• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of giant embryonic rice, which has over two times of embryo size compared the normal rice, on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were fed four kinds of experimental diets com starch diet as a control (C-D), a polished rice diet (R-D), a brown rice diet (BR-D) and a giant embryonic rice diet (GER-D) respectively, for 6 weeks. Diet intake body weight, organ weights and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was significant difference in diet intake and body weight among experimental groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride and total serum cholesterol of BR-D and GER-D groups were lower than those of others. The total hepatic cholesterol level was the lowest in GER-D group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of BR-D and GER-D groups were higher than those of C-D and R-D groups. These results suggested the giant embryonic rice diets can effectively reduce serum triglyceride level and total hepatic cholesterol level in insulin dependent diabetic rats, and hypolipidemic effects be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6581-6589
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• 2015

Background: Previously, stingless bee (Trigona spp.) products from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were successfully screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer derived cell lines. It was established that propolis from T. incisa presented the highest in vitro cytotoxicity against the SW620 colon cancer cell line (6% cell survival in $20{\mu}g/mL$). Materials and Methods: Propolis from T. incisa was extracted with methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the MTT assay against human colon (SW620), liver (Hep-G2), gastric (KATO-III), lung (Chago) and breast (BT474) cancer derived cell lines. The active fractions were further enriched by silica gel quick column, absorption and size exclusion chromatography. The purity of each fraction was checked by thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity in BT-474 cells induced by cardanol compared to doxorubicin were evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide and annexin-V stained cells. Results: A cardol isomer was found to be the major compound in one active fraction (F45) of T. incisa propolis, with a cytotoxicity against the SW620 ($IC_{50}$ of $4.51{\pm}0.76{\mu}g/mL$), KATO-III (IC50 of $6.06{\pm}0.39{\mu}g/mL$), Hep-G2 ($IC_{50}$ of $0.71{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/mL$), Chago I ($IC_{50}$ of $0.81{\pm}0.18{\mu}g/mL$) and BT474 (IC50 of $4.28{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mL$) cell lines. Early apoptosis (programmed cell death) of SW620 cells was induced by the cardol containing F45 fraction at the $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{80}$ concentrations, respectively, within 2-6 h of incubation. In addition, the F45 fraction induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Conclusions: Indonesian stingless bee (T. incisa) propolis had moderately potent in vitro anticancer activity on human cancer derived cell lines. Cardol or 5-pentadecyl resorcinol was identified as a major active compound and induced apoptosis in SW620 cells in an early period (${\leq}6h$) and cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Thus, cardol is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4791-4794
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Javanica oil emulsion injection (Yadanzi$^{(R)}$) combined with pemetrexed and platinum (PP) for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients and Methods: From June 2011 to June 2013, we recruited 58 patients with advanced lung cancer, and divided them into two groups. Twenty eight patients received Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ (from ZheJiang Jiuxu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) together with PP chemotherapy (combined group), while the others were given only PP chemotherapy (control group). After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated. Results: The overall respnse rate [(CR+PR+SD)/(CR+PR+SD+PD)] of the combined group was higher than that of control group (89.7% vs. 86.2%, p>0.05). Regarding rate of life improvement, it was 82.8% in combined group, and 51.7% in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of side effects, leukopenia in combined group was less frequent than that in control group (p<0.05). More patients in the control group were found to suffer liver toxicity. Conclusions: Javanica oil emulsion injection combined with chemotherapy could be considered as a safe and effective regimen in treating patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It can improve the quality of life and reduce the possibility of leukopenia. Further clinical trials with a large sample size should be conducted to confirm whether addition of Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ to chemotherapy could increase the response rate, reduce toxicity, enhance tolerability and improve quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan2(GGH(2)) on body weight and examined whether blood triglyceride levels and visceral fat are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(2)-1, GGH(2)-2 and GGH(2)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(2) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : 1. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(2)-3. 2. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio, the magnitude of which was prominent in GGH(2)-3. 3. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower blood plasma triglyceride level. 4. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by GGH(2), indicating GGH(2) do not show any toxic effects. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(2), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(2) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(2). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that GGH(2) effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood plasma triglyceride level and improves abdominal fat.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1999

A 4-year old Korean-native cow of third parturition delivered an deformed calf with congenital anasarca and hypoplasia of the extremity at Muan County in Chonnam Province. At parturition, the dam showed amniotic fluid approximately two times more than that at the normal and also occurred severe dystocia. The anomaly died before parturition was 82 cm long and weighed 25 kg. It was difficult to recognize the neck and face of the anomaly due to severe edema and the stretched tongue through mouth was found. The shape of the extremity was recognizable and the systemic hypoplasia of the body with marked edema was found. At necropsy, there was a large amount of serous fluid both in pleural and peritoneal cavity. Also the fluid was contained some of yellowish granular materials and diffusely was fulfilled in all subcutaneous tissue. There was a partial opening in diaphragm which was resulted in the protrusion of approximately half of liver toward peritoneal cavity. There were two kidneys (15${\times}$21 and 13${\times}$18 cm) on the left which were enlarged and relatively larger than the right one (13${\times}$9 cm). In addition, there were found slight to moderate hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with slight congestion, and diffuse edema of intestinal serosa. Lung (32${\times}$49 mm) with marked hypoplasia was smaller than the size of heart (56${\times}$45mm). Serological test to the dam showed relatively high antibody titer (＞64) to Akabane virus which might be involved in the outbreak of the deformed Korean-native calf as one of many causative agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the generating characteristics of VOCs and the exposure effect to chemicals among laundry workers and to identify the current status of occupational safety and health through health check-ups. Methods: During the six-month period from April to September 2015, this study quantitatively measured seven VOCs in ten laundries and carried out health examinations on 35 workers. Results: Comparing the monitoring results for the ten laundries, they were classified into three groups by ventilation system, dry-cleaning and size of shop. The average concentration of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 23.9, 15.6, 5.5, 2.8, 0.9, 0.3 and $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. During dry-cleaning, VOC concentrations were 1.3-8.9 times higher than usual. On the other hand, at night the concentrations of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 64.3, 41.5, 12.2, 6.3, 1.1, 1.2 and $6.6{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The health checkup results for the 35 workers showed that 13 workers were diagnosed as normal, while 22 workers were diagnosed as requiring continuous monitoring or re-checkup of liver and hematogenous functions. Conclusions: Although the results of exposure evaluation to VOCs did not exceed reference value and items had a low correlation with health checkup items, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality due to VOC volatilization from clothes.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.53-68
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Sopungsungj-won(Shufengshunqjvuan) (SSEx1, SSEx2) on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Methods: 8 weeks old, high fat diet induced obese male mice were divided into 4 groups: C57BL/6 lean control, obese vehicle control, SSEx1, SSEx2. After mice were treated with SSExl, SSEx2 for 12 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin, insulin, glucose and lipid levels. We also observe the morphology and count for the numbers of Adipocyte and evaluate the weight of organs and it's function. Results: 1. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 gained significantly lower body weight and showed lower Feeding Efficiency Ratio. 2. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 showed lower weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. SSEx2 showed higher weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. 3. Compared to Obese Control Group, the size of adipocytes was significantly decreased by SSEx1, whereas the number of adipocites per unit was significantly increased. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased significantly by SSEx1. 4. Concerning the weights of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Kidney and Pancreas, SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little differences with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 5. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEX1, SSEx2 showed lower level of plasma triglyceride, but SSEx1 had significance only. SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little lower level of plasma HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, but had no significances. 6. Concerning the levels of plasma glucose, insulin and leptin, SSEx1 and SSEx2 showed littele changes with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 7. The leves of Plasma AST, AST, ALT, free fatty acid, BUN, creatinine were in the physiological range at 4 groups all: Lean Control, Obese Control, SSEx1, SSEx2. Conclusions : These results showed SSEx1 can be used as therapeutic agent for Obesity and metabolic syndrome caused by long-period high fat diet.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

Both of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) can cause mild to severe diease in poultry. In this study, clinical signs, macro, and micro lesions were studied. Eighteen six-week-old SPF chicks were divided into 4 groups (E1, E2, E3 and C1) and housed in different rooms of the isolation facility at CAVAC (Daejeon, Korea). The control group (C1) of 3 chicks was housed separately as uninoculated. Experimental groups (E1, E2 and E3) challenged with H9N2 and/or NDV. E1 group was challenged with 0.1 mL A/Kr/Ck/01310/01 (H9N2) $10^{5.6}$ $EID_{50}$ by intranasal, E2 group was challenged with 0.5 mL Kyojeongwon (KJW) $10^{5.0}{\sim}10^{6.0}$ $ELD_{50}$ by intramuscular, and E3 group was challenged with 0.1 mL A/Kr/Ck/01310/01 $10^{5.6}$ $EID_{50}$ by intranasal and 0.5 mL KJW $10^{5.0}{\sim}10^{6.0}$ $ELD_{50}$ by intramuscular 7 days after H9N2 challenge. In clinical signs and gross findings, E1 group showed 0% mortality, anorexia, and hemorrhage of proventriculus and thymus, E2 group showed 100% mortality within 3~5 days after challenge, anorexia, green diarrhea, hemorrhage of proventriculus, proximal esophagus and thymus, enlargement of kidney, and bronze liver, and E3 group showed 100% mortality within 24~36 hours after NDV challenge, depression, anorexia, green diarrhea, hemorrhage of proventriculus, spleen, and lung, enlargement of kidney, and reduction of thymus size and number. In histopathological examination, E1 group showed depletion and necrosis in bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, and E2 and E3 group showed severe lymphocyte depletion and necrosis with destruction of lymphoid organ structures. In conclusion, co-infection of H9N2 with ND virus causes acute disease with high mortality than single infection and the pathologic lesions were more severe.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1847-1850
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• 2009

Bovine tuberculosis is generally detected postmortem because it is a chronic debilitating disease. Since tuberculosis is mainly found in the lungs, clinical signs including coughing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing can occur in severe instances. In the present study, specimens were collected from the heart, liver, kidney, lung, pleural cavities, lymph nodes and intestines of carcasses found in an abattoir. According to post-mortem examination and inspection of carcasses, tuberculosis lesions were varied in appearance and size. Tubercles of a white cream color were disseminated throughout the pleural cavity including the lymph nodes, lungs and mesentery containing pus. Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen's acid-fast staining for the lung and lymph nodes revealed a highly positive histochemical reaction. The acid-fast organisms were observed histologically in the lesions under a microscope. This report demonstrated the histopathology of bovine tuberculosis based on the histological findings of Mycobacterium bovis, which is a suspected causative agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1681-1684
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• 2005

Gastric cancer is the most common disease which is the highest genetic rate, chemotherapy is the only known way to treat, especially advanced gastric cancer. Although, it is the remedy, the harmful side-effects are an obstacle of the sustaining treatment and negative effect on immunologic ability of patients prologed. Consequently, it is surely necessary that effective control for sequele of anti-cancer treatment, and remedy which can improve the quality of patients life. 1, the writer, medicate patients, diagnose as gastric cancer in 4th stage, with Sohap-hyangwon and Chungwoolhyadamjen who complained of pain in sequele of anti-cancer treatment. The size of the metastastic liver tumor is decreasing in patients and the immunologic abilities are maintaining stable. This clinical cases are shown that the oriental medical care in long-term can improve the quality of life of the patients who has sequele of anti-cancer treatment.