• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.646-650
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• 2001

In this study, we investigated the thermotropic behavior of Daucus carota L. (DCS) extracts in phosphatidylcholine(PC) liposomes using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (nano-DSC). We used dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers which made most stable liposomes among the other phosphatidylcholine. The sample DCS was extracted and fractionated to four different types, hexane(DCSMH), ethylacetate (DCSMEA), butanol (DCSMB) and aqueous(DCSMA) fractions. Compared to the other fractions of Daucus carota L., the DCSMH and DCSMEA fractions markedly affected the thermotropic properties of DPPC liposomes, broadened and shifted the thermograms of transition to lower temperatures. The incorporation of DCSMH and DCSMEA in DPPC liposomes were preferentially located in the hydrophobic core of DPPC bilayers, where it reduced the lipid packing orderness (cooperative unit) in the gel state compared to it in the liquid-crystalline state. These results suggest that the activities of the Daucus carota L. extracts to enhance the fluidity of the liposomal membrane have implication in their biological activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.465-482
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• 2021

Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on the motility, mitochondrial integrity, acrosome integrity rate, and antioxidant ability of sheep sperm after preservation at 4℃. Methods: Semen from healthy adult rams were collected and divided into four groups with separate addition of 0, 200, 400, and 1,000 mg/L CPP. Sperm motility was analyzed using the Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis software after preservation at 4℃ for 24, 72, 120, and 168 h. Sperm acrosome integrity rate was analyzed by Giemsa staining at 24, 72, and 120 h, and mitochondrial membrane integrity was analyzed by Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of spermatozoa were measured after 120 h of preservation. Results: The sperm viability and forward-moving sperm under 200 mg/L CPP were significantly higher than that in the control group at 72 h (61.28%±3.89% vs 52.83%±0.70%, 51.53%±4.06% vs 42.84%±1.14%), and 168 h (47.21%±0.85% vs 41.43%±0.37%, 38.68%±0.87% vs 31.68%±0.89%). The percentage of fast-moving sperm (15.03%±1.10% vs 11.39%±1.03%) and slow-moving sperm (23.63%±0.76% vs 20.29%±1.11%) in the 200 mg/L group was significantly higher than control group at 168 h. The mitochondrial membrane integrity of the sperm in the group with 200 mg/L CPP was significantly higher than those in the control group after storage at 4℃ for 120 h (74.76%±2.54% vs 65.67%±4.51%, p<0.05). The acrosome integrity rate in the group with 200 mg/L (87.66%±1.26%) and 400 mg/L (84.00%±2.95%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (80.65%±0.16%) after storage for 24 h (p<0.05). CPP also increased T-AOC and decreased the MDA concentration after preservation at 4℃ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Adding CPP could improve the T-AOC of sperm, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and facilitate semen preservation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.220-226
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• 1996

To investigate the effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on breast cancer cell growth, estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were cultured serum-free DMEM media containing 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of differnet kinds of fatty acids; linoleic acid(LA), arachidonic acid(AA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid acid(DHA) and 1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5and 1.0ng/ml 17$\beta$-estradiol as well as 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/mi insulin and 1.25 mg/ml delipidized bovine serum albumin for 3 days. Cell growth monitored by MTT assay was lower in DHA and EPA treatments as compared to LA treatment, but not with AA treatment. Estrogen concentrations at which cell growth was initially stimulated were 0.1ng/ml for LA and DHA treatments and 0.2ng/ml for EPA and AA treatments, but the degree of stimulation was 25~30% lower in DHA and EPA treatments than in LA treatment. Fatty acid analysis showed that each fatty acid in culture medium was well incoporated into celluar lipid. Protein kinase C activity of cells was most elevated in LA treatment from 2 to 8 hours of culture followed by DHA, EPA, and AA treatments. It is concluded that inhibitions of n-3 DHA and EPA on breast cancer cell growth as compard with n-6 LA is mediated via changes in membrane fatty acid composition reducing estrogen sensitivity and increasing protein kinase C activity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 2004

Background: CD27 is recently known as a memory B cell marker and is mainly expressed in activated T cells, some B cell population and NK cells. CD27 is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Like CD40 molecule, CD27 has (P/S/T/A) X(Q/E)E motif for interacting with TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), and TRAF2 and TRAF5 bindings to CD27 in 293T cells were reported. Methods: To investigate the CD27 signaling effect in B cells, human CD40 extracellular domain containing mouse CD27 cytoplamic domain construct (hCD40-mCD27) was transfected into mouse B cell line CH12.LX and M12.4.1. Results: Through the stimulation of hCD40-mCD27 molecule via anti-human CD40 antibody or CD154 ligation, expression of CD11a, CD23, CD54, CD70 and CD80 were increased and secretion of IgM was induced, which were comparable to the effect of CD40 stimulation. TRAF2 and TRAF3 were recruited into lipid-enriched membrane raft and were bound to CD27 in M12.4.1 cells. CD27 stimulation, however, did not increase TRAF2 or TRAF3 degradation. Conclusion: In contrast to CD40 signaling pathway, TRAF2 and TRAF3 degradation was not observed after CD27 stimulation and it might contribute to prolonged B cell activation through CD27 signaling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2004

Objective : This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased NO and iNOS generation in C6-glioma and RAW 264.7 cells in our lab. Methods : C6-glioma cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 with FBS 10% in CO2 incubator. To study the protective effects of moxi-tar, we observed cell viability, DPPH activity, SOD activity, catalase activity and cell morphology after injury with $H_2O_2$. Results and Conclusions : Moxi-tar increased cell viability about twice as much as that of being injury by $H_2O_2$(moxi-tar $40{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $H_2O_2$ $500{\mu}M$). And the results of free radical scavenger activity($80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $78.91{\pm}4.4%$), SOD activity and catalase activity($80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : 21.6unit/mg protein) were increased by moxi-tar as dose-dependent manner. So we concluded that the effects of moxibustion which is played important role in Oriental medicine, might be free radical scavenger effects induced by moxi-tar. Conclusion : These results indicate that tBHP induces apoptosis through a lipid peroxidation-dependent mechanism and JS exerts the protective effect against the apoptosis by preventing peroxidation of membrane lipids.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.114-119
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• 2013

Potassium is essential for the proper functioning of the ears. The inner ear's endolymph differs from all other extracellular fluids (in its positive potential) and in the ionic compositions in the various parts of the endolymphatic space. Ion concentration of the endolymph is 150 mM of potassium, which is comparable to the concentrations in other organs. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II: CDDP) is one of the most effective anticancer drugs, widely used against various tumors. However, its clinical use is limited by the onset of severe side effects, including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. For ototoxicity, a number of evidences in cytotoxic mechanism of cisplatin, including perturbation of redox status, increase in lipid peroxydation, and formation of DNA adduct, have been suggested. Therefore, in this study, the author investigated the relationship between the potassium ions on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). KCNE1 gene expression by the concentration of intracellular potassium appeared in the plasma membrane and increased the concentration of intracellular potassium. Cisplatin decreased the viability of HEI-OC1 cells, but the KCNE1 gene increased. Also, the KCNE1 gene significantly suppressed generation of intracellular ROS by cisplatin. Western blot analysis showed that the KCNE1 gene increased phase II detoxification enzymes markers such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase (SOD2), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductases (NQO1), which were associated with the scavenger of ROS. These results suggest that the KCNE1 gene for intracellular potassium concentration ultimately prevents ROS generation from cisplatin and further contributes to protect auditory sensory hair cells from ROS produced by cisplatin.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2006

In the present study we studied the growth, photosynthetic traits and protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the primary loaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings with or without UV-B treatment. Cucumber seedings were irradiated with UV-B for 10 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The primary leaves irradiated with UV-B showed reduction in leaf length and decreased biomass production. The reduced biomass production seemed to be due to a negative effect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic process. Changes in chemical properties of leaf, such as chi a/b ratio affected photosynthesis. UV-B significantly affected chl b content compared with chi a in the light harvesting complex resulting reduced photosynthetic activity Fv/Fm decreased with an UV-B stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus, and particularly, PS II was damaged under UV-B stress. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration which represents the state of membrane lipid peroxidation Increased significantly under UV-B stress confirming an oxidative stress. UV-B exposure with SA solution(0.1-1.0 mM) can partially ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of UV-B stress. Leaf injuries including loss of chlorophyll and decreased ratio of Fv/Fm were reduced with combined application of UV-B and SA. ABA and JA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on photosynthetic activities though the levels were lower than those from SA treated plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was also affected by UV-B exposure. The thickness of leaf tissue components decreased and the number of grana and thylakoids was reduced in chloroplast applied UV-B or SA alone. At combined stress granal and stromal thylakoids were less affected. The leaves under combined stress acquired a significant tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results, it can be suggested that SA may have involved a protective role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1996

After high-dose irradiation(8 Gy). the viability of lymphocyte with a prior low-dose irradiation was 3.7-fold higher than that without a prior low-dose irradiation The viability could be increased by the reduction of oxygen radicals or the removal of damaged molecules-DNA, protein. lipid membrane. or the removal of damaged cells. In this paper. we studied the radioresistance mechanism in lymphocytes and lymphoma cells by examining the activities of radical scavengers(catalase. peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), and a radical protector(glutathione). Different enzymes were induced in lymphocyte and lymphoma with low-dose irradiation. The activity of peroxidase increased most(133.3%) in lymphoma while the enzymes increased most in lymphocyte were superoxide dismutase (138.5%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (122.4%) and glutathione(120.8%). The activities of these enzymes were highest when the interval was 7 hours between low-dose and high-dose irradiation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2008

Lipophilic ammonia is toxic gas and can easily diffuse across cell membranes. Excess ammonia is implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic disorders including hepatic encephalopathy and may result in the death. The purpose of this study was to clarify the inhibition effect of metronidazole on liver cell damage due to ammonia in human Hep G2 cell and rat hepatocytes. The effects of metronidazole were studied in ammonium chloride treated human Hep G2 cell (75 mM) and rat hepatocyte (100 mM) following $0.1{\mu}M$ metronidazole treatment. In MTZ+AC group, cell viabilities increased prominently and LDH activities decreased over 25% than AC group. Furthermore, ammonia level according to ammonium chloride treatment reduced over 30% and lipid peroxidation as an index of cell membrane damage decreased more than twice. By comparison with control, catalase activity showed more than 30% reduction in AC group while less than 10% reduction in MTZ+AC group, respectively. In addition, MTZ+AC group showed the similar cell structure as control in cell morphology study by using light microscope, and represented fluorescent intensity decrement compared with AC group in fluorescent microscopic study with avidin-TRITC fluorescent dye. And cleaved PARP expression due to ammonia reduced twofold or more in MTZ+AC group. As the results suggest, metronidazole may protect the liver cell by inhibiting cell damages due to ammonia and be used for an effective antagonist of ammonia in hyperammonemia.