• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 1996

The effect of cooking(boiling, steaming and baking0and drying on the cholesterol content and formation of oxidized cholesterols in quid(Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus) was studied. Cholesterol content of live squid meat varied with the portion sampled, and results from spectrophotometric assay ranged from 263.2mg/1..g(mantle) to 315.8mg/100g(tentacle). The cholesterol levels analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) for squid samples were lower by 7% of total cholesterol for live squid meat and 24% for processed meat than those results by spectrophotometric assay. Cooking resulted in the decrease of the initial total cholesterol content of raw meat from 10%(boiling for 5min.) to 25%(steaming for 5min.) The amounts of cholesterol remaining after baking were 68% for microwave oven samples and 64% for convection oven samples. Drying of raw tissue caused the greater reduction in cholesterol content than cooking but showed no significant difference in samples stored for 6 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$. Raw squid meats contained essentially no oxidized cholesterols, while the 22-hydroxychoesterol was detected in frozen meats. The additional oxidized cholesterols as cholestane-triol was indentified with 22-hydroxycholesterols in cooked samples. Sun dried meat stored at 4一 and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks had the three kinds of oxidized cholesterols such as 22-hydroxycholesterol, cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one and cholestane-triol.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 1999

Copepod is useful live food organism in the larval rearing. However of fin fish, culcures of copepod species (Specially calanoida and cyclopoida) were very difficult under artificial management conditions. In this study, we report successful culture of a free swimming cyclopodia copepod species (Apocyclops sp.) by easily baker's yeast as food. The maximum culture density of Apocyclops sp. was observed 11,200±2,660 ind/ℓ during the 30 days culture periods in the 1.5ℓ culture tanks. The nauplii were growth up maximum density 6,400±432 ind/ℓ on day 16th. The number of egg carring female was observed maximum density (666.7 ind./ℓ) of two times after 6days and 28 days of initial culture.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

One of freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) is very useful as a live food organism for early larval rearing of freshwater aquaculture industry. However, the knowledge about freshwater rotifer culture is scarce. On the other hand, marine rotifer culture as live food organisms is done, almost perfectly. In this study, I show to be benefit experimental results for successful freshwater larval rearing through the observation with microcosm structure in freshwater rotifer culture tanks.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.213-224
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• 1995

This study was designed to observe the nutritional knowledge, food behavior, nutritional attitudes and food preference of elderly living in home. Two hundred and thirty elderly were examined on questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The average score of their nutritional knowledge was 6.08 (the highest mark was 10.00). The nutrition knowledge score of the elderly live with spouse was higher than those live alone and goes up according to the education degree of elderly and pocket money. The correct answer ratio about a question of geriatric diseases was somewhat higher than another question. 2. The average score of their food behavior was 21.90(the highest mark was 33.00) and the score of the female was higher than that of the male and the college-educated elderly have the highest score. Generally their food behavior was improved by the increasing intake of animal protein and milk. 3. The average score of their nutritional attitude was 11.25 (the highest mark was 15.00) and those of 70~74 age old have the lowest score. And they answered that they are willing to change their food behavior for their health. In this study we expect that the authorities would operate the nutritional education for the prevention of degenerative diseases and the development of the food behavior at a public health center or another groups(no-in-jung) as a part of service for the welfare of elderly. 4. They prefered vegetable foods to animal foods and baking, broiling, and raw foods to the fried foods, and they liked the sweet foods, the fruits, milk and lactic acid beverage as snack or dessert.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2001

Distribution of pathogenic vibrios in the seawater of live fish tank and effect of environmental factors on their existence were investigated by collecting samples from fish markets and restaurants in 6 different cities. Pathogenic vibrios and coliforms were determined by using the most probable number (MPN) procedure, and aerobic plate count was enumerated by the standard pour plate method. No Vibrio chulerae O1 was detected in all the samples tested. Detection rates of V. cholerae non-O1, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in all the smaples tested were 7.7%, 69.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Water temperature and trubidity of the seawater measured were higher in the pathogenic vibrios positive samples than in those negative samples. However, higher salinity and pH were shown in the pathogenic vibrios negative samples than in positive samples. The aerobic plate counts and MPN or total and focal coliforms in the seawater were higher in the presence of pathogenic vibrios than in the absence of pathogenic vibrios. In this study, the presence of pathogenic vibrios in the seawater tested was closely related with other physiochemical parameters and populations of coliforms, indicators far food safety.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2009

In modern diet relying heavily on processed food, it is difficult to live without food additives, added to food regardless of whether consumers want or not. This poses the following questions: Are food additives really safe? Are they toxic? Are they cancerous? Are they still good to eat? Are there any concerns on excessive intake and interactions? Is toxicity testing adequate? Is ADI evaluation being set up properly? In this article, I discuss a desirable management strategy for food additives, by addressing these questions and concerns and analyzing and reviewing current status of food additive management.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.477-481
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• 2020

Viability plays an important role in the beneficial microbes (probiotics) to produce health benefits. However, this idea has been changed after the invention of the term "paraprobiotics," indicating that non-viable microbes could produce health benefits similar to those produced by live probiotics. Occasionally, it might be dangerous to administer live probiotics to people with weak immunity. In such cases, ingestion of paraprobiotics could be a potential alternative. The definition of paraprobiotics refers to the use of inactivated (non-viable) microbial cells or cell fractions to provide health benefits to the consumer. Paraprobiotics have attracted much attention because of their long shelf life, safety, and beneficial effects, such as modulation of immunity, modification of biological responses, reduction of cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. These features indicate that paraprobiotics may play a vital role in improving the health of the consumer by enhancing particular physiological functions, even though the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss the historical backgrounds of paraprobiotics and evidence of their health-promoting effects, prophylactic, and therapeutic properties.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2019

Many members of the Saprolegniales (Oomycete) cause mycoses and disorders of fishes, of which Achlya and Saprolegnia are most ubiquitous genera worldwide. During a survey of the diversity of freshwater oomycetes in Korea, we collected seven isolates of Achlya, for which morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses enabled them to identify as Achlya americana and Achlya bisexualis. In Korea, only a species of Achlya, A. prolifera, has been previously found to cause seedling rot on rice (Oryza sativa), but none of the two species have been reported yet. Importantly, A. bisexualis was isolated from a live fish, namely rice fish (Oryzias sinensis), as well as freshwater, and this is the first report of Achlya-causing mycoses on freshwater fishes in Korea. The presence of A. americana and A. bisexualis on live fish in Korea should be closely monitored, as considering the well-known broad infectivity of these species it has the potential to cause an important emerging disease on aquaculture industry.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2001

In this study, we investigated that the survival and growth responses of freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa and estuarine cladoceran Diaphanosoma celebensis on the saline culture conditions after transferring for using as live food organism. Estuarine cladoceran D. celebensis was survived and grew on the all salines except to saline jump culture condition of 0 ppt. However, freshwater cladoceran M. mcrocopa was died or decline on the over saline jumping culture conditions of 4 ppt within 5 minutes. These suggest the possibility of using the estuarine cladoceran D. celebensis compare with freshwater cladoceran M. macrocopa as a substitute live food organism for Artemia in the marine larval rearing.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study was to access the effect of Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts on the organogenetic reproductive toxicity of New Zealand White rabbits when administered by oral gavage. Methods : Gestational New Zealand White rabbits were dosed from 6 days of gestation to 18 days of gestation. It was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the KFDA Guideline for Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products. In addition, serum AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels were detected with their necropsy and histopathological observation Results: No significant changes of body weights, gains and food consumption were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to those of vehicle control group except for 2,000mg/kg-dosing group, which showed significantly increase of body weight compared to that of vehicle control group. Normal gross findings were demonstrated in all tested groups. No significant changes of number of corpora lutea, implantation, implantation rate, number of fetal death, loss rate of post-implantation, number of live youngs at C-section, survival rate of post-implantation, number of male live youngs at C-section, number of female live youngs, sex ratio of live young, external anomalies of live youngs and body weight of live youngs were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to those of vehicle control group. Although some visceral variations such as thymic reminant in the neck, dilation of renal pelvis, dilated ureter and malpositioned left common carotid artery, no significant changes were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. Some malformations and variation were demonstrated with retardations. However, no significant changes were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. In addition, similar ossification numbers were detected in sternebrae, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, cervical vertebrae, and sacral and caudal vertebrae. No Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts treatment-related changes of serum AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels were demonstrated in all dosed levels in this study. Conclusions : We could conclude that oral administration of Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts hasn't an influence on the organogenetic reproductive toxicity.