• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.143-154
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced a design competition for Eunpyeng New Town District 2 in March of 2005. The authors collaborated on this design and won rot prize. Design guidelines of this competition were to make environmentally sustainable design, to develop as a resort site and cultural place for everyday life of residents, to link with green fabric of the district, and to elevate positive image and identity of Eunpyeng New Town district by creating a attractive landscape. The authors developed design concept and strategy within the guidelines and site conditions. The environmental setting of this site was characterized by mountain to the rear of the site with a stream passing through the district and the front of the site. This is the most important condition for the location principle of residence in Fung Shui theory. Therefore, the schema of the design was introduced by Fung Shui and Chi of place. To evolve design concept, we reinterpret the Fung Shui and Chi in the site combining with modem landscape design strategy, so that good place making could bring about well-being life of residents. By doing that, design concept of the proposal evolved as follows: 'fullness of comfortable life', 'adaptation of nature', 'inspiration of natural force'. This design approach is critical reevaluation of regional characters employing modem strategy. It is a conscious strategy of critical regionalism as distinguished from the traditional site oriented approach. The following are some of the major features in the design: green network and water recycle system in the site, promenade of forest with the experience nature, link to community core, theme gardens with plants having strong fragrances, terrace gardens with different level of housing type, playgrounds and resting places with many types, human scale facilities for residents.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.9-17
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• 2004

Adapt ive and fixed step size PC (power control) schemes for accommodating voice, video, and data are evaluated according to the different PC command rates and their effects on integrated Voice/Video/Data are investigated. The required minimum power levels are derived as PC thresholds and the effects of PC errors on channel quality and radio 1 ink capacity are investigated. The services with high bit rates and low bit error rates can cause a significant effect on the radio link qualifies of the other types of traffic. The results show that the adapt ive step size PC scheme for voice/video/data services can achieve more capacity and cause less interference to the radio channels because less minimum PIL(Power Increment Level) is required for the specified radio link outage probability.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 2017

The $4^{th}$ industrial revolution is a super connection society. It connects all things between things and things, PC and mobile phone, human and human and human and things. In Jeju island, 'Batdam' and 'Sandam' are conneted like 'black dragon ten thousand Li', and stone walls are connected to each other as the stone network, which is called as the 'Goendam' (and conventionally is told as the 'Goendang') and is related to the Family network. Also, IoT(Internet of Things) makes the connection between the stone network and people. The Jeju's fourth industrial revolution is a its testbed. 'Goendang' connection in 4G industrial revolution is shown to be important Node and Link in socially and mathematically. In this paper, we review the historical background of the Goendang and find combinations of stones on the various types of stone field using the algebraic geometry.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

Currently, technologies for industrialization and dissemination for Han-Ok are developed actively. Also BIM technologies are actively developed. However, it is difficult to find the research and study cases for construction method and process for Han-Ok. BIM is the technology for managing information with element as a unit for building design, construction and management, and it is closely related to Han-Ok using assembling method for building construction. We analyzed the basic construction processes for IK-Gong and MinDoRi house, typical types of Han-Ok. Also we developed the Work Breakdown Structure of construction process for Han-Ok and suggested the method for construction simulation using BIM. Simple BIM model of Han-Ok which is Ik-Gong type is used for case study. It was possible to link automatically between 3D elements objects and construction activities about 95% in the case study. More studies of construction method for various type of Han-Ok and rules for link between elements and construction activities are required for Industrialization and dissemination of Han-Ok.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 2019

As 'a total social fact,' drinks and drinking may serve as a lens through which we can view a distant society. Although not frequently discussed, drinking vessels serve the same function for accessing a past world hidden or forgotten behind written records. The present article is an art history attempt to seek a cultural link between liquor vessels used in medieval Korea and the political and social change of the period. The Goryeo period (918-1392) saw an unprecedented abundance of drinking vessels in various forms and decorations. Goryeo artisans and craftsmen produced ewers, pitchers, flasks, bottles, and others in addition to the pre-existing shapes of vessels mainly consisting of jars and bowls. I argue that this sudden burst of creativity during the Goryeo period was closely related to Goryeo's constant and diverse contacts with foreign powers. Their zone of international connections was not confined to the Chinese world, as we have commonly presumed. Even before the Mongol intervention, Goryeo was in contact with regions beyond East Asia through the northern nomadic states. Khitan Liao was recorded as having worked as a kind of international intermediary to link the Chinese and Islamic worlds. This medieval global culture became a norm in Goryeo society when it became an important part of the Mongol Empire. These nomadic powers brought global trends to Goryeo, and foreign drinks were among them; kumis, araq, and grape wines are just three cases of them discussed in this article. The change of alcoholic drinks led to, or was accompanied by, a new range of drinking vessels. Three types of ewers, familiar to East Asian consumers but foreign in their origin, are discussed in the main text to highlight such social change. Three more cases of drinking cups are also presented. The article shows that medieval Korean society was far more open to international art and culture than our usual understanding, and in their drinking vessels, Goryeo culture embraced global trends reaching China, the Islamic world and Europe.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 1973

The self supported film specimen of Wyoming montmorillonite as a layer silicate saturated by cations,$Li^{+},\;Na^{+},\;K^{+},\;Ca^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Al^{3+}$and$F^{3+}$ were allowed to contact acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone within the heatable gas cell. The i.r. spectra between $4000{\sim}1200cm^{-1}$ at different pressures of adsorbates indicated bond formation through carbonyl oxygen. Two types of carbonyl bond shift with maxima at $1713cm^{-1}$ and $1690cm^{-1}$ are attributed as coordinate bond formation of carbonyl with either surface hydroxyl or cationic hydroxyl group. The intensity of the vOH was analyzed and resonance form of cationic hydroxyl was proposed as an adsorption site. The tendency to form coordinate bond was in good agreement with calculated formal charge of carbonyl oxygen in an increasing order, acetone < methyl-ethyl ketone < diethyl ketone. As an additional mechanism of adsorption, weak hydrogen bonding of methyl hydrogen with surface oxygen was observed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

Calibrating toll roads of highway networks needs additional weights within volume delay functions not like other general highway lints. However, current methods assigning additional weights in the volume delay function of toll roads are not sufficiently enough to predict real toll road volumes measured, since it does not consider discounting rates and an extra charges. This study develops methods to improve relevant and reliable volume delay functions. Suggested ideas include a method of weighting volume delay functions considering a value of time of vehicle types, a method of weighting volume delay functions considering lane distributions of vehicles, and a method of weighting volume delay functions considering percentages of link lengths per a number of lanes of toll roads. It is found that the method of weighting volume delay functions considering lane distributions of vehicles show most reliable and appropriate results, while the first method shows overestimation and the third method does underestimation of highway link volumes. In terms of assignment methods, total OD equilibrium assignment shows better results than PCU based assignment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.10-17
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• 2012

This study classifies the fire suppression measures implemented by wooden temples into four types according to availability of the pump trucks (water tanks) at the fire sites. And this study outlines the strategies and methods based on each type of fire suppression measure. The results show that the fire suppression strategy applied in general buildings is also employed in temples where pump trucks (water tanks) and fire-fighting water are available. For temples where trucks and water are not available, the helicopter, water bag, fire suppression strategy focused on water supply link, automatic transmission system of a fire engine's level by using radio communication network, and water bladder are used. In addition, general four-wheel-drive vehicles equipped with fire fighting tools such as motor pump, hose, nozzle, and water bladder should be deployed in fire stations around the temples. A fire suppression strategy using A-type ladders is also required.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2014

Objectives: Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) surface treatment of fiber posts has been reported to increase bond strength of fiber posts to resin cements. However, residual oxygen radicals might jeopardize the bonding procedure. This study examined the effect of three antioxidant agents on the bond strength of fiber posts to conventional and self-adhesive resin cements. Materials and Methods: Post spaces were prepared in forty human maxillary second premolars. Posts were divided into five groups of 8 each: G1 (control), no pre-treatment; G2, 10% $H_2O_2$ pre-treatment; G3, G4 and G5. After $H_2O_2$ application, Hesperidin (HES), Sodium Ascorbate (SA) or Rosmarinic acid (RA) was applied on each group respectively. In each group four posts were cemented with Duo-Link conventional resin cement and the others with self-adhesive BisCem cement. Push-out test was performed and data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and tukey's post-hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between the cement type and post surface treatment on push-out bond strength of fiber posts (p < 0.001, F = 16). Also it was shown that different posts' surface treatments significantly affect the push-out bond strength of fiber posts (p = 0.001). $H_2O_2$ treated posts (G2) and control posts (G1) cemented with Duo-link showed the highest ($15.96{\pm}5.07MPa$) and lowest bond strengths ($6.79{\pm}3.94$) respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that $H_2O_2$ surface treatment might enhance the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional resin cements. The effect of antioxidants as post's surface treatment agents depends on the characteristics of resin cements used for bonding procedure.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.452-462
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• 2023

Opportunistic infections due to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes continue to rise unabated among HIV/AIDS patients, despite improved antifungal therapies. Here, we collected a total of 20 environmental and 25 presumptive clinical cryptococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 175 patients enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial Ambition 1 Project (Botswana-Harvard Partnership). Identity confirmation of the isolates was done using MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. We describe the diversity of the isolates by PCR fingerprinting and sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technology) of the intergenic spacer region. Mating types of the isolates were determined by amplification of the MAT locus. We report an unusual prevalence of 42.1% of C. neoformans × C. deneoformans hybrids Serotype AD (n = 16), followed by 39.5% of C. neoformans Serotype A (n = 15), 5.3% of C. deneoformans, Serotype D (n = 2), 7.9% of C. gattii (n = 3), and 5.3% of C. tetragattii (n = 2) in 38 representative isolates that have been characterized. Mating type-specific PCR performed on 38 representative environmental and clinical isolates revealed that 16 (42.1%) were MATa/MAT𝛼 hybrids, 17 (44.7%) were MAT𝛼, and five (13.2%) possessed MATa mating type. We used conventional and NGS platforms to demonstrate a potential link between environmental and clinical isolates and lay a foundation to further describe mating patterns/history in Botswana.