted to get necessary information for the study. Kyung-ki Do region was firstly chosen for sampling area since it has included more than half of the number of dairy farms of the whole country. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In overall dairy farm layout, the dwellings of workers were ignored in the light of sanitary environment 2. The layout of stalls in a dairy barn belongs mostly to the type of double-row face-out, which is compatible with the emphasis of manure disposal activities. 3. While the width and length of stalls were sufficiently close to the standard dimension, the width of mangers was much less than the standard dimension. 4. The width and depth of manure gutters and the width of working alleys were much. less than the standard dimension. 5. The mooring equipment was mostly in the classes of chain or rope. The watering equipment was not facilitated independantly except the one cese of using watercup. 6. The bucket milkers with one or two bucket milkers with the capacity of two cattles. each were used as milking equipment in most dairy farms. 7. There were only few milk rooms independently spaced from other space, in which the arrangement of milking equipment was much less than the standard condition. 8. The lounging ground area was averaged to be sufficient for the activity of dairy herd. 9. Silos for silage used during winter consisted of mostly bunker silos, trench silos and underground vertical silos. Ordinary vertical silos were considered for the farmers to be inconvenient for the labor saving. 10. From the view point of heat conservation and moisture removal within the dairy barns, windows were not flexible for the easy ventilation and ceiling part was not adequate for temperatur maintenance. 11. Waste treatment and disposal systems were not provided with most dairy farms, therefore the livestock waste pollution problems would be serious in the near future.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2015

Purpose - This study was conducted to develop a beekeeping farm management standard checklist. This is essential to increase the competitive power of beekeeping farmers. Checklists in relation to crops and livestock were established by the Rural Development Administration in the 2000s. To date, 60 checklists have been created by crop and livestock experts. However, other farmers outside the 60 checklists are increasing. Therefore, extra development is required for these farmers. This study was conducted to meet farmers' requirements. The special farming dealt with in this study is beekeeping. Such checklists were not developed due to the small number of beekeeping farmers. However, these days, a number of such farmers are emerging. Research design, data, and methodology - Many related experts participated in this study. This study was conducted in four stages. First, a basic outline of beekeeping was created by surveying many kinds of beekeeping experts. The draft of the beekeeping checklist was created by a secondary advisory council. This draft was then sent to 14 beekeeping experts to confirm whether or not it was suitable as a management checklist. For collecting the experts' opinions, a direct visit survey was done through an arranged questionnaire. Additionally, a basic management checklist blueprint was reviewed by many experts. In the third stage, a Delphi survey method was utilized with a special Delphi questionnaire. In this stage, experts who participated in the first and second stages were excluded. As there were uncertain answers among them, a second Delphi survey was done. As a result of this survey, all answers were agreed among them. Results - From the results of this survey, four subjects in the management accomplishment index were determined. These are farming scale, average product per beehive, the sale price of honey (1kg), and the number of bee plates in the beehive. In the case of the management checklist content, five items were determined. These are beekeeping farming facilities, the environment around the farm land and general management, the product management of the beekeeping harvest, the management of the disease and pest, and farming management. This checklist will be utilized for beekeeping farmers to implement in a management situation. Conclusions - These days, the number of beekeeping farmers is increasing. The management checklist for beekeeping farmers will be used to improve their farming situation and marketing. Beekeeping farmers can understand their management by reviewing their checklist. After checking, the situation of management can be analyzed. Farmers can supplement weaknesses with expert advice. This checklist will be used by agricultural technique extension workers for farming management consulting. This checklist has to be complemented by a change in the management of the environment. This checklist will be delivered to beekeeping farmers after a verification survey is done. The result of the checklist score will be utilized for a benchmarking service to be implemented for beekeeping farmers to utilize.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 축산물 생산 환경에서 오염 가능한 Aspergillus ochraceus와 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa를 저감하기 위하여 자외선과 유기산을 활용하여 그 효과를 구명하였다. 이를 위하여 각각의 균 현탁액(10⁷-10⁸ spores/mL)을 칼 표면에 1 mL 접종하고 37℃에 건조한 후 각각의 처리 조건에 활용하였다. 먼저 유기산 효과를 구명하기 위하여 아세트산, 젖산, 구연산을 활용하였으며 적정 농도 선정을 위하여 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5%의 농도로 제조하였다. 그 결과 아세트산의 경우 약 5 log, 젖산은 최대 2 log CFU/cm² 감소하였으나, 구연산의 경우 1 log 이하로 미미한 수준이었다. 이에 따라 유기산 처리 효과를 더욱 극대화하기 위해 자외선과의 복합처리를 진행하고자 하였다. 두 균주는 모든 유기산에서 90% 이상 감소하여 초기 균주와 비교하였을 때 유의적인 차이(P<0.05)를 보였으며 특히 4%의 젖산은 자외선(360 mJ/cm²)과 함께 처리하였을 때, 2 log CFU/cm²이상 감소하였으며 같은 조건에서 아세트산은 5 log CFU/cm²이상의 저감능을 보였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 사용한 4% 농도의 아세트산으로 제조할 경우 이취가 매우 심하여 작업자가 생산환경에서 사용하기에 어려움이 있다. 이에 따라서 현장에 적용하기 위한 유기산과 자외선 최적 처리 조건은 4% 젖산 용액에 1분간 침지한 후 자외선을 20분 가량(360 mJ/cm²) 살균 처리하는 방법으로 선정하였다. 최종적으로 유기산 세척 및 자외선 처리가 된 칼로 돼지고기 절단 작업을 수행하였을 때, 현장 오염 수준의 진균류 농도에서 작업 후 돼지고기 표면으로 이행되는 오염량은 모두 불검출 되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 실험실 규모뿐만 아니라 최종적으로 현장에서 살균된 도구를 활용하여 작업 시 고기 표면까지 이행되는 교차오염을 방지할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.