• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2015

장수풍뎅이 유충은 간질환을 치료하기 위한 민간요법으로 전통적으로 많이 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 유충 분말의 간 보호 효능과 간암억제 효능을 검증하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 장수풍뎅이 유충의 간 보호 효과를 확인하고자, 간 독성 물질인 diethylnitrosamine (DEN)을 C3H/HeN 수컷 쥐에 복강 주사하여 간 독성 실험쥐 모델을 제작하였다. DEN으로 처리된 쥐에서는 혈중 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 농도, TUNEL positive 간세포의 숫자, 간 손상으로 인해 형성되는 duct의 개수, 간세포에서의 지방축적, Masson’s trichrome 염색에서 콜라겐 염색 정도 등, 급성 혹은 만성 간 손상과 관련된 지표들이 모두 증가되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만, 장수풍뎅이 유충 동결건조 분말을 함께 경구투여하게 되면, 이와 같은 간 손상의 지표들이 통계적으로 유의미한 수준으로 감소하게 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다음으로 항암활성 유무를 검증하기 위해, 에탄올로 유충분말 추출물을 먼저 확보한 후, solvent partition 방법을 이용하여 에탄올 추출물을 hexane, ethyl acetate, water 분획물로 분리하였다. 이들 분획물들을 여러 종류의 암세포주에 처리하였을 때, ethyl acetate 분획물이 암세포들에 대해서 아포토시스와 세포괴사와 같은 세포죽음을 유도하는 활성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 ethyl acetate분획물은 암세포의 대사를 교란할 수 있었고, 오토파지를 유도할 수 있는 활성을 가지고 있었다. 결론적으로, 장수풍뎅이 유충은 독성물질로부터 간을 보호할 수 있는 성분과 암세포에 대한 세포죽음을 유도할 수 있는 활성을 가지고 있다는것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 향후 분획물들에 대한 추가적인 성분 및 활성 분석 실험으로 약리활성을 가진 물질을 분리할 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

하이아미의 정조와 현미상태에 대해 일품벼를 대조구로 하여 항산화성분의 함량과 에탄올 추출물에 대한 in vitro 항산화활성 및 항암활성을 측정하였다. 하이아미의 정조 및 현미 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 6.31 및 3.75 mg/g으로 나타났으며, 일품은 각각 5.66 및 3.47 mg/g으로 나타나 하이아미가 약간 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 하이아미의 정조와 현미 추출물의 $\gamma$-oryzanol 함량은 각각 33.53 및 39.47 mg/100 g으로 나타났으며, 일품의 경우 각각 24.33 및 28.68 mg/100 g으로 나타나 일품에 비해 하이아미에서 높은 함량을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 하이아미와 일품벼 정조 및 현미의 70% 에탄올 추출물에 대한 DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical 및 hydroxyl radical 소거활성을 5 mg/mL의 농도에서 측정한 결과 하이아미가 일품에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 정조 추출물이 현미 추출물보다 높은 radical 소거활성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 70% 에탄올 추출물에 대한 in vitro 항암활성을 측정한 결과 정조 및 현미 추출물의 억제 활성은 용량 의존적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 하이아미는 위암 및 유방암세포에 높은 활성을 보였으며, 일품은 대장암 및 간암세포에 대해 높은 활성을 보였다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.407-411
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• 2005

KUGI (Korean UniGene Information) database contains the annotation information of the cDNA sequences obtained from the disease samples prevalent in Korean. A total of about 157,000 5'-EST high throughput sequences collected from cDNA libraries of stomach, liver, and some cancer tissues or established cell lines from Korean patients were clustered to about 35,000 contigs. From each cluster a representative clone having the longest high quality sequence or the start codon was selected. We stored the sequences of the representative clones and the clustered contigs in the KUGI database together with their information analyzed by running Blast against RefSeq, human mRNA, and UniGene databases from NCBI. We provide a web-based search engine fur the KUGI database using two types of user interfaces: attribute-based search and similarity search of the sequences. For attribute-based search, we use DBMS technology while we use BLAST that supports various similarity search options. The search system allows not only multiple queries, but also various query types. The results are as follows: 1) information of clones and libraries, 2) accession keys, location on genome, gene ontology, and pathways to public databases, 3) links to external programs, and 4) sequence information of contig and 5'-end of clones. We believe that the KUGI database and search system may provide very useful information that can be used in the study for elucidating the causes of the disease that are prevalent in Korean.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2015

Purpose: Various laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) techniques requiring gastrotomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach have been applied to facilitate tumor resection and preserve the remnant gastric volume. However, there is the possibility of cancer cell dissemination during these procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the oncologic safety of LWR with gastrotomy (LWR-G) compared to LWR without luminal exposure. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathologic and operative results of 193 patients who underwent LWR for gastric GIST were retrospectively analyzed from 2003 to 2013. We stratified the patients into two groups: LWR-G and LWR without gastrotomy (LWR-C). Clinicopathologic features, short-term outcomes, and long-term outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 26 patients underwent LWR-G, and 167 patients underwent LWR-C. The LWR-G group showed significantly more anterior wall-located (n=10, 38.5%), intraluminal (n=20, 76.9%), and ulcerative (n=13, 50.0%) tumors than the LWR-C group (n=33, 19.8%; n=96, 57.5%; n=46, 27.5%, respectively). Postoperative short-term outcomes did not differ between the two groups. When tumor staging was compared, no statistical difference was noted. There was no recurrence in the LWR-G group, while 2 patients in the LWR-C group experienced recurrence. The two recurrences in the LWR-C group were found in the liver and in the remnant stomach at 63 and 12 months after the operation, respectively. No gastric GIST-related death was recorded in any group during the study period. Conclusions: LWR-G for gastric GIST is an oncologically safe procedure even for masses with ulcerations.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.404-414
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• 2015

Taurine is one of the most abundant free ${\beta}$-amino acids in the human body that accounts for 0.1% of the human body weight. It has a sulfonic acid group in place of the more common carboxylic acid group. Mollusks and meat are the major dietary source of taurine, and mother's milks also include high levels of this amino acid. The leukocytes, heart, muscle, retina, kidney, bone, and brain contain more taurine than other organs. Furthermore, taurine can be synthesized in the brain and liver from cysteine. There are no side effects of excessive taurine intake in humans; however, in case of taurine deficiency, retinal abnormalities, reduced plasma taurine concentration, and other abnormalities may occur. Taurine enters the cell via a cell membrane receptor. It is excreted in the urine (approximately 95%) and feces (approximately 5%). Taurine has a number of features and functions, including conjugation with bile acid, reduction of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, promotion of neuron cell differentiation and growth, antioxidant effects, maintenance of cell membrane stability, retinal development, energy generation, depressant effects, regulation of calcium level, muscle contraction and relaxation, bone formation, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer and anti-atherogenic effects, and osmotic pressure control. However, the properties, functions, and effects of taurine require further studies in future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

The aerial part of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura has traditionally been used for inflammation, infectious disease, cancer, pyretic, diuretic, liver protective effect, and choleretic purposes in Korea. We investigated that the essential oil induces apoptosis in KB cell as evidenced by Hoechst-33258 dye staining, flow cytometry (cell cycles), and DNA fragmentation for nuclear condensation and Western blotting for activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In the present study, we found that the essential oil could induce apoptosis in KB cells, as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and PARP cleavage. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed as a dose-dependent. The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. The essential oil also caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. These findings indicate that mitochondrial pathways might be involved in the essential oil-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of the essential oil in herbal medicine.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver worldwide. In-Jin-Ho-Tang(IJHT) has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine since ancient time. and today it is widely applied as a medication for jaundice which is associated with inflammation in liver. In this study, I investigated whether methanol extract of IJHT induced HepG2 cancer cell death. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of IJHT on HepG2 cells was using XTT assay. Apoptosis induction by Ros A in HCT116 cells was verified by the induction of cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. the level of Bcl-2 and Bax and the expression of p53 and p21 were examined by western blotting analysis. Furthermore, MAPKs activation was analyzed by western blotting analysis. Results: IJHT induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. And treatment of IJHT resulted in the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and increased pri-apoptotic Bax expression. IJHT markedly inactivated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Sodium orthovanadate (SOV), a phosphatase inhibitor, to reverse IJHT-induced ERK1/2 inactivation and SB203580, a specific p38 MAP Kinase inhibitor efficiently blocked apoptosis of HepG2. Thus, IJHT induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via MAP kinase modulation. Conclusion: These results indicated that IJHT has some potential for use as an anti-cancer agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2017

Increasing concern is being given to the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA), especially in young-aged population. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated oral treatment of low to high dose BPA in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposing juvenile rats to BPA (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg oral gavage) from post-natal day 9 for 90 days resulted in higher food intakes and increased body weights in biphasic dose-effect relationship. Male mammary glands were atrophied at high dose, which coincided with sexual pre-maturation of females. Notably, proliferative changes with altered cell foci and focal inflammation were observed around bile ducts in the liver of all BPA-dosed groups in males, which achieved statistical significance from 0.5 mg/kg (ANOVA, Dunnett's test, p<0.05). Toxicokinetic analysis revealed that systemic exposure to BPA was greater at early age (e.g., 210-fold in $C_{max}$, and 26-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg in male on day 1 over day 90) and in females (e.g., 4-fold in $C_{max}$ and 1.6-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg vs. male on day 1), which might have stemmed from either age- or gender-dependent differences in metabolic capacity. These results may serve as evidence for the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose BPA, especially in young children, as well as for varying toxicity of xenobiotics in different age and gender groups.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 azoxymethane (AOM)과 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)로 유도된 대장 발암과정에 대한 셀레늄의 방어 효과를 조사하였다. 셀레늄 결핍(0.02 ppm Se), 정상(0.1 ppm Se), 과다(0.5 ppm Se)사료를 12주간 식이로 급여하여 혈액검사와 대장암 발생의 초기단계인 aberrant crypt foci (ACF)수를 측정했으며, 암 발생율을 조사하였다. ICP-AES를 사용하여 간의 셀레늄 농도를 측정하였으며, 또한 셀레늄포함 항산화효소인 glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 활성을 알아보았다. 또한 TUNEL assay와 PCNA, $\beta$-catenin에 대한 면역조직 염색을 수행하였다. ACF 수 및 종양 발생률에 있어서, 셀레늄과다사료를 급여한 군이 정상셀레늄사료를 급여한 군보다 낮았으며, 셀레늄결핍사료를 급여한 군은 오히려 ACF 수 및 종양 발생률이 높았다. GPx 활성은 셀레늄의 섭취가 과다한 군에서 높게 나타났으며, 이 때, TUNEL에서 apoptotic positive cell이 증가하는 것을 확인했다. 또한 셀레늄의 섭취가 과다한 군에서 PCNA와 $\beta$-catenin의 발현이 감소됨을 볼 수 있었다. 본 마우스 모델실험에서 셀레늄은 여러 기전에 의해 대장암 발생을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 제22차 학술발표회
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• pp.22-39
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• 2003

Biological activity of phenolic compounds in seeds and leaves of safflower (Carthamu tinctorius L.) were evaluated using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Six phenolic constituents were isolated from the seeds and identified as N-feruloylserotonia, N- (p-coumaroyl)serotonin, matairesinol, 8′-hydroxyarctigenin, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (tilianine) and acacetin. Six phenolic compounds exhibited considerable antioxidative activity, and especially two serotonins showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and antiperoxidative activity against rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical generated via a Fenton-type reaction. Additionally, six phenolic compounds possessed comparable cytotoxicity against three cancer cells, Hela cell, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell, and particularly acacetin and its glycosides had the most potent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we found that feeding safflower seeds attenuated bone loss, and lowered levels of plasma and liver lipids in ovariectomized rats. Serotonins, lignans and flavones stimulated proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner (10$^{-15}$ ~10$^{-6}$ M), as potently as E$_2$ (17$\beta$-estradiol). Particularly, serotonins were mainly responsible for bone-protecting and lipid lowering effects in ovariectomized rats. Meanwhile, eight flavonoids, including a novel quercetin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and seven kown flavonoids, luteolin quercetin, luteolin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-gluco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside were first isolated and identified from safflower leaf. Among these flavonoids, luteolin-acetyl-glucoside and $\beta$quercetin- acetyl-glucoside showed potent antioxidative activities against 2-deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Luteolin, quercetin and their corresponding glycosides also exhibited strong antioxidative activity, while acacetin glucuronide and apigenin-6, 8-di-C-glucoside were relatively less active. Finally, changes in phenolic compositions were also determined by HPLC in the safflower seed and leaf during growth stages and roasting process to produce standardized supplement powerds. These results suggest that phenolic compounds in the roasted safflower seed and leaf may be useful as potential sources of therapeutic agents against several pathological disorders such as carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.