• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2012

Recently, interest in wooden construction have been growing by increasing needs and demands for eco-friendly and traditional wooden building(Hanok). Especially, Hanok has the technical development in manufacturing the mortise-tenon joint without fasteners(precut), so it could be called to modernization, industrialization and popularization. But the structural design and analysis of the structure were not regulated and had the difficulty to consider the variation of wooden member and to conduct the difficulty in the structural analysis and the design of the joint. In this study, the stiffness ratio of wooden mortise and tenon joint was evaluated according to the vertical loading, lintel and loading speed. The joint was distinguished in semi-rigid joint regardless of their factors. The stiffness ratio was 0.40 in vertical loading, 0.50 without vertical loading and 0.44 in horizontal loading with high speed. This study would be utilized to the structural analysis and design with structural analysis and design program.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Korean traditional houses have been developed in harmony with natural environment and comfortable indoor condition by using the natural resources including building layout, space composition and materials. Originally Korea traditional architectures have used wood lintel constructions and loess walls through the many years. Theses loess have many strength such as highly heat capacity, controling of humidity, a deodorant than any other materials. Nowaday it is recommended to use exterior and interior walls in loess wall to meet the eco-friendly materials to improve our residental environmental. Thus this study aims to research the sound insulation performance of traditional loess brick wall varied with thickness, thermal insulation materials and cavity wall. The sound insulation performance of these loess walls are compared with other masonry wall's and sound insulation performance of th walls were tested in anechoic laboratory to measure the sound transmission loss of these walls. The loess brick wall with 75mm thickness of cavity is shown the sound insulation performance with Rw 57 which is nearly same performances of 1B brick wall and cement 8' block wall, The improving effect of insulation materials is shown in the high frequency bandwidth. Especially, there is improving as much as 11 dB using the extruded poly stylene form(75mm) and poly ethylene film(0.7mm).

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

The result of the previous work leads to the idea that the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator should be minimized for the cooling tower with higher first natural frequency. In this study the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator was graphically established under varying height of the throat and angle of the base lintel. From the graph, several shell geometries were selected and analysed in the aspect of the natural frequency. Three representative towers reinforced differently due to different first natural frequencies were analysed non-linearly and evaluated using a damage indicator based on the change of natural frequencies. The results demonstrated that the damage behaviour of the tower reinforced higher due to a lower first natural frequency was not necessarily advantageous than the others.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

This paper is aimed to clarify field technique of non-educated constructors in timber structure of korean-style secondary station(Gong-So) on the annex of catholic church. The main object of this study is Sin-Sung and Su-Bun secondary stations which post-lintel structure was 2high columns(Go-Ju) 5beams(Ryang) in Jeon-Buk area of Korea. We reached the following conclusion. Firstly, these secondary stations are required a lots of space for number of persons with the introduction of basilica plane. These plans have different intervals in the layout. Secondly, they constructed the holy space by using high columns(Nae-Jin-Go-Ju). The former problems of plan layout are sloved by reinforcement and replacement eaves and rafter of logitudinal. Thirdly, the elements showed the natural feature such as irregular wooden floor, arch-type head pentrating tie and a ceiling. In the end, we knew that non-educated constructor had found a way in the problem for accepting unreasonable work.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2021

The Sacheonwangsa temple was established in 670 under the leadership of Myeongnyang in response to the invasion of the Tang Dynasty. At this time, Geumdang hall stylobate was constructed, which was about 30% smaller than the reconstruction. Due to the wartime situation, the construction of wooden buildings did not seem to have been achieved. The Sacheonwangsa temple was reconstructed in 679 as a symbol of the Hoguk(護國) temple. The size of the Geumdang Hall stylobate was planned as an important module for the entire temple. The stylobate fasad was designed at intervals of Tangju(撑柱), just like the JuKhan(柱間) plan of wooden architecture. There is a possibility that eight Devas may have been decorated in Front fasad. When the Sacheonwangsa Temple was rebuilt, the Geumdang Hall was added by the ChayangKhan(遮陽間) and an Ikrang(翼廊) was installed next to it. These changes affect the material and form of the stylobate. It was changed to a durable stone post-lintel style stylobate and the intervals of Tangju(撑柱) in Front fasad was also adjusted. As the highest-quality stylobate in East Asia at the time, the Geumdang Hall stylobate is considered to have taken Silla's architectural skills to the next level.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The modern town houses in Philippines has been changed through Spanish colonization over 300years and American military administration in 20C. Especially Cebu, the first contemporary capital of colonized Philippines by Spain, has various cultural characteristics and historical remains including old houses. By the economy condition in Cebu growing up, Bahay na bato, stone and wood house, has been settled for the elite or middle class of Cebu around 19C influenced by Spanish or Europe and Philippines native house called bahay kubo. Bahay na bato shows a common features, as revealed in this study, which all of them has a two stories with cut stone curtain wall and wooden beam and lintel, fronting the main street by approaching directly from street. And spatial separating also shown by setting living space to upper level instead of using storage or entrance hall called zaguan in lower level. Bahay na bato studied here shows a particular appearances in elevation, having volada and elaborate geometric or floral window pattern, also playing a role for ventilation with vetanilas below volada and main window in section. They have a rectangular plan with caida, sala, comedo, azotea almost similar to Spanish and ealier colonial Mexico style mixed with Philippines traditional style showing the strong spatial separation functionally and space wideness for party occasionally.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyse the architectural character of JE-DAMG at farm village in Ulsan. JE-DANG means the building for DONG-JE (the sacrificial rite of a village). The regions of this study are KANG-DONG MYEN, and UNG-CHON MYEN in Ulsan. The method of this study is the analysis of them after the actual field surveys of 47 JE-DANGs in these regions The survey contains the area, the height, the period of the erection, the architectural structure, the roof shape, the material, the landowner, SHIN-CHE (means a god's name and shape), DANG-SU tree and so on. Methods of the survey are the field survey, the interview of villager, the analysis of reference data and so on. Results of the study are below. JE-DANGs(buildings) of these regions had been built first in the period of Japanese occupancy and erections of them had continued until 1970's. Since then, they have been rebuilt. The primary JE-DANG is characterized by a tiled roof, a wooden post lintel, a mud-plastered wall, and a wooden door. After rebuilding, characters are a flat slab, a tiled roof, a structure of using red bricks, and the area is getting larger than the primary JE-DANG, but 1 KAN persists without variety. Most of houses in the inland area like UNG-CHON MYEN face the south, and ones in the coastal area like KANG-BONG MYEN face the east. Generally there is DANG-SU tree behind JE-DANG. That proves DANG-SU tree to be the object of the rite. The species of DANG-SU is a pine in general ,but various in UNG-CHON MYEN. In general names of the god are DONG-SHIN , DANG-SAN SHIN and SUNG-HWANG SHIN. I think that the landownership of JE-DANG should change the private ownership into the village ownership to preserve JE-DANG though most of lands of JE-DANG are private ones.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1983

고층건물에서의 전단벽(剪斷壁)은 횡하중을 지지(支持)하기 위해서 설치되는 구조물이다. 이 전단벽(剪斷壁)의 단면의 형태는 여러 가지 형태가 있을 수 있는데 개방단면을 갖게 되는 경우 이 부재는 비틀림에 약하기 때문에 이 점이 문제가 된다. 특히 그 구조물이 thin walled member인 경우는 더욱 그러하다. 최근에는 건물이 점점 고층화됨에 따라 이 문제는 더욱더 중요(重要)시 되어 보다 정확한 지식이 요구(要求)되고 있다. 본 논문(論文)에서는 고층건물에 설치되는 에리베이터 츄브가 전단벽 역할을 하는 경우로 단면의 형태는 channel형이고, 각 층마다 중방(中枋)(connecting beam)에 의해서 개방단면의 일부가 닫혀있게 되는 경우의 문제를 택하였다. 이를 해석(解析)하는데 복잡한 계산과 많은 계산량을 줄이고 적용에 대한 융통성을 부여하기 위해서 discrete 방법(方法)과 transfer matrix method을 사용(使用)하였다. 중방(中枋)의 영향을 고려함에 있어서는 중방(中枋)의 강도가 클 때나 적을 때나 합리적(合理的)으로 사용할 수 있는 식(式)을 적용하였다. 특히 이 방법(方法)은 불규칙한 변단면에도 쉽게 적용할 수 있을뿐만 아니라 여러 가지 하중조건에 대한 해를 일일이 구할 필요가 없으며, 형성되는 transfer matrix의 크기가 $4{\times}4$ 밖에 안되므로 쉽게 구할 수 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라의 귀중한 문회유산인 성덕대왕 신종의 종각 복원을 위하여 신종에 대한 역사적 고찰과 문헌을 통한 자료조사와 더불어 음향적 특성에 대한 연구결과를 정리하였다. 전통적인 한국종과 신종의 음향적 특성을 고려할 때 성덕대왕 신종을 위한 종각의 모형은 다음과 같이 제안한다. 첫째, 종각은 종의 아래 움통구조를 가지고 있으며 둘째, 종의 고유진동수가 64 Hz대와 168 Hz에 분포되어 있음으로 인하여 저주파수대역의 흡음이 많은 판재보다는 기둥과 보와 같은 각재 및 선재로 종각의 구조가 이루어 졌을 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 동시대의 종각구조를 감안할 때, 직달일광과 해풍의 영향을 줄이기 위하여 상방과 중방사이의 공간을 판재로 마감하는 형태도 제안되었으며 넷째, 종의 무게와 크기를 고려하여 전통적으로 종각에 일반적으로 많이 쓰이는 3칸이나 5칸의 홀수칸으로 된 정사각형 형태를 제안하였다. 마지막으로 다섯째, 지붕은 팔작지붕의 형태가 가장 원형에 근접하리라 판단된다.