• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2010

Interest in plant-derived food additives has increased recently, with efforts to identify natural antioxidant sources to replace synthetic antioxidants. This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of organic solvent fractions of 80% methanol extracts from Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis microalgae. Among the solvent fractions tested, the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions from P duplex effectively scavenged 79.8% and 74.5% of DPPH free radicals, respectively. The chloroform fraction from D. fascicularis showed the strongest $H_2O_2$ scavenging ability (49.7%). The greatest scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (73.1%) was exhibited by the 80% methanol extract from P duplex. Aqueous residue and ethyl acetate fraction from P duplex provided the strongest nitric oxide scavenging (57.7%) and metal chelating effect (82.1%), respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions from P duplex and n-hexane fraction from D. fascicularis exhibited significantly greater inhibition of lipid peroxidation than the commercial antioxidants. These results suggested that P duplex and D. fascicularis microalgae having potential anti oxidative compounds with various properties could be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2003

Xiaoshuan Zaizao Wan (XZW) has been used in China to improve hemiplegia, deviation of eye and mouth, and dysphasia due to cerebral thrombosis. To characterize pharmacological actions of XZW, we evaluated its effects on neuronal cell damage induced in primary cultured rat cortical cells by various oxidative insults, glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and $\beta$-amyloid fragment ($A_{\beta(25-35)}$). XZW was found to inhibit the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, or $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbic acid. It also attenuated the excitotoxic damage induced by glutamate or NMDA. The NMDA-induced neurotoxicity was more effectively inhibited than the glutamate-induced toxicity. In addition, we found that XZW protected neurons against the $A_{\beta(25-35)}$-induced toxicity. Moreover; XZW exhibited dramatic inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and mild 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Taken together; these results demonstrate that XZW exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative, excitotoxic, or $A_{\beta(25-35)}$-induced neuronal damage. These findings may provide pharmacological basis for its clinical usage treating the sequelae caused by cerebral thrombosis. Furthermore, XZW may exert beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease and other oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2003

한국산 인삼을 60% acetone으로 추출하여 Sepadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, MCI-CHP 20 gel column chromatography, ${\mu}-Bondapack\;C_{18}$ gel column chromatography을 이용하여 polyphenol 분획물을 3종류를 분리하여 항산화 효과, phospholipase $A_2$ 저해효과 및 암세포 증식억제 효과를 검토하였다. 항산화 효과에서 분획물 I은 150 ppm에서 $Cu^{2+},\;KO_2$ 그리고 $H_2O_2$에 대하여 각각 48.16%, 79.71%, 43.55%를 나타내었고 DPPH 수소공여능은 분획물 II가 200 ppm에서 35.17%의 라디칼소거능을 보였다. 분획물 III는 $Fe^{2+}$, OH가 존재 시 150 ppm에서 48.49%, 25%의 항산화효과를 나타내었다. Phospholipase $A_2$ 저해활성은 분획물 III이 $60\;{\mu}/ml$에서 48.9%의 활성을 나타냈다. HT 29 cell에 대한 인삼의 세포 독성은 분획물 II에서 0.25 mg/ml에서 73.29%의 가장 높은 억제능을 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1022-1026
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• 2016

피막이(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.)는 산형과(Araliaceae)의 여러해살이 초본이다. 생약명은 천호유, 예초, 계장초, 변지금으로 한방에서 사용하고 있다. 이 식물의 잎과 줄기로부터 열수 추출물을 이용하여 항산화, 환원력, 리폭시게나아제(lipoxygenase) 저해활성을 조사하였다. 하이드록시 라디칼(-OH)은 거대분자, 탄수화물, 핵산, 지질, 단백질에 유해한 작용을 나타내는데 피막이의 잎 추출물은 8.0 mg/ml 농도일 때 78.6%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 1, 1- diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl (DPPH)은 인체 내 항산화에 잘 알려진 라디칼로 피막이풀의 하이드록시 라디칼 활성 저해는 8.0 mg/ml농도일 때 86.0%였다. 다중불포화지방산 대사 효소에 관여하는 Lipoxygenases (LOXs)의 활성 저해는 8.0 mg/ml농도일 때 55.5%였다. 50%저해를 나타내는 농도(IC₅₀)를 산출할 때 OH 활성, DPPH 활성, LOX 저해에 대해 각각 5.23 mg/ml, 6.44 mg/ml, 3.71 mg/ml이였다. 피막이 잎과 줄기 추출물은 강한 환원력을 나타내었다. 이런 피막이의 항산화 및 환원력 활성, LOX의 높은 저해율, 강환 환원력은 약리학적 소재로 좋은 후보가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2019

울금(Curcuma longa L.)의 산화억제 및 질소산화물 소거활성 등 기능성 소재로서 활용 가능성을 검토한 결과, 프로안토시아니딘(proanthocyanidin) 함량은 $69.000{\pm}2.737mg$ catechin equivalents (CE)/g dry weight으로 확인되었으며, 증류수(distilled water, DW), 70% 에탄올 및 노르말 부탄올(n-butanol)의 3가지 용매를 사용한 추출 수율은 DW (17.11%), 70% 에탄올(15.26%), 노르말 부탄올(4.12%) 순으로 관찰되었다. 총 플라보노이드(total flavonoid) 함량은 DW, 70% 에탄올 및 노르말 부탄올에서 각각 0.032, 0.512 및 2.221 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g의 함량으로 나타났고, 노르말 부탄올에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이며 높게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). Nitric oxide (NO) 라디칼 소거 활성은 농도 별(0.2~0.8 mg/mL) DW에서 15.64~26.20%, 70% 에탄올 10.52~20.76%, 노르말 부탄올에서 13.39~69.92%로 확인되었다. Nitrite ($NO_2$) 소거활성은 DW 및 70% 에탄올과 비교하였을 때 노르말 부탄올에서 강한 $NO_2$ 소거활성을 보였다. ${\beta}$-carotene 탈색 저해활성은 DW에서 8.81~25.93%, 70% 에탄올 1.20~20.20%, 노르말 부탄올 12.08~43.93%로 나타났다. 지질과산화 저해활성은 DW, 70% 에탄올 및 노르말 부탄올에서 각각 5.60~27.54%, 37.78~50.79% 및 41.79~46.39%로 동정되었다. 이에, 천연 항산화제 등 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Objectives : This paper aimed to verify the applicability of mixed extract ofAngelica gigasNakai,Cnidium officinaleMakino,Paeoniala ctifloraPall,Rechmannia glutinosaLibosch,Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi, which were prescribed for improving inflammation in Donguibogam, as the materials for beauty food and functional medicinal herb cosmetics by manufacturing such mixed extract and evaluating the biological activity of the extract.Methods : The mixed medicinal herb water extract(MMW) and ethanol extract(MME) were freeze-dried to be used as the specimen. We performed electron donating ability, lipid acidification inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity against skin flora, MTT assay, NO inhibitory activity and the protein expression inhibitory activity of iNOS and COX-2.Results : For anti-oxidation experimentation, the electron donating abilities of MMW and MME were above 60.0% and 90.0% at 500 μg/ml, respectively. In the inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation, MMW and MME showed 43.1% and 52.1% at 1,000 μg/ml, respectively. As a result of antimicrobial activity, both the MMW and MME showed significant clear zones forPropionibacterium acnesat 4 mg/disc, but did not indicated the clearzones forStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus epidermidis. Anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed LPS-induced NO was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins were significantly inhibited following treatment with MMW and MME of 50 μg/ml.Conclusions : Accordingly, it can be concluded that mixed medicinal herb extract has the potential to beused as a functional food and cosmetic material.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2013

Chronic consumption of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet increases insulin resistance and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/6J mice. Hyperglycemia in diabetics increases oxidative stress, which is associated with a high risk of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul was measured in vitro. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal or HFHS diet with or without a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul at a 0.5% level of the diet for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. After sacrifice, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Chamnamul extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 26.7%, which was 78.3% the strength of inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Serum glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, were significantly lower in the chamnamul group than in the HFHS group. Chamnamul extract significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFHS group. These findings suggest that chamnamul may be useful in prevention of hyperglycemia and reduction of oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

The physiologically relevant functional properties of various solvent extracts from Salicornia herbacea leaves were investigated by measuring lipid peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extracts of Salicornia herbacea leaves showed strong antioxidative activities in linoleic acid methyl esters. Peroxide values (POV) were not significantly different among the samples treated with the different fractions; the incubation time required to reach a peroxide value of 80 meq/kg was about 40 hrs. However, control linoleic acid methyl esters had POV of more than 480 meq/kg after 40 hrs. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was much more effective than diethyl ether, n-butanol, chloroform and water fractions, with an $IC_{50}$/ of 279 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, but less effective than ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$/ : 67 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). The nitrite scavenging activities of all fractions increased as pH decreased. Among the fractions, nitrite scavenging activities of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions at pH 1.2 were highest at 59.0 and 56.2%, respectively. The diethyl ether fraction obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea loaves was the most effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase of all the solvent extracts at 84% inhibition for a 1 mg/mL concentration. These results suggest that Salicornia herbacea leaf extracts may be effective antioxidants, not only in food stability, but also in human health.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis Semen (JAS) extract exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in cerebral cortex. $Na^+-pump$ activity was estimated by measuring ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption. The oxygen consumption significantly inhibited by 1mM t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), which was prevented by addition of 2% JAS extract. The oxygen consumption was increased by an increase in $Na^+$ concentration from 5 to 100 mM, $K^+$ concentration from 0.5 to 10 mM, and $Mg^{2+}$ concentration from 0.2 to 5 mM. These changes in ion concentrations did not affect the inhibitory effect of tBHP and protective action of JAS on oxygen consumption. tBHP (l mM) produced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex, which was prevented by 2% JAS extraction. These results suggest that JAS exerts protective effect against tBHP-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in the cerebral cortex, probably through action as antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2005

Endothelium, particularly pulmonary endothelium, is predisposed to injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives. Heme oxygenase (HO) has been demonstrated to provide cytoprotective effects in models of oxidant-induced cellular and tissue injuries. In the present study, we investigated the effects of YS 49 against oxidant [tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH)]-induced injury using cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAECs). The viability of SPAECs was determined by quantifying reduction of a fluorogenic indicator Alamar blue. We found that TBH decreased cell viability in a timeand concentration-dependent manner. YS 49 concentration- and time-dependently increased HO-1 induction on SPAECs. As expected, YS 49 significantly decreased the TBH-induced cellular injury. In the presence of zinc protophorphyrin, HO-1 inhibitor, effect of YS 49 was significantly inhibited, indicating that HO-1 plays a protective role for YS 49. Furthermore, YS 49 showed free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. However, YS 49 did not inhibit apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in SPAECs. Taken together, HO-1 induction along with strong antioxidant action of YS 49 may be responsible for inhibition of TBH-induced injury in SPAECs.