• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1215-1219
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of powdered herb of Aster scaber Thunb. (chamchwi) on antioxidant system in ethanol-administrated rats. Four week-old Sprague Dawley male rats which had initial body weights of 97.10$\pm$4.50 g were randomly divided into three groups: control (ethanol treated, vitamin E-deficient group); 5% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 5% chamchwi powder-supplemented group): 10% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 10% chamchwi powder-suplemented group). Three groups of rats were suplemented with three experimental diets for 4 weeks and orally administrated 10% ethanol (v/v) daily via drinking water in the last experimental week. Contents of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in liver and kidney were also analyzed. Relative weight of liver and spleen to body in chamchwi groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). The most remarkable result was that liver TBARS contents in chamchwi groups (5% chamchwi group, 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$ in MDA value; 10% chamchwi group, 35 $\mu\textrm{g}$) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in control group (66 $\mu\textrm{g}$). The supplement of chamchwi powder lowered the activity of manganese- superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase in liver and GSH-px in kidney. The levels of glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were not significantly different in all experimental groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that powdered herb of Aster scaber decreases lipid peroxidation and acitvity of Mn-SOD increased by alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver of rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2003

It is known as that onion is antioxidation effect, antibiotic effect, blood pressure decreasing effect and reducing serum cholesterol levels. This research about effect that onion concentrate gets blood cholesterol levels and body composition. Subject was 17 adult men of hyperlipidemia. Age distribution of investigation subjects were average 49.4 years old by 40~56 years old, and average height and weight were 167.6cm and 75.5kg each, BMI was 26.9kg/$m^2$, and BMR was 1,460.6$\pm$87.5㎉, and AMC was 25.0$\pm$1.05cm, and BCM was 41.0$\pm$2.79cm. In the meantime, the body muscle was 53.7$\pm$3.7kg, and fat mass was 18.7$\pm$3.8kg, and intracellular fluid was 26.6$\pm$1.8kg, and extracellular fluid was 12.8$\pm$0.9kg. The % body fat was 24.6$\pm$3.8%, and fat distribution was 0.9$\pm$0.0%, and the obesity degree was 125.4$\pm$8.2%. Vegetables, seaweeds, fruits and juices increased by change of dietary life and greasy foods, instants, breads, rices etc. decreased or there was no change, fast foods and eggs were no change. Also, subject previewed that guidance about stress, smoking, drinking and beverage intake need. If compared the nutrient intake amount with before onion concentrate allowance, it was similar level almost without significant. Energy, calcium and riboflavin are lower than the RDA for koreans. After 3 months, the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides had decreased significantly : 15.0%, 31.2% respectively. And the HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels also showed a marked reduction of 6.8%, 8.7% respectively. Plasma lipid level change by onion concentrate supplement would can know that case of triglyceride more greatly than plasma cholesterol. The pH and Na+ level of plasma were low significant since 8 weeks after, and $K^{+}$ level increase significant. While $Ca^{++}$ level was low significant after 1 month, there was no change since 2 months after, but nC $a^{++}$ level was low significantly. Plasma $Mg^{++}$ level was no change and nM $g^{++}$ level was low significant after intake.e.e.e.e.e.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.408-417
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• 1990

To compare the hypolipidemic effect of n6 linoleic acid n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid, male Sprague Dawley rats weighing about 450g were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks which composed of fat at 15%(W/W) level and were different only in dietary PUFA. Dietary fat was corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil concentrate as a source of n6 linoleic acid, n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid, and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. Plasma total Chol and HDL-chol levels were significantly-lower in fish oil group than in corn oil and erilla oil groups. Plasma cholesterol lowering effect of PUFa was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA>n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid>n6 linoleic acid. Plasma TG was significantly lower in both fish oil and perilla oil groups than in corn oil group. Plasma TG-lowering effect was greater by n3 PUFA (EPA+DHA, $\alpha$-linolenic acid) than by n6 PUFA(linoleic acid). However, there were no significant effects on lipoprotein pattern hemolysis, and the levels of tocopherol and malondialdehyde in plasma and RBC by difference dietary fat with sufficient tocopherol supplement. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in proportion to the degree of fat unsaturation, thereby resulted in the lower level of MDA in fish oil group. In conclusion, fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

Instantized thin gruels have been popular to supplement patients who want nutritional, ready-to-eat, and easy-to-use products. In this study, rice-based thin gruels were developed by use of gelatinized rice powder which was manufactured by extrudating rice in a twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, the rice paste from the extruder were dried and ground into fine powder. The gelatinized rice powder was mixed with the powders of various grains, soy beans, nuts, oil seeds, and vegetables to formulate the instantized thin rice gruel with well-balanced nutrients (mixed powder). The mixed powder was granulated to improve reconstitution capability in a fluid bed spray granulator (granulated powder). Lipid and protein contents were higher by 0.9 and 1.9%, respectively, in the granulated powder whereas carbohydrate content was higher by 3.2% in the mixed powder. The calculated dispersibility was 93.7 and 77.0% for the granulated and the mixed powders, respectively. The reconstitution time was 122.3 and 305.3 for the granulated and the mixed powders, respectively. In conclusion, the granulation of the mixed powder improved the dispersibility. This study will be helpful to develop a variety of processed rice products and promote rice process industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.967-977
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• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. The fruits of RC are known to prevent adult diseases through antioxidants. In this study, the effects of RC extract (RCex) on obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated in animal models. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were induced to become obese for 8 weeks and then the extract was orally administered for 8 weeks. RCex reduced body weight, adipose tissue, liver weight. RCex improved biochemical biomarkers including lipid metabolism (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol). The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduced the expression of adipogenesis genes (liver × receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthesis (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and the effect of enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity by RCex was verified. RCex also influence on plasma production of hormones (adiponectin & leptin) related on energy expenditure and metabolism. In addition, we confirmed that RCex improved glucose intolerance in HFD-induced obese rats. RCex was first demonstrated to have anti-obesity as well as anti-NAFLD effects by regulating fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of AMPK. This suggests that RCex could be a good supplement for the prevention of obesity and related NAFLD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of peptide on blood pressure and serum lipid concentration of spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR). This peptide was extracted from beef muscle hydrolysates and identified as hexapeptide, V-L-A-Q-Y-K. This peptide showed angiotensin converting enzymc(ACE) inhibition activity in vitro experimentation$(IC_50: I38.34{\mu}\ell$/ml). Diets containing 0.2g. 0.5g. and 1.0g of the peptide per kg body weight were fed to SHR every day for 8 weeks while the control group was ted on a diet and lml of drinking water instead of the peptide. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the treatment groups were lower than those of the control diet feeding group. The significant suppression of systolic blood pressure was shown by increasing the concentration of peptide supplement. especially by 3 weeks of feeding. although it started fluctuating later. These results suggest that the peptide may beneficially affect blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rat by the 3-week administration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2015

Three groups of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) were fed with treatment diets containing certain concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and carotenoids. The control group feed contained 0% CLA and 0% carotenoids, the CP10 group feed contained 1% CLA and 0.1% carotenoids, and the CP25 group feed contained 2.5% CLA and 0.1% carotenoids. The CP10 and CP25 groups demonstrated the enhanced growth and increased feed conversion efficiency of black seabream. The specific growth rates (SGRs) were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.97, while the feed conversion ratios (FCRs) were 2.65, 2.46, and 2.04 for the control, CP10, and CP25 groups, respectively. The total contents of high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) for the control, CP10, and CP25 groups were 41.0%, 41.7%, and 43.5%, respectively. CLA was deposited to the extent of 2.8% and 5.6% in the muscle, and 4.0% and 8.3% in the viscera of the CP10 and CP25 groups, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment with the viscera lipid extract (VLE) from CP25 fish evidently lowered 3T3-L1 adipocytes viability. The lipid extract from the muscle and viscera of black seabream contained ample amounts of beneficial substances, such as CLA, carotenoids, EPA, and DHA. CLA, which enriched black seabream muscle, could be categorized as a functional food and serve as a well-being food. Meanwhile, the fish oil from its viscera could serve as a high function supplement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2003

To investigate the hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing system and changes of serum cholesterol levels in rats fed a diet supplemented with Monascus pigment (MP), Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g have been fed a diet supplemented with 2% or 4% MP for a month. The rats fed 2% MP supplemented diet gained less body weight than the control rats and those fed 4% W supplemented diet. Those fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet had no remarkable changes in liver function on basis of liver weight/body weight, serum levels of xanthine oxidase, alanine amino transferase activity In rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P45O dependent aniline hydroxylase activity significantly (p<0.05) declined about 32%, 37% respectively and showed no significant differences between rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet whereas those fed 2% MP supplemented diet showed about 29% increased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity. And hepatic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activites in rats fed 2% MP supplemented were more increased by about 17%, 28% respectively than the control rats. There were no significant differences both in between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially rats fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in hepatic catalase activity by 41%, 25% compared with control rats and those fed 4% MP supplemented diet showed more decrease in tendency of catalase activity than those 2% MP supplemented diet. But hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were appeared to be similar value among three groups. On the other hand, rats fed 2% MP supplement diet showed 17% increased levels of serum HDL-choresterol and 26% decreased value of LDL-cholesterol and serum level of triglyceride. But no different value were appeared between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially in those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, artherogenic index were significantly (p<0.05) declined by 37%, 29% respectively compared with control. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with a proper quantity of MP may have the potential of oxygen free radical detoxication and lowering of artherogenic index.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.953-960
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of Rubus coreanus Miq. oil on the plasma lipid profile of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). After completion of the 5-week experimental period, we measured bodyweight gain, food intake, adipose tissue mass, and plasma lipid profile. We also analyzed the activities of carnitine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) involved in ${\beta}$-oxidation and antioxidation, respectively. Our results show that HFD-induced weight gain in animals in the R. coreanus Miq. oil diet group (RCO) and corn oil diet group (CO) was significantly lower compared to animals in the HFD group; RCO supplementation had a more noticeable effect than CO. Visceral and back fat weights were lower in the RCO and CO groups while plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C per total cholesterol [HDL-C/TC (%)] ratio were significantly higher in the RCO group. The contents of acid-soluble acylcarnitine and total carnitine as well as SOD activation were significantly higher in the RCO group, but no significant difference was observed between the RCO and CO groups. In conclusion, RCO effectively averted elevation of total body weight and fat weight in HFD-induced obese mice and promoted increased HDL-C. Therefore, R. coreanus Miq. oil might play an anti-obesity role in obese people and could be used as an effective oil supplement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysates (EH) from Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) on blood glucose and serum lipid status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal and 5 diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed enzymatic hydrolysate-free control (DM) diets or diets supplemented with 0.02% (DM-2), 0.04% (DM-4), 0.08% (DM-8), and 0.16% (DM-16) of enzymatic hydrolysate for 4 weeks. Body weight gains were lower in five diabetic groups than that of the normal group. Blood glucose was decreased in EH-supplemented groups as compared to the normal group, and especially the lowest blood glucose levels were found in DM-4 and DM-8 groups. Activities of three disaccharidase in the middle part of the intestine, such as maltase, sucrase and lactase, in EH-supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of DM group. There was no significant differences in the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) among all experimental groups. Serum triglyceride in DM group was significantly increased as compared to the normal group, but those of EH-supplemented groups were decreased to the normal level. Total cholesterol level in DM group was higher than EH-supplemented groups and normal group, but that of DM-16 group was significantly decreased to the normal level. HDL cholesterol level in DM group was significantly decreased compared to the normal group, but that of EH-supplemented groups was increased to the normal level. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from Hamcho has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on STZ-induced diabetic rats and may be useful as a dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes.