• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest Bone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1 m) in KEF, we have established a 1 ha permanent plot ($100m{\times}100m$) and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER(Korean long-term ecological research network) and DK site of KoFlux. In this site, we made a stemmap of trees and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2 cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area $28.0m^2$/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66 cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was f개m 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the 1.2 m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30 cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. These ground survey and monitoring data will give some important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1224-1232
• /
• 2020

Objective: The QingYu pig is well known for its excellent meat quality attributes in Sichuan province, China. In order to improve its production efficiency, the determination of genetic factors contributing to quantifiable economic traits of livestock is important. Moreover, the cross-breeding of QingYu pigs with western breeds possessing strong growth attributes is an efficient way to improve the performance of this breed. Methods: Here, the genetic parameters of several important reproductive traits of QingYu pigs were estimated, include total number born (TNB), number born alive, litter birth weight, individual birth weight, number of piglets weaned, litter weaning weight, and individual weaning weight. The data was analyzed using the ASReml 3.0 software (NSW Inc., Sydney, Australia). Furthermore, the effects of crossing Berkshire with QingYu (BQ) pigs on carcass and meat quality traits, as well as the effects of slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality of BQ were characterized. Results: QingYu pigs exhibited superior reproductive traits. The TNB available to QingYu pigs was more than 8 per parity. The observed repeatability of the reproductive traits of the QingYu pigs was between 0.10 and 0.23. The significantly correlated genetic and phenotypic of reproduction traits were consistent. Interestingly, the BQ pigs exhibited improved carcass quality, with a significant increase in loin muscle area, lean percentage and reduction in sebum percentage. As a result, BQ had higher L_45min, lower cooking scores, and lower drip loss. In addition, the loin muscle area, body length, and sebum percentage were significantly higher in 90 and 100 kg animals. Cooking loss showed a significant increase at 80 kg, and marbling increased significantly from 90 kg. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that QingYu pigs exhibit excellent reproductive properties and heritability of these traits. Crossing with Berkshire is an efficient strategy to improve the carcass and meat quality of QingYu pigs for commercial operations. Furthermore, it appears as though the optimal slaughter weight of BQ pigs is at approximately 90 kg.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.833-843
• /
• 2021

Objective: Current study was conducted to determine the effect of postpartum prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) administration on colostrum and milk yield, colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and piglet growth performance. Methods: In total, 36 sows were included in the experiment. The sows were classified into two groups: i) control (n = 11) and ii) PGF2α (n = 25). Sows in the PGF2α group received 10 mg of PGF2α within an hour after farrowing. The body weight of piglets was measured at 0 and 24 h after birth to estimate colostrum consumption. Colostrum was collected at 1 and 24 h after farrowing to determine IgG concentrations. For milk yield study, the remaining sows in the PGF2α group (n = 23) were divided into two subgroups: i) single PGF2α (n = 12) and ii) multiple PGF2α (n = 11). In the multiple PGF2α, the sows received repeated doses of PGF2α at seven and 14 days postpartum. The piglets' body weight was measured at 0, 1, 5, and 20 days of age. The milk yield of the sows was calculated. Results: Colostrum yield of sows averaged 5.62±2.25 kg. Sows treated with PGF2α postpartum had a higher colostrum yield than control (7.01 and 5.12 kg, p<0.05). The concentration of IgG in colostrum at 24 h in the PGF2α group was higher than the control (31.6 and 17.4 g/L, p<0.05). For primiparous sows, milk yield was highest in the sows treated with multiple doses of PGF2α during lactation and lowest in control sows (10.25 and 7.61 kg, p<0.05). Colostrum intake was higher in the treatment than the control groups (+56.7 g, p<0.05). Primiparous sows treated with multiple doses of PGF2α had a higher litter weight than controls (p<0.01). Conclusion: Postpartum treatment with PGF2α improved colostrum yield and IgG in multiparous sows and increased colostrum intake of piglets. Multiple administration of PGF2α improved the milk yield and increased litter weight of piglets in primiparous sows.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.152-165
• /
• 2017

중국 북부와 한국, 러시아 지역에 서식하는 비단털쥐(Tscherskia triton)의 분포를 제외한 생활사, 행동, 생태와 관련된 생물학적 특징에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구는 제주도에서 포획된 개체(n=9)를 대상으로 종 단위 연구의 기본이 되는 번식과 성장 및 발달에 대한 생물학적 정보를 밝히기 위하여 2015년 3월부터 2016년 12월까지 사육실에서 진행되었다. 연구결과, 임신률은 31.7%였고 좁은 케이지에서 보다 넓은 케이지에서 더 높게 나타났다(56.7 vs. 6.7%). 임신기간은 $22{\pm}1.6$일(범위 21-27일), 한배의 산자수(litter size)는 $4.26{\pm}1.37$마리(범위 2-7 마리)였다. 최소이유시기는 $19.2{\pm}1.4$일(범위 18-21일)이었다. 출생 직후 새끼의 체중과 외부형태의 크기는 성별로 차이가 없었으나, 이유시기부터 암수의 머리와 몸통길이(HBL)와 꼬리길이(TL)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(HBL-weaning, $106.50{\pm}6.02$ vs. $113.34{\pm}4.72mm$, p<0.05; HBL-4 months, $163.93{\pm}5.42$ vs. $182.83{\pm}4.32mm$, p<0.05; TL-4 months, $107.23{\pm}3.25$ vs. $93.95{\pm}2.15mm$, p<0.05). Gompertz 모형과 logistic 모형을 적용하였을 때, 머리-몸통길이에서는 수컷이 암컷보다 최대 성숙 길이가 길었고($164.840{\pm}7.453$ vs. $182.830{\pm}4.319mm$, p<0.0001; $163.936{\pm}5.415$ vs. $182.840{\pm}4.333mm$, p<0.0001), 성장률도 빨랐으나($1.351{\pm}0.065$ vs. $1.435{\pm}0.085$, p<0.05; $2.870{\pm}0.253$ vs. $3.211{\pm}0.635$, p<0.05), 성장곡선의 기울기가 최대가 되는 일령은 암컷보다 조금 늦었다($5.121{\pm}0.318$ vs. $5.520{\pm}0.333$, p<0.05; $6.884{\pm}0.336$ vs. $7.503{\pm}0.453$, p<0.05). 한편 꼬리의 최대길이($105.695{\pm}5.938$ vs. $94.150{\pm}2.507mm$, p<0.001; $111.609{\pm}14.881$ vs. $93.960{\pm}2.150mm$, p<0.05)와 변곡점에서의 길이($60.306{\pm}1.992$ vs. $67.859{\pm}1.330mm$, p<0.0001; $55.714{\pm}7.458$ vs. $46.975{\pm}1.074mm$, p<0.05)는 암컷이 수컷보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 두 성장모형에서 암수의 체중과 외부형태형질에 대한 성장률은 비교 결과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 비단털쥐의 종적 특징을 밝히는데 필요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.587-602
• /
• 2017

온난다습 한 기후대의 미국 남부지방에서 2008년에 유기인증을 받은 '엔터프라이즈' 사과나무(Malus${\times}$domestica Borkh.)를 대상으로 수체피해[왜콩풍뎅이(Popillia japonica Newman), 설치류, 고사율, 잡초밀도]에 대한 잎과 토양의 무기성분 및 수체생장과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 과원은 유기질 멀칭 4종류와 비료 3종류를 복합으로 처리하였고, 멀칭은 초생, 종이, 우드칩, 식물성퇴비를 포함하였고, 비료는 무비료, 계분, 상업용 유기질비료를 매년 4월에 수체 주위에 시용하였다. 수체피해인 설치류와 잡초밀도는 무기성분이나 수체생장과는 별다른 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 왜콩풍뎅이에 의한 잎 피해는 식물성퇴비 멀칭구에서 높았고(26.5%), 고사율은 초생멀칭구에서 가장 높았다. 주당 바이오매스 생산량은 우드칩과 식물성퇴비 멀칭구에서 약 3,700 g으로 나머지 처리보다 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 상관관계분석을 통한 잎의 왜콩풍뎅이 피해율은 토양과 잎의 무기성분이 증가하면 심해지는 경향을 보였고, 영양생장 지표인 주간 단면적과 강한 정의 상관관계($r^2=0.585$)가 관찰되었다. 수체 고사율은 토양 내 무기성분보다는 수체의 무기성분 함량과 수체생장과 부의 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 이에 미국 남부지방 과원에서 시용된 우드칩은 유기물함량을 증가시키고 유목의 건전성을 확보하는 동시에 토양 내의 풍뎅이류 등의 해충과 설치류의 피해 정도를 최소화할 수 있는 지역 맞춤형 피복자재로 판단되었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 Wistar계 rat를 이용하여 포유기간 중 제한포유시기와 이유시기를 조절하여, 혈중 IGF- I 수준변화에 대해 검토하였다. NL군 (NL)은 포유자의 수를 8 마리로 조절하였으며, RL군 (RL)과 W군 (W)은 RL0, RL0, RL10, RLl5 및 RL20, 그리고 W0, W5, WI0, W15 및 W20으로 각각 5개 군으로 구분하여, RL군은 각 개시일에 포유자의 수를 8마리에서 4마리로 조절하였으며, W군은 각 개시일에 포유자의 수를 완전히 이유시켜 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. NL군의 혈중 IGF-I 농도는 분만직후 (Day 0) 750.59$\pm$3.52ng/$m\ell$ 을 나타내어 15일까지 일정한 수준을 유지하다가 그 후 포유 25일에 1,690.20$\pm$4.42ng/$m\ell$ 까지 증가되었다. 2. 포유초기 RL군 (RL0, RL5)의 IGF- I 농도는 포유 10일에 RL0군과 RL5군에서 각각 1,395.90$\pm$3.45 및 1,351.73$\pm$3.23ng/$m\ell$로서 NL 군의 745.96$\pm$2.24ng/$m\ell$ 보다 유의적 (P＜0.05)으로 높게 나타났으나 포유 15일부터는 차이가 없었다. 3. 포유초기 W군의 IGF- I 농도는 이유 후 일주일 정도는 NL군에 비해 높은 수준 (P＜0.05)을 나타내다가 10일경에 NL군과 같은 수준으로 감소하였다. 포유자극의 강약은 난소의 생리적 변화와 함께 혈중 IGF- I의 농도를 조절하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2004

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of chromium (VI) on the placental function and reproduction in rats. For the study, the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) gene expression, placental trophoblast cell differentiation and reproductive data were analyzed. Methods : The pregnancies of F344 Fisher rats were checked by the presence of a copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear, which was defined as day 0 of the pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into the three groups. The control group was given tap water (chromium level < 0.001 ppm) and the remaining groups were given 250 or 750 ppm of chromium (VI) [as potassium dichromate], from day 7 to 19 of the pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed at days 11 and 20 of pregnancy. The mRNA levels of PRL-GH and Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The hormonal concentration was analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and the differentiation of placental trophoblast cells were observed by histochemical studies. Reproductive data, such as placental and fetal weights, pregnancy period, and litter size, were surveyed at day 20 of pregnancy and after birth. A statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1). Results : The mRNA levels of the prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) family of genes were dose dependently reduced by chromium exposure. The mRNA levels of Pit-1a and b isotype genes that induce the expression of the PRL-GH family of genes were also reduced by chromium exposure. The PRL-GH hormonal concentration in the rat placenta, fetus and maternal blood were decreased by chromium exposure. In the middle stage of pregnancy (day 11), a high dose of chromium suppressed the differentiation of spongiotrophoblast cells that secret the PRLGH hormones. In the last stage of pregnancy (day 20), a high dose of chromium induced apoptosis of placental cells. Reproductive data, such as placental and fetal weights, litter size, were reduced, but the pregnancy period was extended in the group exposed to chromium compared with the controls. Conclusion : Chromium (VI) disrupts the ordered functions of the placenta, which leads to reproductive disorders in rats.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제86권3호
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 1997

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 전라북도(全羅北道) 남원(南原) 소재(所在)의 송이 발생림(發生林)에서 각종(各種) 환경조절(環境調節) 처리후(處理後) 10년간(年間) 조사(調査)한 송이 자실체(字實體) 발생량(發生量)의 변화(變化)를 검토(檢討), 분석(分析)하여 각(各) 처리(處理)가 송이 발생(發生)에 실질적(實質的)인 도움을 주는가 알아보고 송이 증산(增産)을 위(爲)하여 감안(勘案)하여야 할 인자(因子)에 대하여 고찰(考察)한 내용(內容)이다. 환경조절(環境調節) 처리(處理)는 식생정리(植生整理)와 임상조건조절(林床條件調節)이며 1983년(年) 초여름에 실시(實施)하였다. 각(各) 처리별(處理別) 송이 자실체(字實體) 생산량(生産量)은 통계적(統計的) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 하지만, 시업전(施業前)인 1982년(年)의 각(各) 조사구별(調査區別) 송이 생산량(生産量)을 1로 기준(基準)하여 매년(每年) 자실체(字實體) 생산량(生産量)을 %로 환산(換算)하여 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 시업효과(施業效果)를 구분(區分)해 낼 수 있었다. 식생정리(植生整理)와 더불어 지피물(地被物)을 관리(管理)하는 것은 단기적(短期的)으로만 송이 생산량(生産量)에 영향(影響)을 미치므로 지속적(持續的)인 관리(管理)를 통해서만 송이산(山)의 생산성(生産性)을 유지(維持), 증진(增進)할 수 있음을 확인(確認)하였다. 또한, 송이 산(山)의 생육조건(生育條件)도 중요(重要)하지만. 남원(南原)의 조사구(調査區)에서는 지표(地表)긁기가 송이 생산성(生産性) 향상(向上)에 가장 큰 영향(影響)올 나타내어 소나무 세근발달(細根發達)이 송이 생산성(生産性)에 더욱 큰 영향(影響)을 미침을 확인(確認)할 수 있었다. 아울러 본(本) 시험구(試驗區)에서는 낙엽제거(落葉除去)가 탁엽피복(落葉被覆)에 비(比)하여 오히려 송이 발생(發生)에 악영향(惡影響)을 미치는 것으로 나타나 사질토양(砂質土壤)을 지닌 송이산(山)은 정적당(適當)한 낙엽(落葉)이 필요(必要)함을 알 수 있었다. 즉(卽), 토성(土性)을 고려(考慮)한 지피물(地被物) 관리(管理)가 필요(必要)하며, 지역별(地域別) 생산성(生産性) 증진기법(增進技法)은 각(各) 지역별(地域別)로 차별화(差別化)하여야 함을 재확인(再確認)할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2002

미생물제제를 이용한 돈분뇨 처리시스템(3N-System, 속성발효시스템) 운영에 있어 돼지에 급여하는 생균제가 비육돈의 발육 및 질병발생에 미치는 효과와 분뇨처리효과를 구명하기 위하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 생균제 혼합급여 시험은 사료에 0.1% 씩 생균제와 항생제를 각각 첨가하여 처리구별로 30두씩 3처리 평균체중이 21.4$\pm$0.54kg인 육성비육돈 90두를 공시하여 시험을 실시하였다. 0.1% 생균제 (Bacillus toyoi spore) 급여구는 육성돈에서 출하시까지 급여하였으며, 0.1% 항생제 (kitasamycin and sulfamethazine) 첨가 급여구는 출하 1개월전 부터는 항생제 첨가한 사료를 급여하지 않았다. 일당 증체량과 사료효율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P >0.05). 도체성적에 있어 출하시 체중과 도체중은 항생제 첨가급여구가 다소 높게 나타났으나 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 등지방 두께는 생균제 첨가 급여구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮게 나타나는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 도체등급별 출현두수는 A등급 출현율에서 생균제 첨가 급여구가 다소 높은 비율을 보였다. 육안 병변에 대한 모니터링 결과에서는 생균제 급여구가 병변발생율이 적게 나타났다. 시험돈사의 환경조사에서 처리간에 온도의 차이는 없었으나 최저온도에서는 항생제첨가 급여구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 습도는 생균제 첨가급여구가 84.34$\pm$6.03으로 다른 처리구에 비하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 시험돈사내의 돈분뇨의 성상변화(BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P 및 암모니아 농도)도 생균제첨가 급여구가 낮은 수치를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 2001

For determining the relative genetic effects of Duroc (D) and Taoyuan (T) breeds on the economic traits of their hybrids, 72 litters of pigs, from four mating types, namely TT (T♂$\times$T♀), DD (D♂$\times$D♀) and D-T hybrids (TD, T♂$\times$D♀ and DT, D♂$\times$T♀) were used in this study. The various crossbreeding parameters were estimated by comparisons among mating types using linear contrasts of least-square analysis. The results of reproductive traits analysis showed that T breed had contributed superior genetic effects on the total number of piglets at birth (TBN) (p<0.10) and number of live piglets at 21 days (LP21) (p<0.05) to the D-T hybrids. Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that the T females were superior in TBN (p<0.05), but inferior in average birth weight (ABW) and average litter birth weight (LBW) (p<0.01) to the D females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for LBW, LP21 and LWT21 (p<0.01). Least-squares analysis of other economic traits showed that T breed had relative negative effects on all growth traits, withers height (WH), body type index (BTI), average backfat thickness (ABF), carcass length (LENG), loin eye area (longissimus) (LEARA), and lean percentage (LEAN) of D-T hybrids (p<0.05). Estimates of direct genetic effects showed that the D breed was superior to the T breed in all growth and carcass traits except the average backfat (BF). Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that average body weight at 180 days (WT180) of progenies from T sows were lighter than from D sows. Progenies from D females had larger and leaner carcass than those from T females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for average daily weight gains from 150 to 180 days ($ADG_{150-180}$) (p<0.05) and for average body weights at 150 (WT150), and 180 days (WT180), average daily weight gains from birth to 150 and 180 days ($ADG_{150}$ and $ADG_{180}$, respectively), WH, body length (BL), ABF, BTI, and LENG (p<0.01). The results showed that D-T hybrids tended to have superior TBN and LP21 than D breed, and to be superior in all growth and most conformation and carcass traits to the T breed.