• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 메탄엔진 단일분사기급 연소기의 추력제어를 위해 수행된 드라이런 테스트, 수류시험, 그리고 연소시험 결과를 다루었다. 메탄엔진 연소시험설비의 산화제 및 연료 공급 라인에 유량제어 밸브를 설치한 후, 다수의 드라이런 테스트를 수행하여 밸브가 설정된 스트로크에 빠르고 안정적으로 도달할 수 있도록 하였다. 다음 액체질소와 기체질소를 사용한 수류시험을 진행하여 밸브 제어에 따른 모사 추진제의 안정적인 공급을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 액체산소와 기체메탄을 사용하여 정격 추력 대비 50%~10%의 고정 추력제어 연소시험과 연속 추력제어 연소시험을 성공적으로 수행하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2008

헤미셀룰로오스는 자일로스(xylose)와 만노스(mannose)와 같은 5당류(pentose)로 이루어져 있기 때문에 분해하면 고옥탄가의 연료 물질이나 연료첨가제로서 사용할 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 헤미셀룰로오스의 열화학적 전환방법으로 열분해 액화반응을 실시하여 반응온도의 영향, 전환율, 분해특성, 분해생성물질 및 에너지효율 등을 조사하였다. 실험은 튜브반응기로 반응시간 40 min에서 반응온도 $200{\sim}400^{\circ}C$로 변화시켜 가면서 수행하였다. 헤미셀룰로오스의 열분해 액화반응에 의해 생성된 액체 생성물은 주로 케톤류가 많았으며, 2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2,3,4-trimethyl-2-cyclopentan-1-one, 2-methyl-cyclopentanone과 같은 케톤류는 고옥탄가를 가진 연료 및 연료첨가제로 사용이 가능하였으나 페놀류는 연료로서의 가치가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 헤미셀룰로오스의 열화학적 전환공정에 의해 생성된 액체 생성물의 발열량은 6680~7170 cal/g이었으며 셀룰로오스의 열분해 액화반응에서 에너지 효율과 질량수율은 $400^{\circ}C$에서 40 min 반응시켰을 때 각각 72.2%, 41.2 g oil/100 g raw material로 가장 좋았다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2014

White rot fungi have been useful source of enzymes for the degradation of environmental pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic dyes. PAHs are widespread organic compounds present in fossil fuels and are routinely generated by incomplete fuel combustion. PAHs are some of the major toxic pollutants of water and soil environments. Synthetic dyes are major water-pollutants, which are toxic to organisms in water environments and interfere photosynthesis of water plants. Removal of PAHs and synthetic dyes has been of interests in the environmental science especially in the environmental microbiology. Mushrooms are fungal groups that function as primary degraders of wood polyphenolic lignin. The ligninolytic enzymes produced by mushroom, including manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase, mediate the oxidative degradation of lignin. The catalytic power of these enzymes in the degradation of aromatic ring compounds has been sought for the degradation of various organic compounds. In this project, we have screened 60 wild mushroom strains for their degradation activity against two representative PAHs, naphthalene and anthracene, and five aromatic dyes, including alizarin red S, crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, rose bengal. The degradation of PAHs was measured by GC while the decolorization of dyes was measured by both UV spectrophotometer and HPLC. As results, 9 wild mushroom strains showed high activity in degradation of PAHs and textile dyes. We also describe the secretive enzyme activities, the transcription levels, and cloning of target genes. In conjunction with this, activities of degradative enzymes, including laccase, lignin peroxidase, and Mn peroxidase, were measured in the liquid medium in the presence of PAHs and dyes. Our results showed that the laccase activity was directed correlated with the degradation, indicating that the main enzyme acts on PAHs and dyes is the laccase. The laccase activity was further simulated by the addition of $Cu^{2+}$ ion. Detailed studies of the enzyme system should be sought for future applications.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2018

화석연료의 고갈과 환경문제를 대응하기 위한 대체에너지 중 재생가능하고 탄소중립(Carbon-neutral)자원인 바이오매스 (Biomass)를 연료로 이용하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 바이오매스를 사용하는 대부분의 에너지 생산 시스템은 열화학전환방법이 대표적이다. 이 가운데 가스화 기술을 이용해 합성가스 (syngas)를 생산해 보일러나 엔진 등에 적용하여 열과 전기를 생산한다. 하지만 합성가스 (syngas)를 생산하는 과정에서 타르 (tar)가 발생되며 낮은 온도에서 응축되기 때문에 배관 및 엔진 등에 막힘 현상을 일으켜 공정 효율을 감소시키는 문제를 야기한다. 타르를 제거하기 위해 대부분의 가스화 공정에서 물을 이용한 wet scrubber를 사용하고 있는데 효율이 낮은 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 물과 oily material (soybean oil, waste cooking oil, mineral oil)을 이용하여 제거효율이 높은 순으로 나타내자면 Soybean oil>Waste Cooking Oil>Mineral oil>Water 순서로 나타났고 제거효율은 각각 약 97%, 약 70%, 약 63%, 약 30%의 효율을 보여주었으며 식물성 오일 종류인 soybean oil을 사용하였을 때 타르 제거 효율이 가장 높았다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

Diesel engines can produce higher fuel efficiency and lower $CO_2$ emission, they are subject to ever more stringent emission regulation. However, there are two major emission concerns fo diesel engines like such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Moreover, it is not easy to satisfy the regulations on the emission of NOx and PM, which are getting more strengthened. One of the solutions is to apply the new combustion concept using multistage injection such as HCCI and PCCI. The other solution is to apply after-treatment systems. For example, lean NOx trap catalyst, Urea-SCR and others have various advantages and disadvantages Especially, Urea-SCR system have advantages such as a high conversion efficiency and a wide operation conditions. Hence the key factor to implementation of Urea-SCR technology, good mixing of urea(Ammonia) and gas, reducing Ammonia slip. Urea mixer components are required to facilitate evaporation and mixing because the liquid state of urea poses significant barriers for evaporation, and the distance to mixer is the most critical that affect mixer performance. In this study, to find out the distance from injector to mixer and simulation factor, a laser diagnostics and high speed camera are used to analyze urea injector spray characteristics and to present a distribution of urea solution in transparent manifold In addition, Droplet Uniformity Index is calculated from the acquired images by using image processing method to clarify the distribution of spray.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

The objective of this work is to numerically reveal the effect of equivalence ratio change on the simultaneous reduction of NO_X and soot emissions from the simulated-EGR compression ignition engine containing CO₂. An experiment was conducted by using a single-cylinder common-rail injection system engine, an intake control system, and exhaust emissions analyzers. The numerical analysis results were validated under the same experimental conditions. To investigate the effect of equivalence ratio by simulated-EGR containing CO₂, the O₂, N₂, and CO₂ mole fraction were changed in the initial air conditions to the cylinder. The results were analyzed in terms of peak cylinder pressure, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated specific nitrogen oxide, and indicated specific soot. It was revealed that ignition delay characteristics and heat release rate (ROHR) characteristics were not significantly different according to the equivalence ratio. However, as the equivalence ratio increased from 0.68 to 0.83, the maximum combustion pressure and IMEP decreased by about 6.5% and 9.4%, respectively. In the case of ISFC, as is well known, the trend is opposite of IMEP. In the case of ISNO, as the equivalence ratio increased, less NO was generated, and as the equivalence ratio increased by 0.05, the ISSoot value of about 10% increased.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2020

NOx, PN and CO emissions from diesel trucks make up a significant portion of domestic air pollutant emissions. Therefore, test vehicles with various emission standards and driving modes were selected to evaluate the emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (NOx, PN, CO) in medium-duty trucks. As a result of test, all test vehicles were satisfied with Euro 5 or 6 regulation. NOx emissions of Euro 6 vehicles with after-treatment of LNT + DPF were lower than those of Euro 5 vehicles with DPF. In WLTC mode, all vehicles have high NOx emissions at section of extra high speeds, which are determined by increased fuel consumption and high combustion temperatures. CO and PN emissions from all vehicles were found to be low at section of low speeds. Also, The NO₂/NOx ratio was analyzed at 7-23% in each mode, and the NO₂/NOx ratio increased as the average vehicle speed increased. In NIER 9 mode, the CO, HC, and PN emissions were higher under cold conditions of engine than hot conditions of engine. In addition, vehicles with after-treatment system of LNT have similar NOx emissions level in this study.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

Recently, 1-D model-based engine development using virtual engine system is getting more attention than experimental-based engine development due to the advantages in time and cost. Injection rate profile is the one of the main parameters that determine the start and end of combustion. Therefore, it is essential to set up a sophisticated model to accurately predict the injection rate as starting point of virtual engine system. In this research, procedure of 1-D model setup based on AMESim is introduced to predict the dynamic behavior and injection rate of diesel injector. As a first step, detailed 3D cross-sectional drawing of the injector was achieved, which can be done with help of precision measurement system. Then an approximate AMESim model was provided based on the 3D drawing, which is composed of three part such as solenoid part, control chamber part and needle and nozzle orifice part. However, validation results in terms of total injection quantity showed some errors over the acceptable level. Therefore, experimental work including needle movement visualization, solenoid part analysis and flow characteristics of injector part was performed together to provide more accuracy of 1-D model. Finally, 1-D model with the accuracy of less than 10% of error compared with experimental result in terms of injection quantity and injection rate shape under normal temperature and single injection condition was established. Further work considering fuel temperature and multiple injection will be performed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권12호
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• pp.1889-1894
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• 2017

Global automobile manufacturers are developing electric vehicles (EVs) to eliminate the pollutant emissions from internal combustion vehicles and to minimize fossil fuel consumptions for the future generations. However, EVs have a disadvantage of shorter traveling distance than that of conventional vehicles. To answer this shortfall, more batteries are installed in the EV to satisfy the consumer expectation for the driving range. However, as the energy capacity of the battery mounted in the EV increases, the amount of heat generated by each cell also increases. Naturally, a better battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required to control the temperature of the cells efficiently because the appropriate thermal environment of the cells greatly affects the power output from the battery pack. Typically, the BTMS is divided into an active and a passive system depending on the energy usage of the thermal management system. Heat exchange materials usually include gas and liquid, semiconductor devices and phase change material (PCM). In this study, an application of PCM for a BTMS was investigated to maintain an optimal battery operating temperature range by utilizing characteristics of a PCM, which can accumulate large amounts of latent heat. The system was modeled using Dymola from Dassault Systems, a multi-physics simulation tool. In order to compare the relative performance, the BTMS with the PCM and without the PCM were modeled and the same battery charge/discharge scenarios were simulated. Number of analysis were conducted to compare the battery cooling performance between the model with the aluminum case and PCM and the model with the aluminum case only.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.62-80
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• 2021

차세대 추진기관에 대한 요구조건과 좋은 추진제의 조건을 정리하였다. 국내외에서 주로 관심을 받고 있는 연료인 케로신, 수소, 메탄의 특성과 효용성을 상호비교하였다. 비교 결과 메탄이 신뢰성, 비용, 재사용성, 유지보수, 친환경, 안전성, 수명, 기술적 난이도, 엔진 사이클 선택, 공통격벽, 무분해 조립 납품 등에서 다른 연료보다 더 유리한 것으로 평가되었다. 그리고 성능 면에서도 케로신보다 비추력이 높아서 발사체의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 메탄은 친환경, 낮은 연소온도, 긴수명, 유지보수의 편의성을 가지고 있어서 재사용과 다목적 엔진 개발에 장점이 있다.