• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

For even distribution of liquid manure in the field, a boom nozzle type spreader was designed and studied to determined its suitability for small scale crop production farms. Boom nozzle type spreader was compared in the impact triple nozzle and impact single nozzle type spreader. Spreading uniformity of the boom nozzle type liquid manure spreader showed 5.2% (C.V.) and impact single nozzle type spreader showed 6.9% (C.V.). The spreading uniformity of the impact triple nozzle type spreader was quite uneven, therefore, the spreader could be modified as twin nozzle for spreading in orchard farm. The wheel axle height adjustable type liquid manure spreader has higher the stability and it considered much useful on the hilly agricultural land.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2002

A computer simulation was carried out to investigate the optimum capacity of liquid manure tank spreader which is used as a tractor attachment. Soil physical properties, such as soil moisture content, bulk density, soil hardness and soil types were measured in the 10 major rice production area for computer simulation. Mathematical model which include soil physical properties and vehicle factor was used for computer simulation. Most of the soil type of the investigated area was sandy clay loam. Soil moisture content ranged between 30 and 40% mostly. Soil bulk density was in the range of 1,500 to 1,700 kg/$m^3$. Soil hardness ranged between 1 to 18 $cm^2$. Soil hardness incorporate the effects of many soil physical properties such as soil moisture content, soil type and soil bulk density, and so the range of soil hardness is greater than any other physical properties. The capacity of liquid manure tank spreader was above 3,000 kg$_{f}$ for the most of the investigated areas, and mostly in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 $kg_f$ depending upon the slip. But for the soft soil area such as Andong and Asan, the tractor itself has mobility problem and shows no pulling force for some places. For this area, the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader ranged between 1,000 and 2,000 $kg_f$ mostly, so the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader should be designed as a small capacity trailer compared to the other area.mpared to the other area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.766-771
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• 1999

The first paper of this series compared the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yields and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting system. This paper compares the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa, orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture managed as a 5-cutting system. The results presented here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing alfalfa, various grasses, and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from dairy slurry applied to established stands. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots were the forage species. Manure used for the study was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall dairy barn. Water was added to from a slurry having about 8 % solids. Slurry was pumped from the liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden watering cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields of alfalfa, tall fescue, and alfalfa-orchardgrass were generally not affected by slurry application rates and were not significantly different from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Tall fescue significantly outyielded all other forage species at all manure and the inorganic fertilizer treatments in the second year when rainfall during the growing season was unusually high. Grasses generally had a greater response to manure applications than alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Increasing rates of manure did not increase herbage yields of alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Herbage yields within each species were not affected by frequency of application of the same total rate. Stand ratings of alfalfa, orcahrdgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass were significantly lower for the very high manure application rate compared to the control treatment. Based upon the results of this study, multiple annual applications of slurry manure can be made onto these species at rates up to $1,700kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ without detrimental effects on herbage yield and stand persistence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.758-765
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• 1999

Comparative studies of the effects of rates and frequency of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa and various forage grasses have not previously been conducted. The results being reported here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing the effectiveness of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), various grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from applied dairy slurry. The objectives of this part of the study were to evaluate the effects of various rates and frequencies of application of slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa-orchanrdgreass and alfalfa-reed canarygrass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting management system. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and time of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots consisted of the two grasses and two alfalfa-grass mixture mentioned above. Slurry was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall housing barn and water added to form a slurry having about 8% solids. Manure was pumped from a liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden water cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields within species were generally unaffected by various rates of application in the first production year. Herbage yields of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures the second year were generally not affected by frequency of application for the same rate of slurry applied. Slurry application resulted in greater herbage yield increases in grasses than alfalfa-grass mixtures in the 4-cutting management system. In general, herbage dry matter yields of grasses from the dairy slurry treatments equaled or exceeded yields from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Stand ratings of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures were not changed by manure application rates. In this study, the highest rate of slurry ($967kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1995 plus $2,014kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1996) was not detrimental to herbage yields or stand persistence of any of the species. It was concluded that applying dairy slurry to these cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures managed in a 4-cutting system is an acceptable practice from the standpoint of herbage yield and satnd persistence and by doing so the utilization of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced.