• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lithospermum erythrorhizon

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The Mixed Effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extracts and Chitosan on Shelf-life of Kimchi (김치의 보존성 증진을 위한 자초 . 감초추출물의 혼합 첨가와 Chitosan의 복합효과에 관한 연구)

  • 이신호;조옥기
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.864-868
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    • 1998
  • The studies were carried out to investigate the mixed effects of medicinal herbs, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Glycyrrhiza uralensis(LG), and LG with chitosan(LGC) on shelf-life of kimchi fermented at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. During the fermentation, pH was more slowly lowered in LG(1%, 3%) and LGC treatments than in control. Titratable acidity of these treatments was slightly lower than that of control. Viable cells of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in kimchi added with LG(3%) and LGC showed inhibitory effects about 1.2~1.6, 1.3~1.8 log10 cycle. The sour taste of kimchi added with LG or LGC was changed more slowly than that of control during fermentation for 5 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$. But flavor, color and overall acceptability did not show significant differences(p<0.05) among treatments. The color of kimchi added with LG was improved significantly by adding of 1% chitosan. The shelf-life of kimchi added with LGC was extended about 10 days than control.

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Investigation of Shikonin Pigments and Antioxidant activity of the Roots from Lithospermum erythrorhizon according to the Different Growth Stages and Areas of Cultivation (지치의 생육시기 및 재배지역별 시코닌계 색소 함량 및 항산화 활성)

  • Kim, Geum-Soog;Park, Chun-Geun;Lee, Kyeong-Hee;Choi, Jehun;Lee, Seung-Eun;Noh, Hyung-Jun;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Kim, Seung-Yu
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.435-440
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the quality variation of Lithospermum radix on the pigment contents and antioxidant activities according to different growth stages and areas of cultivation. Acetylshikonin contents showed the tendency to decrease gradually from the middle of July (0.28%) to the end of August (0.05%) and then the content was increased again to the end of October (0.25%). Shikonin content was detected as small amount of about 0.009% during the period. The weight of plants was increased from the end of September to the end of October and showed the highest value as 19.8 g on October 25. ROS scavenging activity was the highest in the early of October as $IC_{50}$ value of 0.11 ${\mu}g/mL$. Lithospermum radix of September showed lower ROS scavenging activities than those of other growth stages as $IC_{50}$ value of 1.02 and 0.49 ${\mu}g/mL$ on September 9 and September 27, respectively. Among 17 areas cultivated Lithospermum radix, 10 areas (59%) showed 0.05-0.10% of acetylshikonin contents and 3 areas (18%) were measured to contain 0.16-0.26% of acetylshikonin.

Enhancement of Anticancer Activities from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extracts by Ultra High Pressure Process (초고압 가공 공정을 통한 지치 추출물의 항암 활성 증진)

  • Seo, Yong-Chang;Choi, Woon-Yong;Kim, Ji-Seon;Cho, Jeong-Sub;Kim, Young-Ock;Kim, Jin-Chul;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2011
  • This study was performed to enhance anticancer activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by eluting high amount of shikonin through ultra high pressure process. Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by ultra high pressure process, compare to the normal extraction processes such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts ($1.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) from ultra high pressure process was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 13.4% for human lung cell (HEL299). The anticancer activities showed 80~85% by adding $1.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of the extracts from ultra high pressure process in several cancer cell lines such as AGS, Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Among them, MCF-7 cell of the endocrine system was highest inhibited than other cells. The anticancer activities of the extracts from ultra high pressure extraction process showed 10~15%, which was higher than the extracts from normal extraction processes. From HPLC analysis of the extracts, the contents of shikonin in the extracts from ultra high pressure process was 11.42% (w/w), which was 20% higher than others. This results indicate that ultra high pressure process could increase the extraction yield of shikonin and other contents, which resulted in higher anticancer activities.

Studies on Stability of Red Color Pigments from the Korean Lithospermum erythrorhizon (한국산 자초 적색소의 안정성에 관한 연구)

  • 이제헌;오문헌;이희봉
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2000
  • Stabilities to heat, pH, light were investigated about isolated red color pigment from the Korean Lithospermum erythrorhizon. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable heating at 40∼80$\^{C}$ for 1∼2 hours, hut it was specially unstable on the storage above 55$\^{C}$. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable on the sunlight under the red and green filters but unstable under the yellow and blue filters. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the pH of 4∼8 but unstable under the pH above 10. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the KCl and NaCl at concentration of 10$\^$-1/Mole. The pigment was very unstable under the CaCl$_2$, FeCl$_3$, CoCl$_2$, AlCl$_3$ and MnCl$_2$ at concentration of 10$\^$-1/Mole. The red pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under citric acid and acetic acid at concentration of 1 Mole. Especially, acetic acid was effective for the stability of the pigment.

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Suppressive effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-κB via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse macrophage cells

  • Han, Kyu-Yeon;Kwon, Taek-Hwan;Lee, Tae-Hoon;Lee, Sung-Joon;Kim, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Ji-Young
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2008
  • A variety of anti-inflammatory agents have been shown to exert chemopreventive activity via targeting of transcription factors such as NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of LE extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines. As an underlying mechanism of inhibition, LE extracts reduced LPS-induced transactivation of AP-1 as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ in mouse macrophage cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that LE extracts inhibited the DNA binding activities of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$. In addition, phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ protein was suppressed by LE extracts. Moreover, LE extracts inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated signaling pathways. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of LE extracts may be mediated by the inhibition of signal transduction pathways that normally lead to the activation of AP-1and NF-${\kappa}B$. These inhibitory effects may be useful for chemoprevention of cancer or other chronic inflammatory diseases.

Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Jacho(Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) (자초가 항알러지 염증반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon Mi-Hwa;Lee Jin-Yong;Kim Deog-Gon
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.3 s.63
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    • pp.110-123
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : This study was performed to examine the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of Jacho (Lithospermum erythrorhizon). Methods : Macrophage 264.7 cells were pretreatment, macrophage were incubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 100ng/ml for 12h ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) or 24h ($IL-1\beta$, IL-10) and media collectred and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-10 concentrations in supernatants were each measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of Jacho used were 50, 100, 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, and hydrocortisones used were 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4M. Results : Jacho showed inhibitory effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$ LPS-stimulated macrophage 264.7. The inhibitory effect was most significant in $250{\mu}g/ml$, and was not in a dose-dependent manner as in the hydrocortisone group Jacho also showed inhibitory effect on IL-6 by LPS-stimulated macrophage 264.7. The inhibitory effect was most significant in $1000{\mu}g/mL$, and increased in a roughly dose-dependent manner. Jacho and hydrocortisone showed contrary effect on $IL-1\beta$. Jacho obviously increased the expression of $IL-1\beta$, in alt five concentrations, End at the fewest concentration $(50{\mu}g/ml)$ the level of $IL-1\beta$, was highest. On the other hand, hydrocortisone was observed to have inhibitory effect on $IL-1\beta$, in all five concentrations. IL-10 was obviously inhibited by Jacho and hydrocortisone respectively in a roughly dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : By the findings of this experiment. Jacho was observed to have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, and might be one of the effective therapeutic regimens for allergic diseases.

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Identification of Shikonin and Its Derivatives from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (야생 및 재배 지치뿌리의 Shikonin 화합물 확인)

  • Kim, Jin-Sook;Han, Young-Sil;Kang, Myung-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.177-181
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    • 2006
  • In this study, phytochemicals from the wold and cultivated Lithospermum erythrorhizon (gromwell), which has been used for medicinal purpose or natural coloring material from the old days, were extracted by methanol and fractionated with hexane. The shikonin compounds in the fraction was isolated and their chemical structures were identified by $^1H$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. It was found that compound I was the shikonin substance with molecular weight of 288.3 and chemical formula of $C_{16}H_{16}O_5$, and compound II being deoxyshikonin substance with molecular weight of 272.3 and chemical formula of $C_{16}H_{16}O_4$. The Quantities of these compounds in the wild and cultivated gromwells was determined.

Stability of Naphthoquinone Pigments Isolated from the Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by Various Temperatures and Metal Ions (자근(紫根)으로부터 분리한 Naphthoquinone류 색소의 온도 및 금속에 대한 안정성)

  • Chung, Mi-Sook;Lee, Mie-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.97-100
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    • 1995
  • The pigments of acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were determined over a period of storage for their stabilities influenced by temperatures and metal ions. In dark condition, both pigment solution were unstable at 488 and 560 nm; alcoholic solutions of acetylshikonin pigment were stable at $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, but isobutylshikonin showed severe discoloration within 1 hour at $95^{\circ}C$ . Buffered solutions of acetylshikonin tended to be discolored with the addition of $Fe^{++}$, while those of isobutylshikonin with $Fe^{++}$ and $Cu^{++}$. These studies indicated that acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin can be used in foods as the natural colorant under selected conditions in case of considering storage temperature and metal ions.

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Stability of Naphthoquinone Pigments Isolated from the Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by Various Sugars and Acids (자근(紫根)으로부터 분리한 Naphthoquinone류 색소의 당(糖) 및 산(酸)에 대한 안정성)

  • Chung, Mi-Sook;Lee, Mie-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.157-161
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    • 1994
  • The pigments of acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were determined over a period of storage for their stabilities influenced by mono- and disaccharides and acids. In general. sugars and acids caused an increase in stability of acetylshikonin at the various concentrations. These studies indicated that acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin can be used in foods as the natural colorant under selected conditions.

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