• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.517-532
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• 2000

A direct output feedback control scheme was recently proposed by the authors for single-story building structures resting on flexible soil body. In this paper, the control scheme is extended to mitigate the seismic responses of multi-story buildings. Soil-structure interaction is taken into account in two parts: input at the soil-structure interface/foundation and control algorithm. The former reflects the effect on ground motions and is monitored in real time with accelerometers at foundation. The latter includes the effect on the dynamic characteristics of structures, which is formulated by modifying the classical linear quadratic regulator based on the fundamental mode shape of the soil-structure system. Numerical result on the study of a $\frac{1}{4}$-scale three-story structure, supported by a viscoelastic half-space of soil mass, have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is robust and very effective in suppressing the earthquake-induced vibration in building structures even supported on a flexible soil mass. Parametric studies are performed to understand how soil damping and flexibility affect the effectiveness of active tendon control. The selection of weighting matrix and effect of soil property uncertainty are investigated in detail for practical applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.633-645
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• 2022

The active tuned mass damper (ATMD) is an efficient and reliable structural control system for mitigating the dynamic response of structures. The inertial force that an ATMD exerts on a structure to attenuate its otherwise large kinetic energy and undesirable vibrations and displacements is proportional to its excursion. Achieving a balance between the inertial force and excursion requires a control law or feedback mechanism. This study presents a technique for the optimum design of a sliding mode controller (SMC) as the control law for ATMD-equipped structures subjected to earthquakes. The technique includes optimizing an SMC under an artificial earthquake followed by testing its performance under real earthquakes. The SMC of a real 11-story shear building is optimized to demonstrate the technique, and its performance in mitigating the displacements of the building under benchmark near- and far-fault earthquakes is compared against that of a few other techniques (proportional-integral-derivative [PID], linear-quadratic regulator [LQR], and fuzzy logic control [FLC]). Results indicate that the optimum SMC outperforms PID and LQR and exhibits performance comparable to that of FLC in reducing displacements.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

현재 국내에서 개발되어왔던 중형항공기 후보엔진인 터보팬 엔진의 성능해석과 성능최적화를 위한 제어기법을 연구하였다. 선행된 연구에서 동적모사 및 실시간 선형모사를 수행한 결과 지상 정지조건 하에서 70% 엔진로터 회전수에서 100% 엔진로터 회전수로 급상승하는 경우 고압터어빈 입구온도에서 오버슈트가 발생하여 제한온도인 3105 $^{\cire}R$ 을 넘어감을 확인할 수 있었다 또한 압축기의 서지여유도 협소하여 엔진에 손상을 가져올 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보다 빠른 가속성능과 함께 엔진 성능의 최적화를 위해 LQR 제어기를 설계하였다. 제어기의 설계를 위해서는 선형모델을 구성해야하며 엔진의 비선형 거동에 보다 근접한 선형화를 위해서는 실시간 선형모사가 요구된다. 선형모델에 필요한 행렬은 자동점에 %의 섭동을 주어 5% 간격으로 구하였으며, 최소자승법을 이용하여 저압 엔진로터 회전수의 함수로 보간하는 방법으로 실시간 선형모사를 수행하였다. 제어변수는 연료유량의 증가속도와 압축기 블리드 공기유량으로 하였으며, 제어 결과 고압 터빈입구온도의 오버슈트를 제거하였으며 최대 압축기 서지여유도 0.55 이하로 확보였다. 비연료소모율도 0.353에서 0.43으로 안정됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2015

Reportedly the fatality rate from secondary collision is six times higher than the average fatality rate from all traffic accidents. So prevention of the secondary collision is attracting significant attention from automotive industries. However, the secondary collision prevention systems that have been developed are not considering possibility of brake actuator failure that can occur by the impact during the initial collision. In this paper, a new system has been developed that could prevent secondary collision even in case of brake actuator failure by taking advantage of still operating actuators. In this system, a steering control is performed for maintaining a lane by using linear quadratic regulator. Additionally, the system attempts differential brake control with the remaining braking capability to stop the vehicle in the shortest distance. Through simulation in various collision scenarios, the system has demonstrated significant potential of preventing secondary collision that could otherwise have resulted in severe fatality.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.265-287
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• 2016

The change of the global performance of a turret-moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) with DP (Dynamic Positioning) control is simulated, analyzed, and compared for two different internal turret location cases; bow and midship. Both collinear and non-collinear 100-yr GOM (Gulf of Mexico) storm environments and three cases (mooring-only, with DP position control, with DP position+heading control) are considered. The horizontal trajectory, 6DOF (degree of freedom) motions, fairlead mooring and riser tension, and fuel consumptions are compared. The PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller based on LQR (linear quadratic regulator) theory and the thrust-allocation algorithm which is based on the penalty optimization theory are implemented in the fully-coupled time-domain hull-mooring-riser-DP simulation program. Both in collinear and non-collinear 100-yr WWC (wind-wave-current) environments, the advantage of mid-ship turret is demonstrated by the significant reduction in heave at the turret location due to the minimal coupling with pitch mode, which is beneficial to mooring and riser design. However, in the non-collinear WWC environment, the mid-turret case exhibits unfavorable weathervaning characteristics, which can be reduced by employing DP position and heading controls as demonstrated in the present case studies. The present study also reveals the plausible cause of the failure of mid-turret Gryphon Alpha FPSO in milder environment than its survival condition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2017

Vibration control using a tuned mass damper (TMD) is an effective technique that has been verified using analytical methods and experiments. It has been applied in mechanical, automotive, and structural applications. However, the damping of a TMD cannot be adjusted in real time. An excessive mass damper stroke may be introduced when the mass damper is subjected to a seismic excitation whose frequency content is within its operation range. The semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) has been proposed to solve this problem. The parameters of an SATMD can be adjusted in real time based on the measured structural responses and an appropriate control law. In this study, a stiffness-controllable TMD, called a leverage-type stiffness-controllable mass damper (LSCMD), is proposed and fabricated to verify its feasibility. The LSCMD contains a simple leverage mechanism and its stiffness can be altered by adjusting the pivot position. To determine the pivot position of the LSCMD in real time, a discrete-time direct output-feedback active control law that considers delay time is implemented. Moreover, an identification test for the transfer function of the pivot driving and control systems is proposed. The identification results demonstrate the target displacement can be achieved by the pivot displacement in 0-2 Hz range and the control delay time is about 0.1 s. A shaking-table test has been conducted to verify the theory and feasibility of the LSCMD. The comparisons of experimental and theoretical results of the LSCMD system show good consistency. It is shown that dynamic behavior of the LSCMD can be simulated correctly by the theoretical model and that the stiffness can be properly adjusted by the pivot position. Comparisons of experimental results of the LSCMD and passive TMD show the LSCMD with less demand on the mass damper stroke than that for the passive TMD.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2018

The present study investigates the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects on the seismic performance of smart base-isolated structures. The adopted control algorithm for tuning the control force plays a key role in successful implementation of such structures; however, in most studied carried out in the literature, these algorithms are designed without considering the SSI effect. Considering the SSI effects, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is employed to seismic control of a smart base-isolated structure. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to tune the gain matrix of the controller in both cases without and with SSI effects. In order to conduct a parametric study, three types of soil, three well-known earthquakes and a vast range of period of the superstructure are considered for assessment the SSI effects on seismic control process of the smart-base isolated structure. The adopted controller is able to make a significant reduction in base displacement. However, any attempt to decrease the maximum base displacement results in slight increasing in superstructure accelerations. The maximum and RMS base displacements of the smart base-isolated structures in the case of considering SSI effects are more than the corresponding responses in the case of ignoring SSI effects. Overall, it is also observed that the maximum and RMS base displacements of the structure are increased by increasing the natural period of the superstructure. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the maximum and RMS superstructure accelerations are significant influenced by the frequency content of earthquake excitations and the natural frequency of the superstructure. The results show that the design of the controller is very influenced by the SSI effects. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that the ignoring the SSI effect provides an unfavorable control system, which may lead to decline in the seismic performance of the smart-base isolated structure including the SSI effects.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2007

구조 재료와 시공기술의 발달로 구조물은 높고 길게 설계할 수 있게 되었으나, 그에 따른 진동문제와 사용성에 관한 문제가 발생하였고, 구조물의 과다한 변위는 구조물에 심각한 손상을 발생시켰다. 이러한 구조물의 진동 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 구조물의 상태벡터와 제어력만으로 구성된 훈련패턴을 기본으로 하여 인공신경망이론과 확률신경망이론을 사용하여 구조물의 진동을 능동제어하는 방법을 제안하였다. 구조물의 제어를 위해 LQR 제어알고리즘을 이용하여 구조물의 상태벡터와 제어력을 구한 후, 상태벡터를 입력으로 제어력을 출력으로 하는 인공신경망과 확률신경망의 훈련패턴을 구성하였다. 제안된 방법을 사용하여 Northridge 지진하중을 받는 3층 빌딩구조물을 제어하였고, 제안된 인공신경망과 확률신경망의 제어 결과를 비교하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

대형구조물의 진동감소를 위한 슬라이딩 모드 퍼지 제어기(Sliding Mode Fuzzy Control SMFC)에 대하여 연구하였다 본 제어기에 사용된 퍼지 추론기의 규칙은 비선형 제어기법의 하나인 슬라이딩 모드 제어기를 기반으로 하여 구성되었다 그결과 제어기의 퍼지성은 제어시스템을 시스템 계수의 불확실성과 구조물에 작용되는 외부하중의 불확실성에 대하여 강인한 성질은 갖게 하였으며 제어 규칙의 비선형성으로 인하여 제어기는 선형제어기에 비하여 보다 효율적인 되었다 복잡한 수학 해석에 기반한 종래의 제어기법에 비하여 퍼지 이론에 기반한 본 제어기법은 제어기의 설계절차가 매우 편리하다는 장점을 갖게 된다. 제안된 제어기법의 검증을 위하여 미국 토목학회 산하 구조제어위원회(ASCE Committee on Structural Control)에서 주도한 벤치마크 문제에 대하여 적용시켜 보았다 본 연구의 제어결과를 다른 연구자들에 의하여 발표된 {{{{ ETA _mixed _2$\infty$ }}, optimal polynomial control neural networks control 슬라이딩 모드 제어의 벤치마크 결과와 비교하였으며 그 결과 제안된 제어기법이 구조물의 진동을 매우 효율적으로 감소시키며 제어기의 설계절차가 쉽고 편리함을 확일 할 수 있었다.