• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.28-44
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• 2014

국내 경제성장에 힘입어 최근 30여 년 간에 걸쳐서 축산물 소비가 급격하게 늘어나고 있다. 이에 따라 국내 가축 규모는 전업화, 대형화 되는 추세에 있다. 가축 사육두수의 증가는 필연적으로 가축분뇨 발생량 증가를 초래하게 되었다. 농림축산 통계에 따르면 2013년 말 기준으로 약 47,235천 톤의 가축분뇨가 발생되었다. 이 분뇨를 처리하기 위해서 퇴비화, 액비화, 정화 그리고 혐기소화와 같은 다양한 가축분뇨 처리방법이 적용되고 있다. 가축분뇨를 퇴비화 처리 하는 시설에 있어서는 에스컬레이터식, 패들식, 스크루식 또는 로타리식 등의 4가지 종류의 교반시설이 적용되고 있다. 가축분뇨 액비화 시설의 경우에는 호기적 방법과 무산소적 방법 등의 2가지 시설이 운영되고 있다. 가축분뇨를 액비화하기 위해서 전국에 약 8천기에 달하는 액비화 시설이 설치, 운영되고 있다. 가축분뇨 정화처리 시설에서는 고액분리 처리, 2차 처리 그리고 고도 처리의 3가지 단계의 기술을 적용하고 있다. 2012년 말 기준으로 볼 때 혐기소화 처리방법에 의해서 처리된 돼지분뇨 슬러리는 약 21천 톤에 달한다. 가축분뇨 처리를 위해서 퇴비, 액비, 정화 시설, 혐기소화 시설 등을 선택함에 있어서 악취제거 효율을 높이는 것이 대단히 중요한 사안이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 국내에 설치된 가축분뇨처리 시설의 특징과 운영방식을 6년간에 걸친 시설 설치관련 서류 검토와 현장조사를 통하여 분석하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2009

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2022

정부는 최근 2050년까지 국가 온실가스 순배출량은 "0"으로 하는 2050 탄소중립 정책을 추진하고 있다. 이에, 축산업 부문 2050 탄소중립을 위한 핵심적인 수단으로 가축분뇨 에너지화에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 가축분뇨 고체연료화 기술은 가축분뇨를 건조 또는 탄화시켜 고체연료로 제조하는 기술로서 가축분뇨 고체연료 제조시설 및 발전시설의 경제성 문제로 인하여 보급 확산이 미미한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 가축분뇨 고체연료 제조 및 이용 촉진을 위하여 가축분뇨 고체연료의 잠재적인 수요처인 가축분뇨 고체연료 발전시설의 경제성을 평가하고자 하였다. 가축분뇨 고체연료 제조원가는 200톤/일 규모의 발효건조 과정에서 97.4 천원/톤으로 가장 낮은 제조원가를 보였다. 가축분뇨 고체연료 발전시설은 신재생에너지공급인증서(REC) 가중치 1.5에서 경제성을 나타냈다. 가축분뇨 고체연료화는 온실가스 저감, 수계 비점오염원 저감 등 다양한 환경적 편익을 지니고 있다. 따라서 가축분뇨 고체연료 생산시설을 확산 보급을 위해서는 다양한 환경 편익을 포함한 경제성 검토가 요구된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.482-486
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• 2013

Assessment of nutrient balance in region unit is important to make a decision on nutrient management in agriculture. In this study, the nutrient demand in arable land and nutrient supply from livestock manure and chemical fertilizer were estimated from pig-concentrated areas. Three regions (H, I and J) were selected on the basis of pig numbers per unit area of arable land. In H and I regions, nitrogen amount from pig manure occupied about 50% of total livestock manure. Nutrient supply was three times higher compared to the nutrient demand in each of 3 regions. Soil available phosphate of higher pig-populated area in regional unit was higher than less populated livestock area. Therefore, livestock manure-derived regional management and monitoring of soil nutrient contents is necessary for the minimization and improvement of nutrient surplus.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate decomposition of livestock manure in soils cultivated with Chinese cabbage along an alitude gradient. The experiments were conducted in Kangreung (17 m above sea level), Bongpyeong (430 m above sea level), and Daekwanryeong (800 m above the sea level) in order to assess the decomposition rate and accumulations of livestock manures depending on different altitudes. During chinese cabbage cultivation, the decomposition ratios of organic matter derived form livestock manure expressed as % of the initial organic matter content were 42~48% for Kangreung, 26~29% for Bongpyeong and 10~14% for Daekwanryeong. Changes in air temperature with altitude might be a main factor affecting manure decomposition rates.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

가축분뇨는 2018년 말 기준으로 연간 총 51,013천 톤이 발생하였고 그 중의 91.2%인 46,530천 톤이 퇴비화(40,647천 톤)나 액비화(5,884천 톤) 방법에 의해 처리되었다. 현재 우리나라의 가축분뇨 처리 관련 정책방향은 가축분뇨를 퇴비화나 액비화 방법을 적용하여 비료자원화 한 후 농경지에 유기성 비료로서 환원한다는 것이고, 이 정책은 가축분뇨 처리와 영양물질 순환 측면에서 그 효과가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 지난 수십 년 동안 지속적으로 감소하는 농경지 면적과 환경관련 제도의 변천상황을 고려하면 향후에 가축분 퇴비의 시용에 대한 제한이 강화될 우려 있다. 지역적인 양분 과잉발생 현상, 양분관리제 그리고 지자체별 가축 사육두수 제한조항과 같은 환경관련 제도 등이 가축분뇨 처리 및 자원화에 난제요인으로 작용하게 될 우려가 있다. 이에 더해 가축분뇨로부터 유래된 영양물질이 주요 댐의 상류에 위치한 지류로 유입될 수도 있을 것이라는 일부의 견해도 존재한다. 특히 최근 들어서는 가축분뇨 퇴비에서 미세먼지가 발생된다는 문제까지 제기되기도 했다. 이렇듯 가축분뇨 퇴비화에 대한 일반의 관심이 높아지고 있어서 새로운 방식의 가축분뇨 처리기술 개발의 필요성이 높아진 상황이다. 특히 소는 타 축종에 비해 마리당 분뇨발생량이 많아 우분처리 관련 신기술 개발은 그 효과가 매우 클 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우분을 고체연료원으로서 사용시의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 우분펠릿의 연소과정에서 나타나는 특성을 조사하였다. 연소실험 결과 연소실의 온도가 약 $300^{\circ}C$ 내외에 도달했을 때 우분펠릿의 무게감소가 급격하게 나타나기 시작하였다. 우분펠릿의 열분해 과정에서 생성된 열분해가스중의 수소와 메탄 그리고 일산화탄소 농도는 각각 6.65~11.62%, 0.58~1.54% 그리고 11.47~14.07% 수준이었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2010

Over 90% of the livestock excretions were treated and utilized by land application in Korea. Excessive application of the livestock manure as fertilizer has been issued as a main pollutant source in groundwater and watersheds. This study was seasonally conducted to identify the discharging characteristics with a certain artificial rainfall intensity (13 mm/hr) in terms of surface runoff, groundwater, and soil residue mass depending on the livestock manure types. A experimental field was constructed with three different sites that pig liquid fertilizer (LF), cattle manure (CM), and standard (S). The pig liquid fertilizer of 1,200 L and cattle manure of 900 kg were sprayed on each site ($50m^2$). The standard area was firmly prevented from any other contaminants. In the LF site, farmland discharging rate (FDR) was computed as 0.006 in CODcr, 0.015 in TN, and 0.029 in TP, resulted from the mass balance among total injection mass, surface runoff and groundwater. In the CM site, 29% of the nitrogen and phosphorus in each were discharged to the surface, and 64% and 58% of them were remained in the farmland. Surface runoff rate of the CM was higher than that of the LF, resulted from the solid form of the CM.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2013

The livestock manure is a good source of major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and micronutrient that plants require. As aspect of establishment of nutrient management policy in nation scale, the use of livestock manure for agricultural purpose is a key factor for improving national nutrient balance. In this study, we evaluated the tendency of livestock manure production and amount of chemical fertilizer used in Korea from 1990 to 2011. The number of pig and chicken has been increased about two times in 2011 compared with 1990 and therefore livestock manure continually increased with the lapse of year, but cattle and dairy was not changed significantly. The chemical fertilizer consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare arable land was decreased by 54.6, 66.0 and 63.2% in 2011 compared with 1990, respectively. In contrast, the potential input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to arable land through livestock manure was increased by 220, 210 and 210% during this period, respectively. Therefore we need a reasonable strategy for nutrient management such as combination of both manure and chemical fertilizers in near future.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Large amount of veterinary antibiotics have been used in the livestock industry to prevent diseases and promote growth. These antibiotics are excreted through feces and urine in unchanged form and reach to agricultural fields via application of the livestock manure based composts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of tetracyclines-resistant bacteria in the soil received livestock manure compost for a long term. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tetracyclines (tetracycline TC, chlortetracycline CTC, and oxytetracycline OTC) resistance bacteria in the soil of rice-onion field applied pig manure compost (PM), in the soil of grass-rye field received cow manure compost (CM), and in the soil of rice field applied inorganic fertilizer (NPK) were determined. The soil received livestock manure composts clearly showed higher number of TC, CTC, and OTC resistance bacteria compared with the soil treated with inorganic fertilizer. The antibiotic resistant bacteria recovered appeared at 80 mg/L of tetracyclines was identified 1 specie, 6 genera 7 species, and 6 genera 7species in the soils received CM, PM, and NPK, respectively. The dominant resistant bacteria with the CM and PM application were Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus. CONCLUSION: The application of livestock manure compost in the agricultural field is likely to contribute the occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the agricultural environment.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

The nutrients in livestock manure produced during fermentation processes in public livestock recycling centers are used as fertilizers. However, the large amounts of swine manure produced in intensive livestock farms can be a nonpoint source of pollution. In this experiment, we investigated the chemical properties, inorganic components, and heavy metal contents in 101 samples of liquid swine manure collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. Results showed that the average pH of the samples was alkaline (pH range 5.18 to 9.54), and their maximum EC was $53.2dS\;m^{-1}$. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 1000 - 2000 and $200-800mg\;L^{-1}$ while potassium, which constituted 47% of the total inorganic ions recovered from the liquid swine manure, amounted to $1500mg\;L^{-1}$. The most distinctive heavy metals recovered from the liquid swine manure were copper and zinc although the amounts of both heavy metals were much lesser than those of the standards as livestock liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration. On the other hand, the amount of nitrogen decreased rapidly with an increasing fermentation period from immature to mature, assumed to be lost as volatile compounds, such as ammonia, which are the major odor components during the fermentation process.