• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2017

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin in $17^{th}$ century is one of the most widely adopted acupuncture techniques used by Korean medical doctors in clinic. Our study aimed to analyze the application of the Saam acupuncture method to pain diseases based on the literature data. Methods : Based on the contents described in "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Saam's acupuncture method", the texts related to pain condition were analyzed. The frequency of prescription of Saam acupuncture method was analyzed, and then the relationships between each acupoint were visualized by network analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis for the quantitative aspect. Results and conclusions: In our study, Lung tonifying and Liver tonifying acupuncture were the most frequently used method for the treatment of pain disease. As the acupoints, BL66 and SI5 were used the most frequently. It was found that visceral pattern identification was considered as the most important factor in the selection of the Saam acupuncture method. Network analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that each acupoint was closely related to other acupoints, and most of them were connected more closely according to the method of Saam acupuncture operation. The experiential prescriptions of Saam acupuncture were classified as an independent group. In the future, fundamental research on the principle of Saam acupuncture method is needed for the various diseases, and research for the clinical efficacy and the mechanism of Saam acupuncture method should be preceded.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2006

A study is made on the chest pain in the perspective of Hyungsang medicine. The following are the conclusions produced by the examination on the clinical cases of chest pain. Excessive atmospheric influences (wind, rain, cold and summer heat) are the exogenous causes of chest pain. The endogenous causes are diet, dwelling, sexual life and emotions. Persons of bird type are attacked by the chest pain because of emotional depressions. Those of running animal type get sick of chest pain when wood checks earth. Those of turtle type are a afflicted with chest pain due to depression and stagnation of Ki. Those of fish type suffer from chest pain when the ministerial fire of the liver and kidney becomes hyperactive. Chest pain is causes by leakage of Jung for the Jung kwa person, by stagnation of Ki for the Ki kwa person, by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yim for the Shin kwa person and Dy failure of water and fire in complementing each other for the Hyul kwa person. Chest pain often occurs to persons with the following characteristics upward nose, Dig eyes, chapped lips, pronounced foot of nose, red or yellow complexion, frowning face and wrinkles on the nasal radix. Among the six meridian types, chest pain is often found in the persons of Yangmyung and Taeum meridians. Women suffer from chest pain more often than men because breast is a center of life to her.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives : Provides research basis on steaming processing method (SPM) as described in literatures 'Roegongpojaron', 'Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam'. Methods : The following issues were considered for current investigation regarding herbal drugs: (i) categorizing SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing periods, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) herbal efficacy, (vii) intrinsic properties and tastes of the herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Result : The number of herbal drugs was 70 species from 'Roegongpojaron', 73 from 'Pojadaebub', and 66 from 'Susajinam'. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol, honey and tofu. The herbal parts of the roots, stem, fruit, and seed were most widely used. Based on herbal efficacy, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most, and a drug eliminating heat followed next. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used. In considering five tastes, herbs showing bitter and sweet tastes were used most. In considering meridian tropism, herbs converging to liver and kidneys were used, and drugs converging to 'Samcho, and gallbladder were not used. Conclusion : The present survey on SPM as described in 'Roegongpojaron', Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam' indicates that there is a principal specialty on the use of supporting materials, steaming periods, steaming parts and efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

After translating the contents of "Treatise on Bundon Disease in Chapter 8 of the Essence of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" and it was compared with the contents of "The Lecture of Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" and speculated to review the characteristics of the comments of Ui(尤怡) and the following conclusions were made. As the causes of bundon(奔豚) disease, which means gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat, they could be categorized into the cases belongs to miscellaneous diseases (雜病) and into the cases of suffering from cold diseases(傷寒). If it was diagnosed as miscellaneous disease, terror and fear(驚恐) could be regarded as its cause and if it was diagnosed as cold disease, insufficiency of heart Gi(心氣) due to the excessive sweating and the invasion of exterior coldness could be regarded as its cause. As the pathogenesis of this disease, the pathogenic factors of liver and kidney could be found. Since the liver and Soyang meridian(少陽經) are subjected to the exterior and interior relation in case of the pathogenic factor of liver, alternate attacks of chills and fever(寒熱往來) could be characteristic for the disease. If this disease was caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, there are two cases. One is the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸) developed by the lack of heart Gi(心氣) and the other is gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat which could be developed by the exterior cold disease which invade into the interior and reach into the kidney when the heart Gi(心氣) was insufficient. In its treatment, bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of liver could be treated with Bundontang(奔豚湯), and the understanding of Ui(尤怡) on Pinellia ternata Breitenbach(半夏) having the effect of perspiration in the prescription is quite unique concept. In case of bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, treatment is focused to treat exterior coldness by applying moxibustion(灸) and Gyejigagyetang(桂技加桂湯), and in case of the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸), its pathogenic factor of kidney is controlled with Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技), Polia cocos Walf and the spleen Gi(脾氣) is cared by using Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer et. De Candolle(甘草) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill(大棗). Especially, Ui(尤怡) emphasized Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技) as the medication to treat the pathogenic factor of kidney.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Hemifacial spasm including blepharospasm is characterized by spontaneous clonic an d tonic muscle spasm on one side of the face with synkinesis. Though the etiology of hemifacial spasm is not entirely understood, generally there are two. One is nuclear hypothesis and the other is peripheral hypothesis. There are two ways of treatment of hemifacial spasm. One is internal medicine and the other is operative method. In oriental medicine, hemifacial spasm is very similar to diseases such as Anpojindo (眼胞振跳), Poryunjindo(胞輪振跳), or Aunido(眼眉跳) in symptoms. The diseases such as Anpojindo(眼胞振跳), Poryunjindo(胞輪振跳), Anmido(眼眉跳) is related to the function of liver(肝) and risk factors are regarded as Pung(風). The acupuncture therapy of hemifacial spasm is based on Liver meridian(LV), Gallbladder meridian(GB). And ear-acupuncture is recommended as a good method for hemifacial spasm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-153
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture (Atratylodes japonica Koizumi and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Sham), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group (AJ), high fat diet and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(CL), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica+Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(AJ+CL). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 132.5mg/kg body weight per day. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. Feed intake was decreased in AJ, CL. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in AJ, CL. The level of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, free fatty acid were increased in AJ. The level of serum AST was decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALT was decreased in AJ, CL, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALP was decreased in AJ+CL. The HDL to Total cholesterol ratio was increased in AJ. Conclusions : Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 can control the body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, HDL-cholesterol and herbal acupuncture combined Atractylodes japonica with Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf is effective on Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, protection of liver function and prevention cardiovascular risk by obesity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-91
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• 2002

The lipid lowering and antioxidant effects of Gansoo(BL18), Pungji(GB20) and Eumnungcheun(SP9) acupuncture in rats fed high fat diet were analyzed in biochemical and molecular biological aspects. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1. In the body weight reduction, all acupuncture groups showed a high reduction compared to those of control group and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high reduction. 2. The concentration of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol with acupuncture groups showed a little decrease and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) groups showed a low values compared to those of other acupuncture groups. However, the tendency of HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant different. 3. The concentration of plasma ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and free fatty acids showed a lowest values in the Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups and the glucose concentration showed to decrease in all treated acupuncture groups. 4. The concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control group. 5. In all the acupuncture groups, the plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activity showed a little decrease. In the glutamic pyruvate activity(GPT), Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control groups. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture only group showed no significant difference to those of control group. 6. The plasma and liver Thiobabituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups were a lower than those of control group. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture group showed no significant difference to control group. 7. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Gansoo(BL18) acupuncture group and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high values. The catalase (CAT) activity in all the acupuncture groups showed a higher values than those of control group. 8. In acupuncture groups, DNA expression of Apo-B and Apo-E showed a tendency to decrease, however DNA expression of leptin showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. DNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a increase in acupuncture groups. These results indicate that Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) (especially Gansoo(BL18)) acupuncture affect the lipid metabolism and showed possibility of lowering adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find the therapeutic meaning of the Portulacea in herbal medication. Methods : About the origin, the component, the processing the drug, the properties and tastes of drugs, the meridian tropism, the effects, the treating disease, the contraindication and the method of administration, I have researched thirty literatures to mention the Portulacea in time sequence. Results : 1. The Portulacea belongs to the Portulacaceae herbs and it consists of noradrenaline, potassium sometimes containing small amounts of dopamine, dopa, malic acid, citric acid, glutamine acid, asparagin acid, alanine, cane sugar, grape sugar, fruit sugar. 2. The processing of drug is wash of water clealy, and remove the foreign substance. Then the drug is cutting to use. The method of burnt to ashes is used, too. 3. The properties and tastes of drugs is acid, cold, nontoxic. The meridian tropism is mainly liver and the large intestine meridian. 4. From old times, Portulacea has come into general use to treat eczema, the rose erysipelas, an acne, hemorrhoids, discharge from the womb etc. because it is effective on neutralizing poison, reduce a swelling, a tumor, an abscess and stopping of bleeding 5. Portulacea must be stoped When person have a weak digestive organ becase it is cold herba. And don't take use with Fish and shellfish. 6. Portulacea is useful method to external care. To use the herba, pulverize amount of property and then apply to the the affected part Conclusions : This study showed that the Portulacea is useful herb to treat of skin disease and useful method to external care.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exegenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usuable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki)穀氣) 내 that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Maridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily froms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and connot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian symtem unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.22-42
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exogenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki(穀氣) so that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Meridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily forms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and cannot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian system unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.