• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.82-82
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• 1997

The hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a small, enveloped virus with a circular, double-stranded DNA genome. HBV causes active and chronic hepatitis worldwide, including Korea, and is considered to be a major factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast to the wealth of knowledge on the gene structure and expressional regulation, immunological and pathological mechanisms for HBV-induced hepatocellular injury are not well known. In the present study, vaccinia virus which has been demonstrated to be a useful eukaryotic expression vector was used to clone the gene for HBV surface antigen, L(S+preS2+preS1). The recombinant vaccinia virus vector, pMJ-L, which contains L surface antigen gene of adr-type HBV was constructed, and subseouently used for making recombinant vaccinia virus VV-$\textrm{HBV}_{L}$. Expression of the HBV antigen was examined by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test using mouse monoclonal anti-hepatitis B surface antigen. HBsAg was detected in the recombinant virus indicating that the VV-$\textrm{HBV}_{L}$ expressed S antigen successfully. The HBV-Vaccinia Virus recombinant obtained in this study is currently being used for studying the immunological aspects of HBV infection.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2015

The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol were studied in healthy and vibriosis-infected large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) following administration of a single oral dose of $20mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. After oral administration, florfenicol levels in tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, serum, and skin) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A two-compartment open model was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol following oral administration. Compared to the healthy group, the absorption rate of vibriosis-infected fish significantly decreased, peak-time ($T_{max}$) delayed, maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) declined, total body clearance decreased, the elimination half-life ($T_{1/2{\beta}}$) was extended, and the area under the curve increased. These results indicate that a $20mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ oral dose of florfenicol administered once daily continuously for 4 or 5 days can be used for the treatment of Vibrio alginolyticus infection in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Korean red ginseng is known to regulate the immune system and help the body struggle infection and disease. Cadmium is widely distributed in the environment due to its use in industry. Exposure to cadmium is problematic causing organ dysfunction. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In experiments, animals were orally administrated with RGE (25, 50 mg/kg) for 7 d and then intravenously injected with cadmium ($CdCl_2$, 4 mg/kg) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. Cadmium caused the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. In contrast, pretreatment with RGE significantly reduced those serum indexes related with liver damage. In histopathological analysis, RGE decreased the centrilobular necrosis around central veins and the peripheral hemorrhage around portal triads. Moreover, RGE restored the deficit in hepatic glutathione level resulting from cadmium treatment. RGE also inhibited the increase in the expression of Bad, a representative apoptosis marker protein, induced by cadmium treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RGE can reduce the cadmium-induced hepatic toxicity, partly via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic process.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza outbreak coincided with the typical Scrub typhus season, which can lead to diagnostic difficulties due to their similar and non-specific symptoms. Here we describe a case of laboratory confirmed co-infection of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and Scrub typhus and discuss the difficulties in distinguishing the two illnesses clinically.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

Fournier's gangrene is a synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, perirectal and urogenital area and can be fatal unless treated in early stage. Perianal and urogenital infections are common causes of the disease but it can occur after artificial procedure on perineal area using by surgical instruments. It is mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection and E. coli is the most common causative bacteria. Untill now many investigators have focused on early diagnosis, preserving hemodynamic stability, broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics and treatment of underlying disease in management of Fournier's gangrene. The authors have experienced five patients of chronic liver disease whose necrotizing perineal infections developed spontaneously and treated them aggressively as described above and reconstructed perineal soft tissue defects using by various surgical methods, then we got good results both functionary and cosmetically. From now on, we would better reconstruct soft tissue defect of perineum with skin graft or pedicled flap in early stage when treat Fournier's gangrene, thereafter we can get an ultimate increase in patient's life quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1029-1031
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• 2003

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a reactive disorder characterized by a generalized non-malignant histiocytic proliferation with prominent hemophagocytosis by stimulated histiocytes in the bone marrow and reticuloendothelial systems resulting in pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. Several diseases including infection, malignancy and autoimmune disease are known to be causative disorders. This case demonstrated histiocytic hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, resulting in pancytopenia during treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and did not show any underlying disease.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of HDV pathogenesis, we examined the effects of HDV viral proteins, the small hepatitis delta antigen (SHDAg) and the large hepatitis delta antigen (LHDAg), on $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activation was increased by LHDAg but not by SHDAg in both HEK293 and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, LHDAg promoted TRAF2-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that both SHDAg and LHDAg interacted with TRAF2 protein. We showed that isoprenylation of LHDAg was not required for the increase of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. We further showed that only LHDAg but not SHDAg increased the $TNF-{\alpha}-mediated$ nuclear translocation of p65. This was accomplished by activation of $I{\kappa}B_{\alpha}$ degradation by LHDAg. Finally, we demonstrated that LHDAg augmented the COX-2 expression level in Huh7 cells. These data suggest that LHDAg modulates $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway and may contribute to HDV pathogenesis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2012

Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction, which often begins several days after apparent recovery from a viral illness, especially varicella or influenza A or B. Salicylate use was identified as a major precipitating factor for the development of Reye syndrome. With the recommendation to avoid use of salicylates in children, Reye syndrome has virtually disappeared in recent years. We report a case of Reye syndrome in a 5-month-old infant who had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin under the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, and showed symptoms of sudden onset of irritability, rigidity, decreased activity, vomiting, poor appetite, lethargy, liver dysfunction without jaundice, coagulopathy, and hyperammonemia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis in slaughtered cattle in Kangwon (Wonju, Hoengseong, Hongcheon, Cheorwon, Pyeongchang) province and Daejeon from October to December in 2014. From the total 10,780 examined cattle, 0.54% (58/10,780) were found to be positive for fascioliasis by postmortem macroscopic inspection. The Fasciola spp. infection rates were higher in the most Daejeon (1.83%, 41/2,240), followed by Hoengseong (0.40%, 15/3,714) and Hongcheon (0.22%, 2/901). It was not infected in the other regions. The outward appearances of Fasciola spp. infected livers looked almost normal and the worms were all parasitize in the main hepatic duct.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

The obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major world wide cause of infectious ovine abortion. In some different diagnostic techniques that are being used to detect this pathogen in ovine fetuses, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a very sensitive and expensive one. Histopathology is not truly a specific and sensitive test for Toxoplasma infection but it can be helpful to choose some suspected tissues for IHC. In this study 9.5% of 200 samples (aborted ovine fetuses internal organs such as brain, liver, heart, lung, kidney, spleen) (4.6~14.4% with 95% CI) were positive in IHC with a very good logical agreement among different diagnostic techniques (${\kappa}=0.73$, 0.8) and with no significant difference among different fetal age groups (p > 0.05).