• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2016

현재 전달망의 핵심기술은 링크 또는 노드 장애가 발생했을 경우에 경로 이중화를 통해 50ms이내에 망을 복구하는 OAM 및 보호절체 기술이다. 개별 통신사업자, 지방/중앙 정부, 중요 기업의 전달 망은 장애에 대한 실시간 망 복구를 위해 보호 서브네트워크를 개별적으로 설정, 관리되고 있다. 그래서 개별 보호 서브네트워크의 종단 노드에 대해 노드 이중화를 적용하여 종단 노드 장애에 대해 대비하는 것이 중요하다. 하지만 MPLS-TP, 캐리어 이더넷과 같은 패킷 전달망에서 선형 보호절체가 적용되는 보호 서브네트워크는 이중 노드 상호 연결 방안이 존재하지 않는다. 비록 이더넷 링 보호절체는 이중 노드 상호 연결방안을 포함하고 있지만 이더넷 링 보호절체의 기술적 특성상 연결 노드에서 장애가 발생하면 전이 트래픽이 급격하게 증가될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 보호 서브네트워크에서 연결 노드 이중화를 위한 선형 보호절체 적용 방안을 제시한다. 그리고 링크와 상호 연결 노드의 장애에 대한 여러 실험을 통해 제안된 선형 보호와 링 보호 프로세스의 다양한 조합이 어떻게 다중 보호 서브네트워크에서 서비스 트래픽의 복구 탄력성에 영향을 미치는 지를 분석한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권9B호
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• pp.883-891
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• 2009

고속 네트워크 장비에 네트워크프로세서의 사용이 보편화되고 라우팅 기능과 패컷처리 기능을 분리하는 분산형 시스템 구조가 이용됨에 따라 대용량의 트래픽을 매우 빠르게 처리하는 향상된 성능을 보일 수 있으나, 제어평면과 데이터 평면 사이에 추가 메시지 교환이 필요하여 시스템 내부 통신 지연이 증가하는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 구조는 이더넷 프로텍션 스위칭 기술에 필요한 패킷 처리 기능 블록들을 효율적으로 배치하여 설계함으로써, 메시지 교환에 따른 지연의 증가에도 불구하고 단일 링크의 장애 발생 시 50 msec급 수준의 빠른 절체 성능을 보인다. 이에 따라 높은 신뢰성과 수십 기가비트의 광대역 전송이 요구되는 캐리어 이더넷 시스템에 적합한 선형 프로텍션 스위칭 기술의 설계 및 구현 방안을 제공할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2568-2588
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• 2021

Shared mesh protection (SMP) protects traffic against failures occurring in a working path, as with linear protection, and allows resource sharing of protection paths with different endpoints. The SMP mechanism coordinates multiple protection paths that require shared resources when failures occur on multiple working paths. When multiple failures occur in SMP networks sharing limited resources, activation can fail because some of the resources in the protection path are already in use. In this case, a node confirming that a resource is not available has the option to wait until the resource is available or to withdraw activation of the protection path. In this study, we recognize that the protection switching time and the number of protected services can be different, depending on which option is used for SMP networks. Moreover, we propose a detailed design for the implementation of SMP by considering options and algorithms that are commonly needed for network nodes. A simulation shows the performance of an SMP system implemented with the proposed design and utilizing two options. The results demonstrate that resource utilization can be increased or protection switching time can be shortened depending on the option selected by the network administrator.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.198-209
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• 2007

This paper provides a thorough study on shared segment protection (SSP) for mesh communication networks in the complete routing information scenario, where the integer linear program (ILP) in [1] is extended such that the following two constraints are well addressed: (a) The restoration time constraint for each connection request, and (b) the switching/merging capacity constraint at each node. A novel approach, called SSP algorithm, is developed to reduce the extremely high computation complexity in solving the ILP formulation. Basically, our approach is to derive a good approximation on the parameters in the ILP by referring to the result of solving the corresponding shared path protection (SPP) problem. Thus, the design space can be significantly reduced by eliminating some edges in the graphs. We will show in the simulation that with our approach, the optimality can be achieved in most of the cases. To verify the proposed formulation and investigate the performance impairment in terms of average cost and success rate by the additional two constraints, extensive simulation work has been conducted on three network topologies, in which SPP and shared link protection (SLP) are implemented for comparison. We will demonstrate that the proposed SSP algorithm can effectively and efficiently solve the survivable routing problem with constraints on restoration time and switching/merging capability of each node. The comparison among the three protection types further verifies that SSP can yield significant advantages over SPP and SLP without taking much computation time.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2016

In this paper, we discuss the issues of providing protection for point-to-multipoint connections in both Ethernet and MPLS-TP-based packet transport networks. We introduce two types of per-leaf protection-linear and ring. Neither of the two types requires that modifications to existing standards be made. Their performances can be improved by a collective signal fail mechanism proposed in this paper. In addition, two schemes - tree protection and hybrid protection - are newly proposed to reduce the service recovery time when a single failure leads to multiple signal fail events, which in turn places a significant amount of processing burden upon a root node. The behavior of the tree protection protocol is designed with minimal modifications to existing standards. The hybrid protection scheme is devised to maximize the benefits of per-leaf protection and tree protection. To observe how well each scheme achieves an efficient traffic recovery, we evaluate their performances using a test bed as well as computer simulation based on the formulae found in this paper.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This paper presents a new transient overvoltage blocking device (TOBD) for info-communication facilities with low power and high frequency bandwidth. Conventional protection devices have some problems such as low frequency bandwidth, low energy capacity and high remnant voltage. In order to improve these limitations, thehybrid type TOBD, which consists of a gas tube, avalanche diodes and junction typefield effect transistors (JFETs), was designed and fabricated. The TOBD differs from the conventional protection devices in configuration, and JFETs were used as an active non-linear element and a high speed switching diode with low capacitance limits high current. Therefore the avalanche dilde with low energy capacity are protected fromthe high current, and the TOBD has a very small input capacitance. From the performance test using combination surge generator, which can produce $1.2/50\mus\;4.2kV_{max}\; 8/20\mus\; 2.1kA_{max}$, it is confirmed that proposed TOBD has an excellent protection performance in tight clamping voltage and limiting current characteristics.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1999

This paper presents a new transient voltage blocking device(TOBD)which low power and high frequency bandwidth to protect info-communication facilities from transient voltages. Conventional protection devices have some problems such as low frequency bandwidth low ener-gy capacity and high remnant voltage. in order to improve these limitations a hybrid type TOBD which consists of a gas tube avalanche diodes and junction type field effect transistor (JFETs) is developed. The TOBD differs from the conventional protection devices in configuration and JFETs are used as an active non-linear element and a high speed switching diode with low capacitance limited high current. Therefore the avalanche diode with low energy capacity are protected from the high current and the TOBD has a very small input capacitance. From the performance test using combination surge generator which can produce $1.2/50{\mu}m$ 4.2 kV/max, $8/20{\mu}m$ 2.1 kAmax it is confirmed that the proposed TOBD has an excellent protection per-formance in tight clamping voltage and limiting current characteristics.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.330-334
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• 1999

This paper presents a new transient voltage blocking device (TBD) for commucation facilities with low power and high frequency bandwidth. Conventional protection devices have some problems such as low frequency bandwidth, low energy capacity and high remnant voltage. In order to improve these limitations, the new TBD, which consists of a gas tube, avalanche diodes and junction type field effect transistors (JFETs), was designed and fabricated JFETs were used as an active non-linear element and a high speed switching diode with low capacitance limits high current. Therefore the avalanche diodes with low energy capacity are protected from the high current, and the TBD has a very small input capacitance. From the performance test using surge generator, which can produce 1.2/50${\mu}\textrm{s}$ 4.2 k$V_{max}$, 8/20${\mu}\textrm{s}$ 2.1 kA$\sub$max/, it is confirmed that the proposed TBD has an excellent protection performance in tight clamping voltage and limiting current characteristics.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권9호
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• pp.1313-1317
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• 2013

With increasing demand of power, the equipment of power system is enlarging and the absolute capacity is going up. As a result, when a fault occurs, the fault current is consistently increasing. Therefore, I suggested some solution for limiting the fault current more efficiently. This study shows the characteristics of superconducting limiting elements and normal conducting elements combined with a transformer. We performed a short-circuit test about the fault current by using SCR switching control system operated from a CT. When short circuit accidents happened in the secondary side of a transformer, fault currents flowed and a SCR switching control system was operated. It resulted in a decrease of the fault current in the limited elements of third winding connected in parallel. For this test, we used YBCO thin films and normal conducting elements as the limited elements. Within a cycle, a superconducting fault current limiter with YBCO thin films reduced more than 90% of fault current because the resistance of superconducting elements sustainedly grew. On the other hand, the limiter with normal conductors limited as much as a set value because its resistance characteristic was linear. Consequently, in case of the limiter with superconductor, limiting range of the circuit was wide but the range of protective detection was undefined. In contrast, as for the limiter with normal conductors, limiting range and protection duty were appropriate.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1365-1373
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• 1999

In many countries including Korea, in order to transmit the more electric power, the higher transmission line voltage is inevitable. So, a rapid reclosing scheme is important for EHV/UHV transmission lines to ensure requirements for high reliability of main lines. A critical aspect of reclosing operation is the extinction of the secondary arc since it must extinguish before successful reclosure can occur. Therefore the accurate simulation techniques of arcing faults are of importance. And successful reclosing switching can be accomplished by adopting a proper method such as HSGS and hybrid scheme to reduce the secondary arc extinction time. First of all, this paper discusses a suggested arc model, which have time dependent resistance for primary arc and piecewise linear approximated arc model for secondary arc. And this simulation technique is applied to Korean 765 kV transmission lines. Also hybrid scheme is simulated and evaluated for the purpose of shortening dead time. For adaptive reclosing scheme, variable dead time control algorithm is suggested. Two kinds of algorithm are tested. One is max tracking algorithm and the other is rms tracking algorithm. According to simulation results, rms tracking has less errors than max tracking. Therefore rms tracking is applied to Korean 765 kV transmission lines with hybrid scheme.