• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Sopungsungj-won(Shufengshunqjvuan) (SSEx1, SSEx2) on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Methods: 8 weeks old, high fat diet induced obese male mice were divided into 4 groups: C57BL/6 lean control, obese vehicle control, SSEx1, SSEx2. After mice were treated with SSExl, SSEx2 for 12 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin, insulin, glucose and lipid levels. We also observe the morphology and count for the numbers of Adipocyte and evaluate the weight of organs and it's function. Results: 1. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 gained significantly lower body weight and showed lower Feeding Efficiency Ratio. 2. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 showed lower weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. SSEx2 showed higher weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. 3. Compared to Obese Control Group, the size of adipocytes was significantly decreased by SSEx1, whereas the number of adipocites per unit was significantly increased. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased significantly by SSEx1. 4. Concerning the weights of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Kidney and Pancreas, SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little differences with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 5. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEX1, SSEx2 showed lower level of plasma triglyceride, but SSEx1 had significance only. SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little lower level of plasma HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, but had no significances. 6. Concerning the levels of plasma glucose, insulin and leptin, SSEx1 and SSEx2 showed littele changes with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 7. The leves of Plasma AST, AST, ALT, free fatty acid, BUN, creatinine were in the physiological range at 4 groups all: Lean Control, Obese Control, SSEx1, SSEx2. Conclusions : These results showed SSEx1 can be used as therapeutic agent for Obesity and metabolic syndrome caused by long-period high fat diet.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objectives: The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}2\;(PPAR{\gamma}2)$ Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this polymorphism on computed tomography (CT)-measured body fat distribution and other obesity-related parameters in Korean female subjects. Methods & Results: The frequencies of $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. The frequency of the A allele was 0.035. Body weight (P .012), BMI (P .012), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P .001) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. When body composition was analyzed by bioimpedance analysis, lean body mass and body water content were similar between the 2 groups. However, body fat mass (P .003) and body fat percent (P .025) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. Among overweight subjects with BMI of greater than 25, PA/AA was associated with significantly higher abdominal subcutaneous fat (P .000), abdominal visceral fat (P .031), and subcutaneous upper and lower thigh adipose tissue (P .010 and .013). However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype was found. Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the $PPAR{\gamma}2$ PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1996

DWP305, a preparation containing combination of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), silymarin and vitamins ($B_1\;and\;B_2$), is a drug currently being developed for hep atic disorders. In order to evaluate the changes in hepatic function by multiple oral administration(2 and 4 weeks) of DWP305 in rats, several biochemical parameters in blood, bile acid composition, and the accumulation of UDCA and lithocholic acid(LCA),a toxic metabolite formed by enterobacteria, were examined using HPLC. In blood biochemical findings, DWP305 did not affect the normal level and there was no difference in total bile acid composition for UDCA, cholic acid(CA), deoxycholic acid(DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) and LCA compared to the UDCA administered group, although total ratio of UDCA and CA was different from normal group. In case of ratio of taurine and glycine conjugated forms, DWP305(186mg/kg as a UDCA) administered group was also similar to normal group and UDCA administered group, while high dosing of DWP305 was not different in the ratio of UDCA administered group(930mg/kg) but normal group. And the ratio of LCA was in order of UDCA(930mg/kg), DWP305(930mg/kg as a UDCA), UDCA(186mg/kg) and DWP305(186mg/kg as a UDCA) administered group, which was less than 4%. The free form of UDCA as well as most of bile acids was not detected at all in rat liver, indicating that there's no accumulation. These results suggest that multiple dosing of DWP305 in rats may not affect hepatic biotransformation and metabolism of bile acids.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2006

현재, 유전자의 in vivo 기능을 연구하기 위해 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 transgenic mice를 생산하기 위한 기본적으로 이용되고 있는 방법이 one cell-stage embryo에 pronuclear microinjection (PMI)이다. 그러나, 이 PMI 후에 one cell-stage embryo들의 생존율은 현저히 감소 (65.4%)할 뿐만 아니라 PMI 후의 embryo의 출생률(26.4%)이 PMI 처리를 하지 않은 것 (41.9%) 보다 현저히 낮다. 더욱이, PMI 방법에 의해 태어난 transgenic founder들의 간 조직에 병리학적 변화가 14.8% 정도에 대해서 같은 한배의 새끼 non-transgenic founder들의 경우도 간 조직에 병리학적 변화가 14.3%로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 이 PMI 방법에 의한 염색체에 물리적 손상은 형질전환 마우스의 생산 및 표현형에 영향을 미치는 잠재적 요소로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2021

미세 플라스틱은 입자의 크기가 5 mm 이하인 플라스틱 조각을 말하며 미세 플라스틱의 오염은 해양 생태계와 인간의 건강과 관련되어 전 세계적인 관심사이다. 광범위하게 오염되어 있는 관계로, 미세 플라스틱은 물고기, 담치, 굴, 조개, 가리비와 같이 다양한 동물에 섭취되어 체내에 축적된다. 게다가, 섭취된 미세 플라스틱은 소장, 간, 신장 그리고 심지어 뇌에서도 높은 농도로 관찰된다. 해산물은 인간에게 있어 주요 단백질 공급원 중 하나이므로, 해산물의 소비는 인간이 미세 플라스틱에 노출되는 경로가 될 수 있다. 많은 근거들은 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 반복적인 경구 투여가 생식, 심장, 소화기, 내분비 그리고 심지어 신경계에서 병리적, 기능적 변화를 유도함을 가리킨다. 더욱이, 임신기와 수유기 동안 모체가 미세 플라스틱에 노출되면 새끼에서 대사의 항상성에 변화가 일어난다. 해산물은 세계적으로 3억 1천만 명 이상의 사람들에게 20% 이상의 단백질 공급원이라는 사실을 고려할 때, 미세 플라스틱은 인간의 몸에 축적되어 생리적 기능에 장애를 유발할 수 있다고 가정하는 것이 타당하다. 본 리뷰에서 우리는 해양에서 미세 플라스틱 오염의 현재 실태와 해양 동물 및 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 축적과 독성, 그리고 인간에게의 노출과 인간 건강에 미치는 잠재적인 영향에 대해 요약하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.620-631
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• 2024

골수독성은 항암제에 의한 화학요법이나 벤젠 등의 화학물질에 노출되어 발생하는 부작용이다. 골수독성이 발생하면 백혈구 수가 감소하여 면역기능이 저하되고 감염이나 종양발생 위험이 높아진다. 당귀 추출물(Angelica gigas Nakail extract, AGNEX)과 커피 생두 추출물(green coffee bean, GCBE)은 면역기능에 대한 효과뿐만 아니라 항암, 항산화 등의 많은 효과가 있다. 본 실험에서는 벤젠으로 유도된 골수독성에 대해 AGNEX와 GCBE의 예방 효과를 Sprague Dawley rats (SD rat) in vivo실험에서 확인하였다. SD rat (6주, N=9/group)에 2일 1회 benzene (1 ml/kg에 corn oil 1:1 혼합)을 복강 내 투여 하였으며 AGNEX (12 mg/kg)와 GCBE (6, 12, 24 mg/kg)는 35일 동안 매일 경구 투여 하였다. 예방 효과를 보기 위해 AGNEX (12 mg/kg)와 GCBE (6, 12, 24 mg/kg)를 benzen 투여 전에 경구 투여 하였으며 그 결과, AGNEX 12 mg/kg과 GCBE 12 mg/kg은 백혈구, 림프구 및 과립구 감소에 대한 예방 효과를 입증했다. 또한, 비장, 간 체중 변화와 비장 손상에서도 특이적으로 보호되었다. 이러한 보호 효과를 통해 AGNEX와 GCBE는 면역 기능을 향상시켜 골수 독성을 예방할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.308-318
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• 1997

The present experiment was performed in order to know the treatment effect of aquapuncture with hepatonics on recovery in artificially induced hepatic damaged dogs by carbon tetrachloride. The animals were divided into a control and two experimental groups (aquapuncture with taurine into Gan-su acupoint: Aa-I group and aquapuncture with taurine into blank acupoint in the thigh: Aa-II group). The changes of serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST and ALP), serum total protein contents, protein fractions and pathohistological findings of the liver were examined after application of aquapunctiuf treauent The results obtained through this experiment were summarized as follows : The serum ALT activities tendeded to decrease in experimental group compared with those of control group. Significances were detected at 5th (p<0.05) and 7th (p<0.05) day in Aa-I group and 7th day (p<0.05) in Aa-II group, respectively. Low value was fecund in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II groups but significance was not observed between two experimental groups. The serum AST activities in experimental group showed decreasing tendency compared with those of control group. Significances were observed at 2nd (p<0.05) and 5th (p<0.05) day in Aa-I group and 2nd (p<0.05) day in Aa-II groups respectively. Aa-I group showed lower values than those of Aa-II groups however, no significance was detected between experimental groups. The serum ALP activities of experimental group showed a slight decrease compared with those of control group, however, significance was not detected among all groups. The serum total protein content in experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control group. Significance was found at 2nd day (p<0.05) in Aa-I group, but there was no significance in Aa-II group. Further significant increase of total protein content was seen at 1st day (p<0.05) in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II group. The change of serum albumin content in experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control. Significant increases were detected at 1st (p<0.01) and 2nd (p<0.01) day in Aa-I group, respectively. Aa-II group showed increase compared with control groups but significance was not observed. Further significant increase was at 1st day (p <0.05) in Aa-I group compared with Aa-II group. The change of ${\beta} $-globulin in Aa-I group was slightly decreased compared with control group. Aa-II group was similar to controls but significance was not observed among all groups. The change of P-globulin content in Aa-I group showed tendency of increase compared with control and Aa-II group showed the tendency of decrease compared with control. The change of ${\gamma}$-globulin content experimental group showed tendency of increase compared with control, however, significance was not detected among groups. The change of A/G ratio in Aa-I group showed tendency of increase compared with control group and Aa-II group was similar to controls but no significance was found among groups. As for pathohistological observations the grade of hepatocellular vacuolized degeneration and necrosis in Aa-I group was milder than those of control and Aa-II groups and the change of Aa-II group was similar to that of control. Considering above finding collectively, it was thought that aquapuncture of Gan-su acupoint with hepatonics was more effective than aquapuncture of blank acupoint for the recovery of hepatic damage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.668-672
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• 2001

흰쥐에 있어서 구기자 추출물 첨가식이가 간조직의 유해산소대사기구와 알콜대사에 어떠한 효과가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 구기자 알콜 추출물을 사료에 2%, 4%를 첨가시켜 1개월간 사육한 후 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 구기자 추출물 첨가식이로 성장하는 동안 체중증가율은 대조군보다 오히려 약간 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 간기능은 대조군과 별다른 차이가 없었다. 간조직의 xanthine oxidase 활성은 구기자 첨가식이군과 대조군간에는 별다를 차이를 볼 수 없었으며 cytochrome P450 함량은 2%및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 간조직의 catalase 활성은 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군 모두 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.05) 증가를 보였으나 두 실험군 간에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 또한 superoxide dismutase 활성은 2% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.05) 증가를 보였으며, 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군은 대조군과는 별다른 차이가 없었으나 2% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군에 비해서는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 glutathine 함량, glutathione-S-transferase 활성은 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군과 대조군 간에는 별다른 차이를 볼수 없었다. 한편 간조직의 alcohol dehydrogenase 활성은 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군 모두 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.001) 증가를 보였다. 그리고 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군과 대조군의 Km치는 980mM로 동일한 값을 나타내었으나, Vmax치는 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 각각 71%(660 nmole)및 40%(526nmole)로 증가하였다. 이상 실험결과는 식이중 구기자 알콜 추출물 첨가는 유해산소 및 알콜의 해독효과를 나타냄을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.269-303
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• 2000

The xin(心) has various meanings in ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ but they sometimes contradict each other. This thesis divided the xin into the meaning and the Zang-xiang(藏象), and then analyzed the xin's notion in detail. The concept of the xin in ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ is sorted out into : the notion of space, yin-yang five elements(陰陽五行) and shen(神) The xin is the upper part of body and it possesses the character of yang(陽). So the concept of the breast has originated from this character and it rightly belonged to the top. The xin is assigned to fire among five elements, 'chang(長)', which has the energy of moving forward, noon at a day when yang-qi(陽氣) is properous and shows 'gu(鉤)' & 'keo(矩)' in pulse condition. The xin possesses the character, 'Taiyang of the yang(陽中之太陽)' along with the notion of space combined with five elements. That is, the notion of upper space means 'of the yang(陽中)', and, fire in five elements means 'yang'. This is similar to '=(Taiyang)' of Sasang(四象) at ${\ll}$the Book of Changes(周易)${\gg}$ Since the xin puts shen(神) in order, actions of spirit have effect on the xin. And it depends whether the sense of vitality is broad or narrow. The xin related with broad sense of spirit is 'monarch of the organs(君主之官)'. Therefore it has control over the human body. As it also directly effects the life or death, Pericardium(心句) substitutes the xin and protects the external invasion. In Shi-er-won(十二原) and Bonsu(本輸), instead of the Xin Channel the Pericardium Channel was used in healing patients. The xin can be interpretable as the mind, because the xin includes spirit. The mind can be distinguished into 'desire' and 'state of profound reason'. In ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)${\gg}$, the disease of the xin caused by emotion was mentioned many times. This emotion is 'desire' which resorted to the sentiment. The reason one mind has both character is; man preserves given principle (reason) and emotion reveals via the reason exercised. The above is about the xin related with the broad sense of vitality. Concerning the narrow sense of vitality, one of the five vitalities is stored with the others away in the five solid organs. Then it takes part in the operation of five body constituents and it is linked with the personified description of five solid organs. The xin, spleen, stomach and kidney are 'the ground of life'. Spleen and stomach are the origin of making qi and blood, which 'means the ground after birth'. Kidney keeps the essence of life, and manages the growing and generative function of human body. The xin keeps 'Shin-myung(神明)', in other words, it has control over and supervise whole activity of body. Therefore xin's role is needed for the appropriate working of spleen, stomach and kidney. And 'Shin-myung' is its motive power. In ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$, the reason why xin was assigned to September and October is that yang-qi of the human body goes to the inner part, with xin at the same time. This explains that yang-qi of the human body is adapted to change of season and goes into xin-fire(心火) in order to get away from the cold. In this case, heart means more inner part than liver, spleen and lung. Mengzi(孟子), philosopher of the China's turbulent ages emphasized the thinking function of xin. Sunzi(荀子) asserted that xin is 'heaven monarch(天君)' and the other organs are 'heaven rninisters(天官)'. This conception is similar to 'monarch of the organs' of ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$. After the Ming Dynasty, commentators of Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) explained the heart, as 'monarch of the organs', or 'the master of body(一身之主)'. This was due to the influence of Sung Confucianism.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1999

배경: 흉부대동맥 수술에 사용하는 헤파린 우회도관의 국산화를 위해, 헤파린 표면처리기법 중 물리분산법을 이용하여 제작한 우회도관의 동물실험을 통해 혈전저항성 및 안정성을 증명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 성견 21마리(17.5∼25 kg)를 대상으로 하행흉부대동맥 우회모델을 만들었다. 사용한 우회도관의 종류에 따라 무처리 우회도관군(CONTROL; n=3), 무처리 우회도관 및 전신 헤파린 처치군(HEPARIN; n=6), Gott 헤파린 우회도관군(GOTT; n=6), 국산 헤파린 우회도관군(KIST; n=6)로 분류하였다. 관찰지표는 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 신장 및 간기능검사, 표면전자현미경 소견 등이었다. 각 지표는 우회도관의 원위부 대동맥 혈액에서 검사하여 우회 전과 우회 후 2시간 째의 군내 변화와군간 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 관찰지표의 우회 전 기초치는 군간에 차이가 없었다. 말초혈액검사 중 혈소판치는 HEPARIN군과 GOTT군에서 유의하게 높아졌으나(p<0.05) 군간 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 기타 혈구세포의 변화는 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. Activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time은 HEPARIN군에서 현저히 증가하였고(p<0.05) 군간차이도 유의하였다(p<0.005). Prothrombin time은 GOTT군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Fibrinogen은 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. Antithrombin III는 HEPARIN군과 KIST군에서 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.05) 군간차이도 유의하였다(p<0.05). Protein C는 HEPARIN군에서 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Blood urea nitrogen은 HEPARIN군과 KIST군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.05) 군간차이는 없었다. Creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase는 각 군에서 군내변화와 군간차이가 유의하지 않았다. 표면전자현미경 소견에서 혈소판 및 혈구세포 응집정도는 CONTROL군이 가장 심했고, HEPARIN군은 GOTT군이나 KIST군에 비해 많았다. 결론: 이상의 결과에서 전신 헤파린 처치(HEPARIN)는 출혈경향을 증가시키면서 이물질 표면의 응고반응을 효과적으로 차단하지 못하는 반면, 헤파린 표면처리된 우회도관(GOTT & KIST)의 경우는 출혈경향 없이 표면의 응고반응을 충분히 억제하였다. 또한 국산(KIST) 헤파린 우회도관은 상용화된 외국산(GOTT)과 동등한 항혈전 성능을 보였다.