• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2007

Liquid calcium fertilizer evenly dispersed has been prepared using calcium carbonate powder and several surfactants. The calcium contents of nine fruits and vegetables were compared after spraying the liquid fertilizer onto the leaf of them six times for 2 months. The calcium contents of cabbage and potato increased to 155% and 154%, respectively. In addition, by virtue of the relatively high contents of calcium, rigidities of the texture were also increased, which would result in higher value-added vegetables. Kimchi was prepared using a Korean cabbage sprayed with the liquid calcium fertilizer and its fermentation characteristics were analyzed. A sensory evaluation has been performed to give the best result for a calcium Kimchi fermented for 14 days.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.68-79
• /
• 1984

An increased population and rapidly expanding industrial development have led to enormous amounts of various domestic and industrial wastes. The proper disposal of ever-increasing wastes is a growing global problem. Land treatment is one of the rational approaches that are environmentally safe and economically practical. It has long been practised in many sites. Recycling of industrial wastes on agricultural land can provide better possible means for maintaining environmental quality and utilizing waste-resources. Even though industrial wastes are beneficial as soil amendment and fertilizer, they have some limitation on land application because of wide variability as well as physicochemical problem in their composition. A direct application of solid and liquid wastes on land is being practised in Korea and some experimental results are presented. The direct application of fermentation waste on rice resulted in a 6 percent yield increase. Another organic residue from glutamic acid fermentation is widely used not only as a direct application as a liquid fertilizer but also for a raw material of organic compound fertilizer. These wastes are much promising as sources of plant nutrients, since they have large amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen with few toxic metals. On the other hand, fertilizers developed from inorganic industrial wastes include calcium silicate, calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The calcium silicate fertilizer simply produced from slag, by-product of iron and steel manufacturing plant is one of the most successful example of the conversion of wastes to fertilizer and slag production capacity totals to over three million MT/year. About 200,000 MT of calcium silicate fertilizer is currently applied in the paddy rice every year. Calcium sulfate, a waste from the wet phosphoric acid process is to some extent used as a filler of compound fertilizers but quite large quantites are directly applied for the reclamation of tidal flat.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.577-587
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the manufacturing characteristics of organic liquid fertilizer with poultry manure, soybean meal, and rice bran at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Treatment was given 3 treatments; poultry manure+soybean meal (PM+SM), poultry manure+rice bran (PM+RB), and soybean meal+rice bran (SM+RB). The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The pH in liquid fertilizer was consistently increased in PM+SM treatment, and was increased after decreased at early season in PM+RB and SM+RB treatments. The electriacl conductivity(EC) in liquid fertilizer was rapidly increased from $2^{nd}$ weeks to $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in PM+SM and PM+RB treatments, and was rapidly increased from $4^{th}$ weeks to 6th weeks after fermentation in SM+RB treatment. The amount of $H_2S$ gas occurrence was the highest as $1,200\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in early season, and was the lowest as $50\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at $12^{th}$ weeks after fermentation of organic liquid fertilizer. The temperature of organic liquid fertilizer was stabilizing in $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation. The yield of well of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium was increased with increasing fermentation periods. It was not change from $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in content of calcium, magnesium and sodium in organic liquid fertilizer.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2005

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fruit skin spray of the lime fertilizer in 'Campbell Early' grapes. The T-N, P, K, Ca and Mg of fruit skin and cluster weight, berry weight, cluster length showed no difference between control and lime fertilizer. But soluble solids in fruit was reduced by fruit skin spray of liquid calcium fertilizer extracted from oyster shell after bagging(LCaB). The anthocyanin content of fruit skin was decreased by air-slaked lime(HCa) and LCaB treatment. Also, occurrence of fruit skin bloom was significantly reduced by HCa and oyster shell powder(OS-CaP) treatment. The berry firmness was significantly increased through liquid calcium fertilizer extracted from oyster shell(LCa) and HCa treatment. Conspicuously, berry elasticity was rather decreased by OS-CaP treatment. However, there was no difference of weight loss of fruit among treatments during room temperature storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure application on shoot growth, fruit qualities and soil chemical properties in peach orchard. SCB liquid manure was fertigated ten times from April to October in SCB plot, whereas chemical fertilizer was treated two times as basal and additional fertilizers in control plot. The shoot growth, leaf nitrogen and potassium content, soil exchangeable K, fruit weight and yield were higher in SCB plot than in control. Soluble solid content and acidity, soil organic matter, soil available phosphate and soil exchangeable Mg showed no significant difference between treatments, and the leaf calcium and magnesium content were lower in SCB plot than in control. In conclusion, fertigating SCB liquid manure in peach orchard has positive effects on fruit weight and yield, and it is suggested that periodical soil testing is needed because of the possibility of K accumulation in SCB liquid manure treated soil when the orchard is fertigated based on the soil nitrogen content.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mixed treatment of compost tea and amino acid liquid fertilizer as a substitute of oil cake for the organic cultivation of maize in Goesan, Chungbuk province. As a result, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of each organic fertilizer were in the order of oil cake > amino acid fertilizer > compost tea. Each of these organic fertilizers had little influence on the change of soil chemical. Individual treatment of amino acid fertilizer and oil cake for weight of an ear as well as all individual treatments for the fresh weight of 100 kernels showed significant increase, compared to the untreated control. For the corn yield of merchantable quality, each treatment of compost tea, amino acid liquid fertilizer and oil cake increased higher 3.9, 5.4 and 5.9% than untreated control, respectively. On the other hand, as a result of mixed treatment of amino acid fertilizer and compost tea, the change of soil chemical property was insignificant. The mixed treatment, Nonetheless, showed significant increase for stem height to 1st ear, grain setting length in an ear, weight of an ear, and fresh weight of 100 kernels, compared to the oil cake as a control. After all, the corn yield of merchantable quality produced by the mixed treatment was 3.9% higher than the control. Therefore, our study would be considered that the mixed treatment of amino acid and compost tea is one of organic materials that can replace oil-cake in maize.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.271-282
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted in a rain-shelter house which was installed in the agriculture farm. Plants were fertilized with concentrated slurry (CS), byproduct fertilizer (BF), mixture of concentrated slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer (CS+BF), combined organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) as control. 1. The pH level of byproduct liquid was decreased from the 3rd to the 7th day and increased 9 day to 14th day, but pH of concentrated slurry (CS) was not greatly varied. EC of concentrated slurry (CS) and byproduct liquid was increased gradually during the fermentation. 2. The concentrated slurry (CS) was low in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, rich in potassium and unbalanced as a low nitrogen and high potassium. But byproduct liquid fertilizer was balanced in nitrogen and potassium ratio. 3. The leaf number, head height, head width of chinese cabbage in treatment with organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) showed significant difference compared with control. The plant and head weight of chinese cabbage in treatment of concentrated slurry was severely decreased, but that in treatment organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) were increased 8, 10% compared with control chemical fertilizer (CF), respectively. 4. The content of $K_2O$ in plant tissue and in soil was increased after using concentrated slurry. On the other hand, mineral content of except $K_2O$ did not differ significantly between any of the treatments. In conclusion, organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) could improve growth and head weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.683-693
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the organic liquid fertilizer and find out optimum fermentation conditions of Effective Microorganisms (EM) including ascidian tunic. During the EM fermentation by adding ascidian tunic, electrical conductivity (EC) was increased, contrast to decrease the pH value, on related to the initial dosage molasses rate. Additionally, the total nitrogen quantity was shown to be increased on EM fermentation and the most effective increasing was recorded up to 220% on more than 15% molasses dosage condition. The phosphorus quantity was to be maximum rate on 21th of EM fermentation, and other contents, such to potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, had be shown an increasing patten during the fermentation period. After the EM fermentation, the concentration of hazardous material (Zn, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, pb) was measured below than the official criteria for commercial fertilizer. As a effective material in fermentated fertilizer, the 29 kinds free amino acids were detected and their total concentration was measured to 7080.94 mg/L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics of different organic liquid fertilizer during fermentation at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Chicken dung, soybean meal, and rice bran were used for nutrient sources. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; Total nitrogen contained the highest in soybean meal as 55 mg·kg^-1, and phosphate and potassium contained high in chicken dung and rice bran in organic liquid fertilizer materials. The pH of chicken dung was near 7.0, that of soybean meal and rice bran indicated acidity(pH 3.8~4.4). The electrical conductivity of chicken dung consistently increased during fermentation, and that of soybean meal and rice bran increased and decreased early season and increased at late incubation period. Hydrogen sulfide gas occurrence of chicken dung was 3,200 mg·L^-1 at early season and 1,600 mg·L^-1 at late incubation period, and that of soybean meal and rice bran treatments were not or very low concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas during manufacturing period. The nitrogen and calcium content of organic liquid fertilizer were the higher in chicken dung and soybean meal than rice bran. The phosphate and magnesium content of rice bran was the high as 5.6 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1, respectively. There was no difference in potassium content among the different liquid fertilizers during fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine the forage yield and mineral contents of silage corn(Zea mays L.), and N balance, soil chemical characteristics and nitrate-N level in infiltration water by different types and N rates of liquid manure applied. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $200kg\;N;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 200, 320 and $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$, liquid swine manure 200, 320 and $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results obtained at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, in Suweon from May 1997 to Aug. 1997 are summarized as follows : There were no significant differences in percentage of dry matter among the treatments, but significant dry matter yield differences were found (P<0.05), and also the mean dry matter yield of liquid swine manure plot was higher than that of liquid cattle manure plot. Potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of silage corn increased with increasing liquid manure application rates (P<0.05). Nitrate-N content of silage corn in the liquid cattle manure treatments was not influenced by liquid manure application rates, but that in the liquid swine manure treatments increased with increasing the N rates of liquid manure application. pH and contents of exchangeable canons of the soil after experiment were raised by increasing the amount of liquid manure application. Available $P_2O_5$ content in topsoil(0-10cm) was highest as $340mg\;kg^{-1}$ at the plot of liquid swine manure $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$. Concentration of nitrate-N in infiltration water increased at the plot of liquid swine manure $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$. Amount of nitrogen balance increased with increasing liquid manure application rates. Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that the mean dry matter yield of liquid swine manure plot was higher than that of liquid cattle manure plot, and the amount of nitrogen balance increased with increasing liquid manure application.