• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권2_spc호
• /
• pp.360-369
• /
• 2024

Ruminal methane production functions as the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated through rumen fermentation and is recognized as a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is a complex trait affected by dry matter intake, feed composition, rumen microbiota and their fermentation, lactation stage, host genetics, and environmental factors. Various mitigation approaches have been proposed. Because individual ruminants exhibit different methane conversion efficiencies, the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals can be essential for successful rumen manipulation and environment-friendly methane mitigation. Several bacterial species, including Sharpea, uncharacterized Succinivibrionaceae, and certain Prevotella phylotypes have been listed as key players in low-methane-emitting sheep and cows. The functional characteristics of the unclassified bacteria remain unclear, as they are yet to be cultured. Here, we review ruminal methane production and mitigation strategies, focusing on rumen fermentation and the functional role of rumen microbiota, and describe the phylogenetic and physiological characteristics of a novel Prevotella species recently isolated from low methane-emitting and high propionate-producing cows. This review may help to provide a better understanding of the ruminal digestion process and rumen function to identify holistic and environmentally friendly methane mitigation approaches for sustainable ruminant production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.296-300
• /
• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.1430-1438
• /
• 2019

Objective: This experiment was designed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CC) on muscle fiber characteristics, amino acid composition and transporters gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of finishing pigs. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire cross-bred male finishing pigs were fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 70, and 140 mg/kg cysteamine. Each group contained eight replicates of nine pigs per replicate. After 29 days, one pig was randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered. Blood and LDM samples were collected and analyzed. Results: The results showed that supplemental dietary CC increased (p<0.05) the muscle fiber density. And CC supplementation also up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 (MyHC1) and MyHC2x mRNA levels, and down-regulated (p<0.05) MyHC2b expression in the LDM. Additionally, supplemental dietary CC reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of total cholesterol in the plasma and enhanced (p<0.05) the concentrations of essential amino acid and total amino acid in the LDM. The relative expression levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 2, $b^{0,+}$ amino acid transporter, and $y^+$-L-type amino acid transporter 1 were upregulated (p<0.05) in the LDM when pigs were fed with the dietary CC of 70 mg/kg. Conclusion: Cysteamine supplementation could increase fiber density and distribution of fiber types. It also improved the deposition of protein in the LDM by up-regulated the expression of amino acid transporters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.368-369
• /
• 1989

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.280-294
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propolis extract as a natural preservative for livestock products in term of chemical and microbiological characteristics by meta-analysis. The stages carried out in this study were identification, selection, checking suitability, and the resulting selected articles were used in the meta-analysis. The selection results obtained a total of 22 selected journal articles consisting of 9 articles for analysis of the antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and 13 articles for analysis of the chemical and mirobiological characteristics of livestock products. The articles were obtained from electronic databases, namely Science Direct and Google Scholar. The model used in this study is the random-effect model involving two groups, control and experimental. Heterogeneity and effect size values were carried out in this study using Hedge's obtained through openMEE software. Forest plot tests and data validation on publication bias was obtained using Kendall's test throught JASP 0.14.1 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between propolis extract with the results of the antimicrobial activity (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the application of propolis extract on the livestock products for the test microbes and the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) showed significant results (p<0.05). Conclusion based on the random-effect model on the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and their apllication as a natural preservative of the chemical and microbiological characteristics of livestock products is valid by Kendall's test (p>0.05). Propolis in this case effectively used as natural preservatives in livestock products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.667-674
• /
• 1999

Intensive livestock production has increased dramatically in Europe since the 1960s, particularly. in Northern and Central European countries, resulting in large increases in the nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters and in atmospheric emissions of ammonia. This has arisen due to inadequate management of the large amounts manure produced, particularly where there has been insufficient land area used for efficient nutrient reuse in crop production. Nutrient pollution from intensive livestock production has progressively degraded the quality of water resources in many parts of Europe, with eutrophication of many inland and coastal waters, as well as soil acidification and ecosystem degradation. These problems have been known for many years, and although there are various international agreements on transboundary pollution, it is largely left to individual countries to set and enforce standards. Consequently, a number of different approaches are employed, although the common feature of these is to encourage farmers to use the nutrients in animal manures efficiently according to crop requirements, which also reduces the potential for accumulation in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. This paper reviews nutrient production and use in Europe and some of the strategies employed to avoid and reduce nutrient pollution.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2012

IT 기술의 발달과 함께 각 분야에서는 IT와 융합한 기술을 개발하고 있으며, 축산분야에서도 구제역발생 이후에 IT를 활용한 가축의 관리에 관심을 가지고 있다. 최근에는 정보통신 기술이 유비쿼터스 기술로 진보하면서 U-축산의 도입이 필요한 시점이다. U-축산의 도입을 위해서는 우선 현재 업무에 대한 분석을 통하여 서비스 모델 도출이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 축산 부문의 서비스모델을 가축 생애주기별로 구분하여 기존의 국내외 사례들을 기반으로 하여 도출하였다. 이중에는 현재 사업으로 진행되고 있는 것도 있으며, 앞으로 진행되어야 할 것들도 있다. 향후에는 도출된 서비스 모델에 대하여 각 서비스모델별로 목표를 설정하고, 기능을 정의하며, 플랫폼을 정의하는 과정이 필요하며, 단일 서비스모델이 아닌 통합된 서비스모델로서 방향을 진행하여야 할 것이다. 이제 축산업에서도 유비쿼터스기술을 활용한 U-축산 도입을 통하여 첨단화 되고, 효율적인 방식으로 가축관리가 진행되며, 산업 경쟁력 및 생산성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.219-221
• /
• 1995

Data on productive and reporductive performance of native cows maintained at Savar Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS), Savar, Dhaka, were collected from the periods of 1980-1988. The mean calving to first breeding during the second parity was longer (p < 0.01) than the fourth and fifth parities (152 vs 105 and 96 days respectively). There was no difference on the parameters like first breeding to conception, service period, gestation length, number of services per conception and total milk yield over the parities. The mean calving interval during the second parity was longer (p < 0.05) than the fourth and fifth parities. The mean lactation length during the first parity was longer (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (317 vs 237, 266, 250 and 247 days respectively). The mean per day milk yield during the first lactation was lower (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (1.88 vs 2.55, 2.75, 2.54 and 2.57 kg respectively). The mean dry period was longer in first lactation (p < 0.05) compared to third and fifth lactations (209 vs 141 and 129 days respectively).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.5
• /
• 2014

The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2006

본 시험은 남은 음식물을 산란계 사료에 1, 3, 5, 10 및 20% 첨가하여, 산란계의 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 50주령 산란계(White Leghorn종) 162수를 이용하였으며, 처리구는 남은 음식물을 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20% 첨가하여 4주간 급여하였다. 시험기간 중 사료 섭취량, 난중은 첨가수준별과 주령별 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 산란율은 FW 20% 처리구에서 1, 2, 3 주째 산란율의 감소가 있었으나, 4주째 회복하였다(p<0.05). 난각 두께와 난황 계수는 전 처리구에서 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 난각 강도는 3주째와 4주째에 10% FW 처리구에서 각각 $4.13kg/cm^2$와 $4.04kg/cm^2$로 나타나 첨가 수준에 따른 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 호우 유니트와 난황색은 20% FW 처리구에서 4주째에 각각 92.3과 9.4로 남은 음식물 사료의 첨가 수준에 따라 주령별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과 FW를 20% 이상 첨가시에 산란율이 감소했지만, 5% 첨가시에 산란율이 유지되었으며, 난질이 개선되어 남은 음식물 사료의 영양소 요구량 수준 개선으로 사료 자원으로서 가치가 증진될 것으로 사료된다.