• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3675-3684
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• 2021

Human reliability analysis (HRA) is a proactive approach to model and evaluate human systematic errors, and has been extensively applied in various complicated systems. Dependence assessment among human errors plays a key role in the HRA, which relies heavily on the knowledge and experience of experts in real-world cases. Moreover, there are ofthen different types of uncertainty when experts use linguistic labels to evaluate the dependencies between human failure events. In this context, this paper aims to develop a new method based on linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets and the technique for human error rate prediction (THERP) technique to manage the dependence in HRA. This method handles the linguistic assessments given by experts according to the linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets, determines the weights of influential factors by an extended best-worst method, and confirms the degree of dependence between successive actions based on the THERP method. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the presented linguistic hesitant fuzzy THERP method are demonstrated through an empirical healthcare dependence analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.504-512
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate language society cultural aspects in a community, examining and comparing linguistic errors of English signboards (ES) at home and abroad. The data comprised the ES in 5 cities, Korea and in Paris, France. The findings showed that the errors of the ES in Korea reached to 39.2%, whereas those in Paris contained 24.7%. In Korea, ES and errors were the most in Myeong-dong area. In Paris, the most ES were in the area of Eiffel Tower, but the most linguistic errors appeared at the 3, 4 districts of Marais. Those errors belonged to most in the business of drink, food, and clothes in turn in Korea, while this was the case in the field of clothes, food, and culture in Paris. The frequent errors were classified into semantic, morphologic, and syntactic aspects in turn. The regulations on signboards of foreign languages existed but were not abided by in the both countries. Thus, more practical and reasonable devices and policies are required to establish a more harmonious atmosphere of the ES.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.541-548
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• 2016

The use of social media is already essential as a source of information for listening user's various opinions and monitoring. We define social 'risks' that issues effect negative influences for public opinion in social media. This paper aims to discriminate various linguistic features and reveal their effects for building an automatic classification model of social risks. Expecially we adopt a word embedding technique for representation of linguistic clues in risk sentences. As a preliminary experiment to analyze characteristics of individual features, we revise errors in automatic linguistic analysis. At the result, the most important feature is NE (Named Entity) information and the best condition is when combine basic linguistic features. word embedding, and word clusters within core predicates. Experimental results under the real situation in social bigdata - including linguistic analysis errors - show 92.08% and 85.84% in precision respectively for frequent risk categories set and full test set.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-135
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• 2002

An annotation model of a non-native speech database has been devised, wherein English is the target language and Korean is the native language. The proposed annotation model features overt transcription of predictable linguistic information in native speech by the dictionary entry and several predefined types of error specification found in native language transfer. The proposed model is, in that sense, different from other previously explored annotation models in the literature, most of which are based on native speech. The validity of the newly proposed model is revealed in its consistent annotation of 1) salient linguistic features of English, 2) contrastive linguistic features of English and Korean, 3) actual errors reported in the literature, and 4) the newly collected data in this study. The annotation method in this model adopts the widely accepted conventions, Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) and the TOnes and Break Indices (ToBI). In the proposed annotation model, SAMPA is exclusively employed for segmental transcription and ToBI for prosodic transcription. The annotation of non-native speech is used to assess speaking ability for English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-88
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• 1981

Many studies have been done in the field of fuzzy logic theory, but it's application is not so much, and particularly, there isn't any application to the ship's steering system, until now. This paper is to survey the effect of application of fuzzy logic control to the ship's steering system. The controller is made up of a set of Linguistic Control Rules which are conditional linguistic statements connecting the inputs and the output, and take the inputs derived from the errors, that is, deviation angle and it's angular velocity. These two variables together give information about the state of the steering system, and the Linguistic Control Rules are implemented on the digital computer. The characteristics of this system were investigated through the computer simulation and satisfactory results compared with that of the conventional PD controller were obtained.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2001

One of the areas of second language acquisition that enjoyed popularity in recent years is interlanguage pragmatics. The main reason for this popularity lies in the critical role of pragmatic competence in appropriate use of a target language. The aim of this paper was to examine L2 learners' pragmatic behavior in their speech act performance and determine main sources causing pragmatic difficulty. Four major sources of pragmatic errors were identified: linguistic proficiency, L1 transfer, waffling and teaching activities. Each source was discussed with empirical evidence in some detail, and teaching suggestions were provided for developing learners' pragmatic competence in EFL classrooms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.3 s.75
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• pp.137-142
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• 2006

Quantification of error possibility, in an HRA process, should be performed so that the result of the qualitative analysis can be utilized in other areas in conjunction with overall safety estimation results. And also, the quantification is an essential process to analyze the error possibility in detail and to obtain countermeasures for the errors through screening procedures. In previous studies for the quantification of error possibility, nominal values were assigned by the experts' judgements and utilized as corresponding probabilities. The values assigned by experts' experiences and judgements, however, require verifications on their reliability. In this study, the validity of new error possibility values in new MCR design was verified by using the Onisawa's model which utilizes fuzzy linguistic values to estimate human error probabilities. With the model of error probabilities are represented as analyst's estimations and natural language expression instead of numerical values. As results, the experts' estimation values about error probabilities are well agreed to the existing error probability estimation model. Thus, it was concluded that the occurrence probabilities of errors derived from the human error analysis process can be assessed by nominal values suggested in the previous studies. It is also expected that our analysis method can supplement the conventional HRA method because the nominal values are based on the consideration of various influencing factors such as PSFs.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.165-196
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• 2010

The primary goal of this paper is to propose methods of enriching two heterogeneous ontologies: Sejong Semantic Classes (SJSC) and KorLexNoun 1.5 (KLN). In order to achieve this goal, this study introduces the pros and cons of two ontologies, and analyzes the error patterns found during the fine-grained manual mapping processes between them. Error patterns can be classified into four types: (1) structural defectives involved in node branching, (2) errors in assigning the semantic classes, (3) deficiency in providing linguistic information, and (4) lack of the lexical units representing specific concepts. According to these error patterns, we propose different solutions in order to correct the node branching defectives and the semantic class assignment, to complement the deficiency of linguistic information, and to increase the number of lexical units suitably allotted to their corresponding concepts. Using the results of this study, we can obtain more enriched ontologies by correcting the defects and errors in each ontology, which will lead to the enhancement of practicality for syntactic and semantic analysis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

The perceptual assimilation of a nonnative phonological contrast can change with linguistic experience, resulting in naïve listeners and novice second language (L2) learners potentially assimilating the members of a nonnative contrast to different native (L1) categories. While it has been shown that this sort of change can affect the discrimination of the nonnative contrast, it has not been tested whether such a change could have consequences for the production of the contrast. In this study, L1 speakers of Mandarin Chinese who were (1) naïve to Korean, (2) novice L2 learners, or (3) advanced L2 learners participated in a Korean non-word repetition task using word-initial sibilants. The initial CVs of their repetitions were then played to L1 Korean listeners who categorized the initial consonant. The naïve talkers were more likely to repeat an initial /s^ha/ as an affricate, whereas the L2 learners repeated it as a fricative, in line with how these listeners have been shown to assimilate Korean sibilants to Mandarin categories. This result suggests that errors in the production of new words presented auditorily to nonnative listeners may be driven by how they perceptually assimilate the nonnative sounds, emphasizing the need to better understand what drives changes in perceptual assimilation that accompany increased linguistic experience.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.267-281
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• 2004

Many students feel the word problems are very difficult. This study analyzes the linguistic and cognitive factors that affect word problem solving so that we help students bring through the difficulty. There are a text base, a situation model, and a real world in the linguistic aspects. Students have a difficulty at the transition from text base to situation model(equation), and make lots of errors at the situation model. In the cognitive aspects, I investigated problem solving schemes, strategies, and complexity level. Students are likely to choose strategy by the contents which teacher instructed, but not by low complexity level, and mix up the amount of sugar and sugar water, and concentration. We can recognize how complex the types of word problems are to solve, which strategies students choose largely, and what errors that students make in the problem solving are.